Open Access

Background: During ECMO therapy ischemia of the limbs or internal organs are potential lethal complications. This study analyzed incidence and type of ischemic complications during ECMO therapy, divided in limb, mesenteric, cardiac and neurological ischemia. Methods: In this single-center retrospective observational study data from 348 patients treated with veno-venous, veno-arterial or veno-venous-arterial ECMO at the Asklepios Klinik Langen between April 1st 2011 and March 31st 2020 was screened. 321 patients with diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiogenic or septic shock were included. Primary outcome variable was type of ischemic complication. Further variables were serum lactate levels 24h before and immediately after diagnosis of the ischemic complication, duration of ICU and hospital stay, ECMO therapy and duration of invasive ventilation and arterial blood gas analysis on day of admission to the ICU. Age, sex, ECMO mode, diagnosis, SAPS II, SOFA score, hospital mortality, the use of renal replacement therapy and tracheotomy, the occurrence of infections during the ICU stay and the need of CPR before ECMO implantation were recorded as well. Results: 62/321 patients (19.3%) were diagnosed with an ischemic complication. Most common areas were limbs (n=32) and mesenteric ischemia (n=21). Patients who were diagnosed with a septic shock had the highest rate of ischemic complications (36.2%). In VV mode there was a difference in survival between patients with and without ischemic complication (p=0.025). Using multivariate logistic regression, age ≥50 years (p=0.029; OR=2.793; CI 1.109 – 7.033), use of hemodialysis (p=0.003; OR=3.283; CI=1.513 – 7.124) and initial diagnosis of a septic shock (p=0.049; OR=2.144; CI=1.003 – 4.583) could be identified as predictors for ischemic complications. Conclusions: Ischemic complications are frequent during ECMO therapy. An age of at least 50 years, the use of hemodialysis and diagnosis of a septic shock were predictors of ischemic complications. No correlation between ECMO mode and ischemic complications was found. An influence of ischemic complications on survival could be found only in patients treated with VV mode.