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Observation of enhanced subthreshold K+ production in central collisions between heavy nuclei (1994)

In the very heavy collision system 197Au+197Au the K+ production process was studied as a function of impact parameter at 1 GeV/nucleon, a beam energy well below the free N-N threshold. The K+ multiplicity increases more than linearly with the number of participant nucleons and the K+/ pi + ratio rises significantly when going from peripheral to central collisions. The measured K+ double differential cross section is enhanced by a factor of 6 compared to microscopic transport calculations if secondary processes (Delta N-->K Lambda N and Delta Delta -->K Lambda N) are ignored.

Study of strange matter production in the heavy ion collisions at NUCLOTRON (2012)

Ablyazimov, Timur O. ; Aichelin, Jörg ; Andreev, V. V. ; Avdejchikov, V. V. ; Averianov, A. V. ; Avramenko, S. V. ; Akishina, Valentina ; Akishin, Pavel G. ; Aksinenko, V. D. ; Alfeev, A. V. ; Alfeev, V. S. ; Babkin, Vadim A. ; Baginyan, S. A. ; Balandin, V. P. ; Baranova, A. V. ; Barznat, M. I. ; Basylev, S. N. ; Belyakov, Dmitry V. ; Bogdanova, G. A. ; Boguslavsky, I. V. ; Bolshakova, I. A. ; Boos, E. E. ; Bratkovskaya, Elena L. ; Cassing, Wolfgang ; Chernenko, Sergey P. ; Davkov, V. ; Davkov, K. ; Demidova, V. I. ; Deng, Z. ; Derenovskaya, Olga ; Donskov, S. V. ; Dunin, V. B. ; Ershov, A. A. ; Fateev, Oleg V. ; Fedorov, Yu. I. ; Gapienko, V. A. ; Gavrishuk, O. P. ; Genchev, S. G. ; Golovatyuk, V. M. ; Golochvastov, A. I. ; Golovnya, S. N. ; Grigalashvili, N. ; Guber, Fedor ; Gudima, K. K. ; Gumen, S. ; Gurchin, Yu. V. ; Hartnack, Christoph ; Hayduchok, V. ; Heuser, J. ; Huang, X. ; Ivanov, V. V. ; Ivashkin, Alexander ; Ierusalimov, Alexander P. ; Ilgenfritz, Ernst-Michael ; Isupov, A. Yu. ; Ivanets, V. ; Janek, M. ; Karachuk, Yu.-T. ; Karmanov, D. E. ; Kekelidze, V. D. ; Kekelidze, G. D. ; Khabarov, V. S. ; Khabarov, S. V. ; Kholodenko, Anatoli G. ; Khrenov, A. N. ; Kireev, V. I. ; Kiryushin, Yu. T. ; Kisel, P. I. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kogut, I. ; Kokoulina, E. S. ; Kolesnikov, Vadim I. ; Konchakovski, V. ; Kopko, B. ; Korolev, M. G. ; Korotkova, A. M. ; Kost, Y. ; Kovaljova, N. ; Kovtun, Volodymyr E. ; Kozachenko, L. ; Kravets, M. ; Kugler, Andrej ; Kurbatov, E. O. ; Kurepin, Alexey B. ; Kurilkin, Aleksey K. ; Kurilkin, Pavel K. ; Kushpil, V. ; Kutov, A. Yu. ; Kuznezov, A. V. ; Kuzmin, N. A. ; Ladygin, Evgeny A. ; Ladygin, Vladimir P. ; Ladygina, N. B. ; Lebedev, A. A. ; Lenok, V. V. ; Levchenko, A. ; Li, Y. ; Linnyk, Olena ; Lipchinski, D. ; Litvinenko, E. P. ; Lobastov, S. P. ; Lokhtin, Igor P. ; Lukstins, Juris ; Lyashchenko, V. N. ; Madigozhin, D. T. ; Makido, O. ; Maksimenko, N. V. ; Malakhov, Aleksandr I. ; Malinina, Liudmila ; Martinska, M. ; Merkin, M. M. ; Mikhaylov, Yu. V. ; Mialkovsky, V. V. ; Moroz, A. ; Murin, Yu. N. ; Nagorny, S. N. ; Nakalov, Y. ; Nikitin, Vladimir A. ; Nomokonov, Petr V. ; Okhrimenko, O. V. ; Palynyak, I. ; Pavljuchkov, V. V. ; Parfenov, A. N. ; Petukhov, Yu. P. ; Pechenov, Vladimir N. ; Pechenova, Olga Yu. ; Peshekhonov, V. D. ; Piyadin, S. M. ; Polyakov, V. A. ; Popovichi, J. ; Radkov, I. S. ; Radnev, S. V. ; Rakhlin, L. ; Raportirenko, A. M. ; Rashevski, G. ; Reva, S. N. ; Reznikov, S. G. ; Riadovikov, V. N. ; Rukoyatkin, P. A. ; Rufanov, I. A. ; Sadovsky, Alexander ; Semak, A. A. ; Senger, Peter ; Shabunov, A. V. ; Shapovalov, H. ; Shejnast, V. ; Shkilyov, A. L. ; Shurygin, F. ; Shutov, A. V. ; Slepnev, V. M. ; Slepnev, I. V. ; Snigirev, Alexander M. ; Sushko, I. ; Suzdalev, V. I. ; Svoboda, Ondřej ; Syschenko, V. V. ; Sychkov, S. Yu. ; Terekhin, Arkadiy A. ; Terlezky, A. V. ; Teryaev, O. V. ; Tiflov, V. V. ; Tikhomirov, V. V. ; Tlustý, Pavel ; Topilin, N. D. ; Trpisova, B. ; Tsupa, Yu. P. ; Turchin, A. A. ; Tymoshyn, S. ; Ukhanov, M. N. ; Usenko, Evgeny A. ; Urban, J. ; Vasendina, V. A. ; Vasiliev, Taras A. ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Vladimirova, N. M. ; Vishnevsky, A. V. ; Vnukov, I. E. ; Vokal, Stanislav ; Volgin, S. V. ; Volkov, Vasily ; Vorobiev, A. P. ; Voronin, A. G. ; Voronyuk, Vadym V. ; Voroshylo, H. ; Wang, J. ; Wang, Y. ; Yerashok, V. ; Yukaev, A. I. ; Zagachevskyi, Y. ; Zaljyubovsky, I. I. ; Zanevsky, Yuri V. ; Zenkov, A. ; Zhu, X. ; Zinchenko, A. P. ; Zrelov, P. V. ; Zryuev, V. N.

It is proposed to install an experimental setup in the fixed-target hall of the Nuclotron with the final goal to perform a research program focused on the production of strange matter in heavyion collisions at beam energies between 2 and 6 A GeV. The basic setup will comprise a large acceptance dipole magnet with inner tracking detector modules based on double-sided Silicon micro-strip sensors and GEMs. The outer tracking will be based on the drift chambers and straw tube detector. Particle identification will be based on the time-of-flight measurements. This setup will be sufficient perform a comprehensive study of strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions, including multi-strange hyperons, multi-strange hypernuclei, and exotic multi-strange heavy objects. These pioneering measurements would provide the first data on the production of these particles in heavy-ion collisions at Nuclotron beam energies, and would open an avenue to explore the third (strangeness) axis of the nuclear chart. The extension of the experimental program is related with the study of in-medium effects for vector mesons decaying in hadronic modes. The studies of the NN and NA reactions for the reference is assumed.

Azimuthally anisotropic emission of pions in symmetric heavy-ion collisions (1993)

Triple differential cross sections d3 sigma /dp3 for charged pions produced in symmetric heavy-ion collisions were measured with the KaoS magnetic spectrometer at the heavy-ion synchrotron facility SIS at GSI. The correlations between the momentum vectors of charged pions and the reaction plane in 197Au+197Au collisions at an incident energy of 1 GeV/nucleon were determined. We observe, for the first time, an azimuthally anisotropic distribution of pions, with enhanced emission perpendicular to the reaction plane. The anisotropy is most pronounced for pions of high transverse momentum in semicentral collisions.

Strange particle reconstruction by the missing mass method (2018)

Kisel, Pavel ; Kisel, Ivan ; Senger, Peter ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Zyzak, Maksym

The main goal of modern heavy-ion experiments is a comprehensive study of the QCD phase diagram, in a region of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) and possible phase transition to QGP phase. Strange particles produced in the collision are sensitive probes of the created media. Reconstruction of Σ particles together with other strange particles completes the picture of strangeness production. Σ+ and Σ− have all decay modes with at least one neutral daughter, which can not be registered by the CBM detector. For their identification the missing mass method is proposed: a) tracks of the mother (Σ−) and the charged daughter (π−) particles are reconstructed in the tracking system; b) the neutral daughter particle (n) is reconstructed from these tracks; c) a mass constraint is set on the reconstructed neutral daughter; d) the mother particle is constructed of the charged and reconstructed neutral daughter particles and the mass spectrum is obtained, by which the particle can be identified. The method can be applied for other strange particles too. In total 18 particle decays with neutral daughter are now included into physics analysis.

QCD matter physics at FAIR (2017)

Senger, Peter

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will be one of the major scientific pillars of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The goal of the CBM research program is to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high baryon densities using high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. This includes the study of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter at neutron star core densities, and the search for the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions. The CBM detector is designed to measure rare diagnostic probes such as hadrons including multi-strange (anti-) hyperons, lepton pairs, and charmed particles with unprecedented precision and statistics. Most of these particles will be studied for the first time in the FAIR energy range. In order to achieve the required precision, the measurements will be performed at very high reaction rates of 1 to 10 MHz. This requires very fast and radiation-hard detectors, a novel data read-out and analysis concept based on free streaming front-end electronics, and a high-performance computing cluster for online event selection. The status of FAIR and the physics program of the proposed CBM experiment will be discussed.

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