Refine
Author
- Schwarz, Frank (28)
- Sader, Robert Alexander (15)
- Ramanauskaite, Ausra (11)
- Obreja, Karina Anne-Marie (9)
- Parvini, Puria (9)
- Becker, Jürgen (7)
- Begić, Amira (6)
- Becker, Kathrin (5)
- Galarraga‐Vinueza, Maria Elisa (5)
- Magini, Ricardo (3)
- Mihatovic, Ilja (3)
- Sader, Robert (3)
- Dressler, Frank (2)
- Föll, Dirk (2)
- Ghanaati, Shahram Michael (2)
- Gruber, Reinhard (2)
- John, Gordon (2)
- Kargarpour, Zahra (2)
- Maawi, Sarah al- (2)
- Nasirzade, Jila (2)
- Obreja, Karina (2)
- Obreja, Karinna Anne-Marie (2)
- Oommen, Prasad Thomas (2)
- Panahipour, Layla (2)
- Rietschel, Christoph Georg (2)
- Sahin, Didem (2)
- Salti, Loutfi (2)
- Schnurr, Benedikt (2)
- Schwarz, Tobias (2)
- Sculean, Anton (2)
- Seifert, Lukas Benedikt (2)
- Thieringer, Florian (2)
- Weller-Heinemann, Frank (2)
- Abazov, V. (1)
- Abramov, V. (1)
- Achenbach, P. (1)
- Ahmed, Samer (1)
- Akram, A. (1)
- Al-Turany, Mohammad (1)
- Albrecht, Malte (1)
- Alccayhuaman, Karol Alí Apaza (1)
- Alcoforado, Gil (1)
- Alexeev, G. (1)
- Ali, A. (1)
- Alkakhi, W. (1)
- Amsler, C. (1)
- Antokhin, E. (1)
- Arefiev, V. A. (1)
- Aringer, Martin (1)
- Aschenbrenner, Frank (1)
- Astakhov, V. (1)
- Atac, A. (1)
- Augustin, I. (1)
- Azizi, K. (1)
- Balanutsa, P. (1)
- Balashoff, A. (1)
- Barabanov, M. Yu. (1)
- Barnyakov, A. Yu. (1)
- Barucca, Gianni (1)
- Basant, K. N. (1)
- Batyunya, B. V. (1)
- Beck, R. (1)
- Becker, Ingrid (1)
- Becker, Kathrina (1)
- Belias, A. (1)
- Beloborodov, K. (1)
- Belostotski, S. (1)
- Belousov, A. (1)
- Bergner, Raoul (1)
- Bettner, Y. (1)
- Bettoni, Diego (1)
- Bianchi, Nicola (1)
- Bianconi, A. (1)
- Bleser, S. (1)
- Blinov, A. E. (1)
- Blinov, V. E. (1)
- Boca, Gianluigi (1)
- Bodenschatz, S. (1)
- Bonaventura, D. (1)
- Borte, Michael (1)
- Boukharov, A. (1)
- Bracco, G. (1)
- Bragadireanu, Mario (1)
- Brand, P. (1)
- Branford, D. (1)
- Brinkmann, K. T. (1)
- Brunello, Giulia (1)
- Brunner, Jürgen (1)
- Brück, L. (1)
- Budde, Klemens (1)
- Bug, Gesine (1)
- Bukreeva, S. (1)
- Bumrungkoh, D. (1)
- Burgwinkel, Philip (1)
- Burmester, Gerd-Rüdiger (1)
- Bussa, M. P. (1)
- Bäck, T. (1)
- Böhm, M. (1)
- Böhm, R. (1)
- Bökelmann, S. (1)
- Bölting, M. (1)
- Bühler, Paul (1)
- Calen, H. (1)
- Calvo, D. (1)
- Cao, N. (1)
- Cao, X. (1)
- Capozza, L. (1)
- Cederwall, B. (1)
- Chehab, Gamal (1)
- Chernetsky, V. (1)
- Chernichenko, S. (1)
- Chlopik, A. (1)
- Coen, S. (1)
- Corell, O. (1)
- Crede, V. (1)
- Dard, Michel Marcel (1)
- Davì, F. (1)
- Dbeyssi, A. (1)
- De Remigis, P. (1)
- Deepak, P. N. (1)
- Demekhin, A. (1)
- Denig, Achim (1)
- Denizli, H. (1)
- Deppe, H. (1)
- Derevschikov, A. (1)
- Derichs, A. (1)
- Diehl, S. (1)
- Distler, M. (1)
- Dobbs, S. (1)
- Dodokhov, V. Kh. (1)
- Dohle, Eva (1)
- Dolgolenko, A. (1)
- Domagala, M. (1)
- Dormenev, V. (1)
- Dosdall, R. (1)
- Drescher, Dieter (1)
- Duda, D. (1)
- Dutta, K. (1)
- Dzhygadlo, R. (1)
- Dörner, Thomas (1)
- Düren, M. (1)
- Efremov, A. (1)
- Ehret, A. (1)
- Eming, Rüdiger (1)
- Er, N. (1)
- Erfurt-Berge, Cornelia (1)
- Erlen, T. (1)
- Erni, W. (1)
- Esmail, W. (1)
- Eugenio, P. (1)
- Eyrich, W. (1)
- Fechtchenko, A. (1)
- Fedorets, P. (1)
- Fedorov, A. (1)
- Fedotov, G. (1)
- Feldbauer, Florian (1)
- Ferapontov, V. (1)
- Fesq, Heike (1)
- Fiehn, Christoph (1)
- Filippi, A. (1)
- Filo, G. (1)
- Finger, M. (1)
- Fink, M. (1)
- Firlej, M. (1)
- Fischer-Betz, Rebecca (1)
- Fiutowski, T. (1)
- Fleck, Martin (1)
- Flemming, H. (1)
- Foeldvari, Ivan (1)
- Frech, J. (1)
- Freivogel, Klaus (1)
- Fretwurst, Tobias (1)
- Freudenreich, V. (1)
- Fritsch, Miriam (1)
- Fritzsch, C. (1)
- Föhl, K. (1)
- Galarraga‑Vinueza, Maria Elisa (1)
- Gallus, P. (1)
- Galoyan, A. (1)
- Gandhi, K. (1)
- Gavrilov, G. (1)
- Gerasimov, A. (1)
- Gerhardt, A. (1)
- Gianotti, Paola (1)
- Gillitzer, A. (1)
- Glazier, D. (1)
- Godre, S. (1)
- Goldenbaum, F. (1)
- Golovanov, G. (1)
- Golubev, A. (1)
- Goncharenko, Y. (1)
- Goryachev, V. (1)
- Grieser, S. (1)
- Grochowski, J. (1)
- Grunke, Mathias (1)
- Grunwald, D. (1)
- Grötz, Knut Achim (1)
- Guerrero, Adrian (1)
- Gurzawska, Agata (1)
- Gurzawska-Comis, Katarzyna (1)
- Götzen, Klaus (1)
- Haas, Johannes-Peter (1)
- Haas, Judith (1)
- Hagdorn, R. (1)
- Hahn, C. (1)
- Hamdi, A. (1)
- Hammann, C. (1)
- Hargens, C. (1)
- Hartmann, J. (1)
- Haubitz, Marion (1)
- Hayrapetyan, A. (1)
- Heimel, Patrick (1)
- Heinsius, Fritz-Herbert (1)
- Heinz, Andreas (1)
- Heitmann, Stefan (1)
- Heitz-Mayfield, Lisa J. A. (1)
- Held, T. (1)
- Henes, Jörg Christoph (1)
- Henschler, Reinhard (1)
- Hergemöller, A. K. (1)
- Herold, Christoph (1)
- Herrera-Vizcaino, Carlos (1)
- Herrera-Vizcaíno, Carlos (1)
- Hertl, Michael (1)
- Herzog, Anna Laura (1)
- Hetz, B. (1)
- Himmelreich, Mathilde (1)
- Hinze, Claas Heinrich (1)
- Hoek, M. (1)
- Hofmann, J. (1)
- Hofmann, Wolf-Karsten (1)
- Holle, Julia Ulrike (1)
- Holtmann, Tobias (1)
- Horneff, Gerd (1)
- Hospach, Anton (1)
- Hu, Q. (1)
- Huang, G. (1)
- Hunter, G. (1)
- Hunzelmann, Nico (1)
- Hüfner, Mira Kristin (1)
- Hügle, Boris (1)
- Hüsken, Nils (1)
- Iazzi, F. (1)
- Idzik, M. (1)
- Ikegami Andersson, Walter (1)
- Ireland, D. (1)
- Isaksson, L. (1)
- Izotov, A. (1)
- Jakob, Waltraud (1)
- Jary, V. (1)
- Jiang, P. (1)
- Johansson, Tord (1)
- Jokhovets, L. (1)
- Jönsson, Daniel (1)
- Kalita, K. (1)
- Kampfmann, Manuela (1)
- Kampleitner, Carina (1)
- Kannika, J. (1)
- Kantsyrev, Alexey V. (1)
- Kappert, R. (1)
- Karabowicz, R. (1)
- Kavatsyuk, Myroslav O. (1)
- Kazlou, D. (1)
- Kegel, S. (1)
- Kellers, J. (1)
- Keshk, Iman (1)
- Kesik, G. (1)
- Keskin, U. (1)
- Kesselkaul, M. (1)
- Ketzer, Bernhard (1)
- Khalaph, Silava (1)
- Khosonthongkee, K. (1)
- Khoukaz, Alfons (1)
- Khoury, Chantal Marie (1)
- Kieseier, Bernd (1)
- Kirin, D. Y. (1)
- Kisel, Ivan (1)
- Klasen, R. (1)
- Klein, Ariane (1)
- Kliemt, Ralf (1)
- Klinge, Björn (1)
- Kobdaj, Chinorat (1)
- Koch, H. (1)
- Koch, S. (1)
- Komor, Martina (1)
- Kononov, S. (1)
- Kopf, Bertram (1)
- Korchak, O. (1)
- Korcyl, G. (1)
- Korcyl, K. (1)
- Korzhik, M. (1)
- Koshurnikov, E. K. (1)
- Kozela, A. (1)
- Kozlov, Grigory (1)
- Kravchenko, E. A. (1)
- Krebs, M. (1)
- Kripko, A. (1)
- Kristi, N. (1)
- Krusche, B. (1)
- Kuchler, Ulrike (1)
- Kuhlmann, M. (1)
- Kulessa, P. (1)
- Kulkarni, A. (1)
- Kumawat, H. (1)
- Kunze, M. (1)
- Kupsc, Andrzej (1)
- Kurilla, U. (1)
- Kuyanov, I. A. (1)
- Kveton, A. (1)
- König, Ramona (1)
- Köseoglu, I. (1)
- Kötter, Ina (1)
- Kühn, Wolfgang (1)
- Kümmel, M. (1)
- Kümmerle-Deschner, Jasmin (1)
- Küßner, M. (1)
- Ladygina, E. (1)
- Lainka, Elke Maria (1)
- Lalik, R. (1)
- Lancioni, G. (1)
- Lang, Niklaus P. (1)
- Lange, Jens Sören (1)
- Lattery, M. (1)
- Lauth, W. (1)
- Lavagno, A. (1)
- Lebiedowicz, P. (1)
- Lehmann, A. (1)
- Lehmann, D. (1)
- Lehmann, I. (1)
- Leithoff, H. H. (1)
- Lermen, Yanislava (1)
- Lersch, D. (1)
- Levin, A. (1)
- Li, H. (1)
- Li, J. (1)
- Li, Z. (1)
- Liang, Y. (1)
- Limphirat, A. (1)
- Linzen, L. (1)
- Lisowski, E. (1)
- Lisowski, F. (1)
- Liu, B. (1)
- Liu, C. (1)
- Liu, D. (1)
- Liu, Z. (1)
- Lobanov, Y. Yu. (1)
- Loehner, H. (1)
- Lovric, Svjetlana (1)
- Lucherini, V. (1)
- Lukman, Fanya (1)
- Luschevskaya, E. (1)
- Lynen, U. (1)
- Lühning, J. (1)
- Ma, X. (1)
- Maas, F. (1)
- Magini, Ricardo de Sousa (1)
- Makonyi, K. (1)
- Maldaner, Stephan (1)
- Malige, A. (1)
- Malyshev, O. (1)
- Manaenkov, S. (1)
- Manasatitpong, K. (1)
- Mannweiler, C. (1)
- Marciniewski, P. (1)
- Marcisovsky, M. (1)
- Martin, A. (1)
- Marton, J. (1)
- Maslova, E. (1)
- Mattheos, Nikos (1)
- Matveev, V. A. (1)
- Mayer, Stephanie (1)
- Mazza, G. (1)
- Meier, Florian Matthias Peter (1)
- Melnik, Y. (1)
- Melnychuk, D. (1)
- Mengucci, P. (1)
- Merkel, H. (1)
- Mertens, Brenda Nilufar (1)
- Messchendorp, Johannes Gerhardus (1)
- Metag, V. (1)
- Metzler, Claudia (1)
- Meurer, Michael (1)
- Meščanin, Aleksei P. (1)
- Michałek, M. (1)
- Miehling, D. (1)
- Miklukho, O. (1)
- Minaev, N. (1)
- Minden, Kirsten (1)
- Missevitch, O. (1)
- Mochalov, V. (1)
- Moiseev, V. (1)
- Montalto, L. (1)
- Moritz, M. (1)
- Moron, J. (1)
- Morozov, D. (1)
- Moskal, P. (1)
- Motzko, C. (1)
- Müller, U. (1)
- Müller-Felber, Wolfgang (1)
- Müller-Ladner, Ulf (1)
- Müllers, J. (1)
- Nakhoul, S. (1)
- Nalti, W. (1)
- Nanova, M. (1)
- Nasawad, T. (1)
- Natali, P. P. (1)
- Nerling, Frank (1)
- Neudorf, Ulrich (1)
- Neue, G. (1)
- Nienkemper, Manuel (1)
- Nogach, L. (1)
- Noll, O. (1)
- Novotny, R. (1)
- Novy, J. (1)
- Nowakowski, K. (1)
- Olgun, A. T. (1)
- Olshevskiy, A. G. (1)
- Oppotsch, J. (1)
- Orfanitski, S. (1)
- Orsich, P. (1)
- Orth, H. (1)
- Pace, H. (1)
- Panjushkin, V. (1)
- Pankonin, S. (1)
- Pantea, D. (1)
- Paone, N. (1)
- Papenbrock, Michael (1)
- Pelizäus, Marc (1)
- Peng, H. (1)
- Pereira-de-Lira, J. (1)
- Pesek, M. (1)
- Peskova, M. (1)
- Peter, M. (1)
- Peters, Klaus (1)
- Pfaffinger, M. (1)
- Pflüger, S. (1)
- Piskun, A. A. (1)
- Pitka, A. (1)
- Pitta, João (1)
- Pivovarov, S. (1)
- Piñeiro, D. Rodríguez (1)
- Pochodzalla, J. (1)
- Pongampai, S. (1)
- Poslavskiy, S. (1)
- Pothodi Chackara, V. (1)
- Poznański, P. (1)
- Prasuhn, D. (1)
- Prencipe, E. (1)
- Preston, M. (1)
- Prochazka, I. (1)
- Przygoda, W. (1)
- Pugach, M. (1)
- Pyata, E. (1)
- Pysz, K. (1)
- Pérez Andrade, G. (1)
- Pütz, J. (1)
- Płażek, J. (1)
- Qi, H. (1)
- Quin, N. (1)
- Rai, A. K. (1)
- Rathod, N. (1)
- Rauch, Nicole (1)
- Rauch, Nicole Jasmin (1)
- Regina, J. (1)
- Reher, J. (1)
- Reicherz, G. (1)
- Rieger, J. (1)
- Rigato, V. (1)
- Rinaldi, D. (1)
- Ritman, J. (1)
- Rivetti, Angelo (1)
- Robison, L. (1)
- Rodin, Viktor (1)
- Rosenthal, E. (1)
- Rossbach, M. (1)
- Roy, B. (1)
- Roy, U. (1)
- Rubbert-Roth, Andrea (1)
- Rudy, Z. (1)
- Ruthardt, Martin (1)
- Ryazantsev, A. (1)
- Ryzhikov, S. (1)
- Rüster, Brigitte Inge (1)
- Sachs, M. (1)
- Saito, T. (1)
- Salabura, P. (1)
- Salisbury, B. (1)
- Samartsev, A. (1)
- Sanz-Martin, Ignacio (1)
- Saxena, Alok (1)
- Sayardoust, Shariel (1)
- Scalise, L. (1)
- Schadmand, S. (1)
- Schakel, P. (1)
- Schara, Ulrike (1)
- Schepers, G. (1)
- Schlimme, S. (1)
- Schmidt, C. J. (1)
- Schmidt, Christian Joachim (1)
- Schmidt, Enno (1)
- Schmidt, M. (1)
- Schmidt, Nico (1)
- Schmitt, L. (1)
- Schmitz, R. (1)
- Schnier, Claudius (1)
- Scholl, A. (1)
- Schubert, R. (1)
- Schulze-Koops, Hendrik (1)
- Schupp, F. (1)
- Schwarting, Andreas (1)
- Schwarz, C. (1)
- Schwarz, Kerstin (1)
- Schwarz-Eywill, Michael (1)
- Schwiening, J. (1)
- Schäfer, W. (1)
- Schönning, K. (1)
- Sefzick, T. (1)
- Seitz, B. (1)
- Semenov, P. (1)
- Serdyuk, V. (1)
- Seth, K. (1)
- Sfienti, C. (1)
- Shein, I. (1)
- Shen, X. (1)
- Shimanski, S. (1)
- Simantathammakul, T. (1)
- Skachkov, N. B. (1)
- Skachkova, A. N. (1)
- Slunecka, M. (1)
- Smyrski, J. (1)
- Spataro, Stefano (1)
- Specker, Christof (1)
- Speth, Fabian (1)
- Srisawad, P. (1)
- Stadler, Rudolf (1)
- Stavinskiy, A. V. (1)
- Stavropoulos, Andreas (1)
- Steinacher, M. (1)
- Steinen, M. (1)
- Steinke, M. (1)
- Steinschaden, D. (1)
- Stenzel, H. (1)
- Sticherling, Michael (1)
- Stockmanns, T. (1)
- Straube, M. (1)
- Strauss, Franz Josef (1)
- Strickert, M. (1)
- Strokovsky, E. A. (1)
- Strutz, Frank (1)
- Sun, S. (1)
- Sun, Y. (1)
- Swientek, K. (1)
- Szczurek, A. (1)
- Sörensen, Helmut (1)
- Tao, J. (1)
- Tarasiuk, J. (1)
- Tavukoglu, Z. (1)
- Tegner, P. E. (1)
- Terlecki, P. (1)
- Thiel, M. (1)
- Thoma, U. (1)
- Thöring, U. (1)
- Tikhonov, Y. (1)
- Tokmenin, V. (1)
- Tomasek, L. (1)
- Tomasek, M. (1)
- Tomasi-Gustafsson, E. (1)
- Tony, Hans-Peter (1)
- Trauzeddel, Ralf Felix (1)
- Traxler, M. (1)
- Triffterer, T. (1)
- Täschner, Alexander (1)
- Unger, Leonore (1)
- Urban, Andreas (1)
- Urban, M. (1)
- Uzhinsky, V. (1)
- Uzunian, A. (1)
- Varentsov, V. (1)
- Vasiliev, Andrey (1)
- Veelken, Roland (1)
- Vejdani, S. (1)
- Veretennikov, D. (1)
- Verkheev, A. (1)
- Vestrick, S. (1)
- Virius, M. (1)
- Vodopianov, A. (1)
- Volf, M. (1)
- Voss, B. (1)
- Vrba, V. (1)
- Walford, N. (1)
- Wasem, T. (1)
- Wassenberg, Siegfried (1)
- Watts, D. (1)
- Weinerth, Jutta (1)
- Wenzel, C. (1)
- Westphal, Jens (1)
- Wheadon, R. (1)
- Widmann, Eberhard (1)
- Wieczorek, P. (1)
- Wiedner, Ulrich (1)
- Wiendl, Heinz (1)
- Wintz, P. (1)
- Wohlfahrt, B. (1)
- Wojciechowski, M. (1)
- Wolfart, Stefan (1)
- Wolff, S. (1)
- Wolke, M. (1)
- Wongprachanukul, N. (1)
- Wronka, S. (1)
- Wussow, Praxis von (1)
- Wölbing, D. (1)
- Wüstner, P. (1)
- Xiao, T. (1)
- Xiong, X. A. (1)
- Xu, H. (1)
- Yabsley, B. (1)
- Yakutin, A. (1)
- Yan, Y. (1)
- Yerlikaya, S. (1)
- Yilmaz, A. (1)
- Yogesh, S. (1)
- Yu, C. (1)
- Zambrana, M. (1)
- Zaunick, H. G. (1)
- Zettl, Uwe Klaus (1)
- Zhang, X. (1)
- Zhao, G. (1)
- Zhao, J. (1)
- Zhdanov, A. (1)
- Zhou, X. (1)
- Zhou, Y. (1)
- Zhu, W. (1)
- Zhuravlev, N. I. (1)
- Ziemann, Ulf (1)
- Zimmermann, I. (1)
- Zimmermann, S. (1)
- Zmeskal, Johann (1)
- Zwieglinski, B. (1)
- Zyzak, Maksym (1)
Document Type
- Article (33) (remove)
Language
- English (33) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (33)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (33)
Keywords
- Dental implant (3)
- alveolar ridge augmentation (3)
- 3D printing (2)
- 3D rapid prototyping (2)
- Biopsy (2)
- Complication management (2)
- Fistula (2)
- Flaps (2)
- Grafts (2)
- Macrophage polarization (2)
Galarraga‐Vinueza, Maria Elisa ; Obreja, Karina Anne-Marie ; Ramanauskaite, Ausra ; Magini, Ricardo ; Begić, Amira ; Sader, Robert ; Schwarz, Frank
Objectives: To immunohistochemically characterize and correlate macrophage M1/M2 polarization status with disease severity at peri-implantitis sites.
Materials and methods: A total of twenty patients (n = 20 implants) diagnosed with peri-implantitis (i.e., bleeding on probing with or without suppuration, probing depths ≥ 6 mm, and radiographic marginal bone loss ≥ 3 mm) were included. The severity of peri-implantitis was classified according to established criteria (i.e., slight, moderate, and advanced). Granulation tissue biopsies were obtained during surgical therapy and prepared for immunohistological assessment and macrophage polarization characterization. Macrophages, M1, and M2 phenotypes were identified through immunohistochemical markers (i.e., CD68, CD80, and CD206) and quantified through histomorphometrical analyses.
Results: Macrophages exhibiting a positive CD68 expression occupied a mean proportion of 14.36% (95% CI 11.4–17.2) of the inflammatory connective tissue (ICT) area. Positive M1 (CD80) and M2 (CD206) macrophages occupied a mean value of 7.07% (95% CI 5.9–9.4) and 5.22% (95% CI 3.8–6.6) of the ICT, respectively. The mean M1/M2 ratio was 1.56 (95% CI 1–12–1.9). Advanced peri-implantitis cases expressed a significantly higher M1 (%) when compared with M2 (%) expression. There was a significant correlation between CD68 (%) and M1 (%) expression and probing depth (PD) values.
Conclusion: The present immunohistochemical analysis suggests that macrophages constitute a considerable proportion of the inflammatory cellular composition at peri-implantitis sites, revealing a significant higher expression for M1 inflammatory phenotype at advanced peri-implantitis sites, which could possibly play a critical role in disease progression.
Clinical relevance: Macrophages have critical functions to establish homeostasis and disease. Bacteria might induce oral dysbiosis unbalancing the host’s immunological response and triggering inflammation around dental implants. M1/M2 status could possibly reveal peri-implantitis’ underlying pathogenesis.
Aim: To evaluate the influence of the width of keratinized tissue (KT) on the prevalence of peri-implant diseases, and soft- and hard-tissue stability.
Materials and methods: Clinical studies reporting on the prevalence of peri-implant diseases (primary outcome), plaque index (PI), modified plaque index (mPI), bleeding index (mBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depths (PD), mucosal recession (MR), and marginal bone loss (MBL) and/or patient-reported outcomes (PROMs; secondary outcomes) were searched. The weighted mean differences (WMD) were estimated for the assessed clinical and radiographic parameters by employing a random-effect model that considered different KT widths (i.e., <2 and ≥2 mm).
Results: Twenty-two articles describing 21 studies (15 cross-sectional, five longitudinal comparative studies, and one case series with pre–post design) with an overall high to low risk of bias were included. Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis affected 20.8% to 42% and at 10.5% to 44% of the implants with reduced or absent KT (i.e., <2 mm or 0 mm). The corresponding values at the implant sites with KT width of ≥2 mm or >0 mm were 20.5% to 53% and 5.1% to 8%, respectively. Significant differences between implants with KT < 2 mm and those with KT ≥ 2 mm were revealed for WMD for BOP, mPI, PI, MBL, and MR all favoring implants with KT ≥ 2 mm.
Conclusion: Reduced KT width is associated with an increased prevalence of peri-implantitis, plaque accumulation, soft-tissue inflammation, mucosal recession, marginal bone loss, and greater patient discomfort.
Purpose of Review: To provide an overview of current surgical peri-implantitis treatment options.
Recent Findings: Surgical procedures for peri-implantitis treatment include two main approaches: non-augmentative and augmentative therapy. Open flap debridement (OFD) and resective treatment are non-augmentative techniques that are indicated in the presence of horizontal bone loss in aesthetically nondemanding areas. Implantoplasty performed adjunctively at supracrestally and buccally exposed rough implant surfaces has been shown to efficiently attenuate soft tissue inflammation compared to control sites. However, this was followed by more pronounced soft tissue recession. Adjunctive augmentative measures are recommended at peri-implantitis sites exhibiting intrabony defects with a minimum depth of 3 mm and in the presence of keratinized mucosa. In more advanced cases with combined defect configurations, a combination of augmentative therapy and implantoplasty at exposed rough implant surfaces beyond the bony envelope is feasible.
Summary: For the time being, no particular surgical protocol or material can be considered as superior in terms of long-term peri-implant tissue stability.