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Zur Verbreitung und Ökologie von Atriplex sagittata BORKH. (Glanz-Melde) im nördlichen Rheinland
(1994)
Atriplex sagittata BORKH. (Atriplex nitens Schkuhr) wurde schon vor 1850 gelegentlich ins Rheinland eingeschleppt, etablierte sich hier aber erst nach 1945 auf den Trümmern des kriegszerstörten Bonn in größerem Maße, um sich mit dem Wiederaufbau in Randgebiete zurückzuziehen. Heute tritt sie auf Müll-, Kehrricht- und Erdabkippflächen in z.T. ausgedehnten Dominanzbeständen auf, für welche die Bezeichnung Lactuco-Atriplicetum sagittatae als nomen novum vorgeschlagen wird. Im Rheinland kommt vor allem die Typische Subassoziation dieser Gesellschaft vor. In den oftmals deutlich geschichteten Beständen können nur wenige andere Stellarietea mediae-Arten nennenswerte Deckungsanteile erreichen. Für die Ausbreitung der Art und die Bildung ausgedehnter Herden ist vor allem die ausgeprägte Heterokarpie der Glanz-Melde verantwortlich. Daneben werden aber offensichtlich ganz spezifische Ansprüche an den Wuchsort gestellt. Die von uns untersuchten Substrate lassen sich als kalkhaltige, schwach alkalische, meist gut mit Phosphor und Kalium versorgte, schluffige Sande charakterisieren. Da Verwechslungen von Atriplex sagittata mit anderen hochwüchsigen Meldenarten nicht auszuschließen sind, werden in einem eigenen Kapitel wesentliche Unterscheidungsmerkmale vorgestellt.
Zum Cystopteris fragilis-Komplex gehören in Mitteleuropa drei grobmorphologisch nur schwer unterscheidbare Arten (Cystopteris alpina [Lam.] Desv., C. dickieana R. Sim, C. fragilis [L.] Bernh.). Vor allem C. dickieana und C. fragilis sind sehr polymorph und lassen sich lediglich durch die Struktur des Perispors eindeutig voneinander abgrenzen. C. dickieana ist eine in Deutschland sehr seltene Art. Außer einem nur historisch belegten Fund aus der Umgebung von Berchtesgaden war sie bislang lediglich aus dem Südschwarzwald bekannt, konnte aktuell aber auch aus dem Nahegebiet nachgewiesen werden. Da die Art im Gelände nicht von C. fragilis unterschieden werden kann, ist sie möglicherweise häufiger als bisher bekannt. Die beiden aktuellen Vorkommen im Südschwarzwald und an der Nahe werden standortökologisch, populationsbiologisch und pflanzensoziologisch näher charakterisiert. Bei einer cytologischen Überprüfung erwies sich das Vorkommen im Südschwarzwald als tetraploid. Da die Pflanzen aller drei deutschen Herkünfte in ihrer Sporen- und Stomatalänge weitgehend übereinstimmen, kann vermutet werden, daß auch das (historische) bayerische und das rheinland-pfälzische Vorkommen den tetraploiden Cytotyp repräsentieren.
Background. TLR ligands can promote Th1-biased immune responses, mimicking potent stimuli of viruses and bacteria. Aim. To investigate the adjuvant properties of dual TLR2/7 ligands compared to those of the mixture of both single ligands.
Methods. Dual TLR2/7 ligands: CL401, CL413, and CL531, including CL264 (TLR7-ligand) and Pam2CysK4 (TLR2-ligand), were used. Immune-modulatory capacity of the dual ligands with the individual ligands alone or as a mixture in mouse BMmDCs, BMmDC:TC cocultures, or BMCMCs was compared and assessed in naïve mice and in a mouse model of OVA-induced intestinal allergy.
Results. CL413 and CL531 induced BMmDC-derived IL-10 secretion, suppressed rOVA-induced IL-5 secretion from OVA-specific DO11.10 CD4+ TCs, and induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion in vivo. In contrast, CL401 induced considerably less IL-10 secretion and led to IL-17A production in BMmDC:TC cocultures, but not BMCMC IL-6 secretion, or IL-6 or TNF-α production in vivo. No immune-modulating effects were observed with single ligands. All dual TLR2/7 ligands suppressed DNP-induced IgE-and-Ag-specific mast cell degranulation. Compared to vaccination with OVA, vaccination with the mixture CL531 and OVA, significantly suppressed OVA-specific IgE production in the intestinal allergy model.
Conclusions. Based on beneficial immune-modulating properties, CL413 and CL531 may have utility as potential adjuvants for allergy treatment.
Introduction: In the time of increasing resistance and paucity of new drug development there is a growing need for strategies to enhance rational use of antibiotics in German and Austrian hospitals. An evidence-based guideline on recommendations for implementation of antibiotic stewardship (ABS) programmes was developed by the German Society for Infectious Diseases in association with the following societies, associations and institutions: German Society of Hospital Pharmacists, German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology, Paul Ehrlich Society for Chemotherapy, The Austrian Association of Hospital Pharmacists, Austrian Society for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Austrian Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Robert Koch Institute.
Materials and methods: A structured literature research was performed in the databases EMBASE, BIOSIS, MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library from January 2006 to November 2010 with an update to April 2012 (MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library). The grading of recommendations in relation to their evidence is according to the AWMF Guidance Manual and Rules for Guideline Development.
Conclusion: The guideline provides the grounds for rational use of antibiotics in hospital to counteract antimicrobial resistance and to improve the quality of care of patients with infections by maximising clinical outcomes while minimising toxicity. Requirements for a successful implementation of ABS programmes as well as core and supplemental ABS strategies are outlined. The German version of the guideline was published by the German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF) in December 2013.
SDF-1/CXCR4 expression in head and neck cancer and outcome after postoperative radiochemotherapy
(2017)
Introduction: Outcome after postoperative radiochemotherapy (RT-CT) for patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) remains unsatisfactory, especially among those with HPV negative tumours. Therefore, new biomarkers are needed to further define subgroups for individualised therapeutic approaches. Preclinical and first clinical observations showed that the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1 (CXCL12) play an important role in tumour cell proliferation, survival, cancer progression, metastasis and treatment resistance. However, the data on the prognostic value of SDF-1/CXCR4 expression for HNSCC are conflicting. The aim of our hypothesis-generating study was to retrospectively explore the prognostic potential of SDF-1/CXCR4 in a well-defined cohort of HNSCC patients collected within the multicenter biomarker study of the German Cancer Consortium Radiation Oncology Group (DKTK-ROG).
Material and methods: Patients with stage III and IVA HNSCC of the oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx were treated with resection and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) with ≥60 Gy and concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CT). Tissue micro-arrays (TMAs) from a total of 221 patients were generated from surgical specimens, 201 evaluated for the SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression by immunofluorescence and correlated with clinico-pathological and outcome data.
Results: In univariate and multivariate analyses intracellular SDF-1 expression was associated with lower loco-regional control (LRC) in the entire patient group as well as in the HPV16 DNA negative subgroup. CXCR4 expression showed a trend for lower LRC in the univariate analysis which was not confirmed in the multivariate analysis. Neither for SDF-1 nor CXCR4 expression associations with distant metastasis free or overall survival were found.
Conclusions: Our exploratory data support the hypothesis that overexpression of intracellular SDF-1 is an independent negative prognostic biomarker for LRC after postoperative RT-CT in high-risk HNSCC. Prospective validation is warranted and further exploration of SDF-1/CXCR4 as a potential therapeutic target to overcome treatment resistance in HNSCC appears promising.
This work aims at radar sensors in the frequency band from 57 to 64 GHz that can be embedded in wind turbine blades during manufacturing, enabling non-destructive quality inspection directly after production and structural health monitoring (SHM) during the complete service life of the blade. In this paper, we show the fundamental damage detection capability of this sensor technology during fatigue testing of typical rotor blade materials. Therefore, a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar sensor is used for damage diagnostics, and the results are validated by simultaneous camera recordings. Here, we focus on the failure modes delamination, fiber waviness (ondulation), and inter-fiber failure. For each failure mode, three samples have been designed and experimentally investigated during fatigue testing. A damage index has been proposed based on residual, that is, differential, signals exploiting measurements from pristine structural conditions. This study shows that the proposed innovative radar approach is able to detect continuous structural degradation for all failure modes by means of gradual signal changes.
Aim: Pharmacoresistance is a major burden in epilepsy treatment. We aimed to identify genetic biomarkers in response to specific antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in genetic generalized epilepsies (GGE). Materials & methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 3.3 million autosomal SNPs in 893 European subjects with GGE – responsive or nonresponsive to lamotrigine, levetiracetam and valproic acid. Results: Our GWAS of AED response revealed suggestive evidence for association at 29 genomic loci (p <10-5) but no significant association reflecting its limited power. The suggestive associations highlight candidate genes that are implicated in epileptogenesis and neurodevelopment. Conclusion: This first GWAS of AED response in GGE provides a comprehensive reference of SNP associations for hypothesis-driven candidate gene analyses in upcoming pharmacogenetic studies.
Im nordrhein-westfälischen Teil der Eifel (nördliche Eifel) tritt das Galio odorati-Fagetum Sougnez & Thill 1959 (Waldmeister-Buchenwald) vor allem in Silikat-, seltener auch in Kalkgebieten auf. Seinen Schwerpunkt besitzt es dort, wo unterdevonische Schiefer und Grauwacken von pleistozänen Hochflächenlehmen und Solifluktionsdecken überlagert werden. Die Bestände werden anhand von pflanzensoziologischen Aufnahmen nach BRAUN-BLANQUET dokumentiert und differenziert. Das Galio-Fagetum unterscheidet sich vom Luzulo-Fagetum (Hainsimsen-Buchenwald) durch eine ganze Reihe von Trennarten, größere mittlere Artenzahlen, höhere durchschnittliche Deckungsgrade der Krautschicht und einige feinere floristische Merkmale. Im Untersuchungsgebiet sind zwei Subassoziationen des Galio-Fagetum anzutreffen, das anspruchsvollere Galio-Fagetum typicum und das zum Luzulo-Fagetem überleitende Galio-Fagetum luzuletosum. Diese lassen sich weiter untergliedern in eine leicht verhagerte wechseltrockene Flieracium sylvaticum-Variante, eine frische Typische Variante bzw. Hordelymus europaeus-Variante, eine sickerfeuchte Dryopteris filix-mas-Variante und eine stau- bzw. wechselfeuchte Deschampsia cespitosa-Variante. Anreicherungsstandorte mit dicker Fallaubdecke sind durch Massenbestände von Festuca altissima gekennzeichnet. Ferner läßt sich eine collin-submontane Form mit Rubus fruticosus agg. von einer montanen Form mit Polygonatum verticillatum unterscheiden. Geographisch können die Bestände des Galio-Fagetum innerhalb der subatlantischen Ilexaquifolium-Rasse der nordmitteleuropäischen Melica uniflora-Ausbildung zugeordnet werden.
Im nordrhein-westfälischen Teil der Eifel (Nordeifel) ist das Luzulo-Fagetum Meusel 1937 aufgrund der geologischen und edaphischen Gegebenheiten die kennzeichnende Waldgesellschaft der Potentiellen natürlichen Vegetation. Die rezenten Bestände wurden anhand von 130 Aufnahmen nach Braun-Blanquet dokumentiert und differenziert. Demnach sind in diesem Teil der Eifel das Luzulo-Fagetum typicum und das auf reichere Wuchsorte beschränkte Luzulo-Fagetum milietosum anzutreffen. Innerhalb dieser Bestände wird auf sickerfeuchten Standorten eine Variante von Athyrium filix-femina, auf stau- bzw. wechselfeuchten hingegen eine Variante mit Deschampsia cespitosa erkennbar. Luvseitige Aushagerungsstandorte sind durch Avenella flexuosa, leeseitige Anreicherungsstandorte mit dicker Fallaub-Auflage durch Festuca altissima gekennzeichnet. Geographisch können die Bestände der nordmitteleuropäischen Ausbildung der subatlantischen Rasse des Luzulo-Fagetum zugeordnet werden.
Background: The increasing number of cases and hospital admissions due to COVID-19 created an urgent need for rapid, reliable testing procedures for SARS-CoV-2 in Emergency Departments (ED) in order to effectively manage hospital resources, allocate beds and prevent nosocomial spread of infection. The ID NOW™ COVID-19 assay is a simple, user-friendly, rapid molecular test run on an instrument with a small footprint enabling point-of-care diagnostics.
Methods: In the first wave, outsourced RT-PCR testing regularly required 36-48 hours before results were available. This prospective study was conducted in the second wave (October 2020-April 2021) and evaluated the impact the implementation of the ID NOW™ COVID-19 test in the ED had on clinical care processes and patient pathways. 710 patients were recruited upon arrival at the ED which included those presenting clinical symptoms, asymptomatic individuals or persons fulfilling epidemiological criteria. The first anterior nasal swab was taken by trained nurses in the ambulance or a separate consultation room. The ID NOW™ COVID-19 test was performed in the ED in strict compliance with the manufacturer’s instructions and positive or suspected cases were additionally tested with RT_PCR (cobas SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR, Roche) following collection of a second nasopharyngeal NP specimen.
Results: Swabs directly tested with the ID NOW™ COVID-19 test showed a diagnostic concordance of 98 % (sensitivity 99.59 %, specificity 94.55 %, PPV 97.6 %, NPV 99.05 %) compared to RT-PCR as reference. The 488 patients that tested positive with the ID NOW™ COVID-19 had a Ct range in RT-PCR results between 7.94 to 37.42 (in 23.2 % > 30). Two false negative results (0.28%) were recorded from patients with Ct values > 30. 14 (1.69%) discordant results were reviewed case-by-case and usually associated with either very early or very advanced stages of infection. Furthermore, patients initially negative with the ID NOW™ COVID-19 test and admitted to the hospital were tested again on days 5 and 12: no patient became positive.
Discussion: The ID NOW™ COVID-19 test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated excellent diagnostic agreement with RT-PCR under the above-mentioned patients pathways implemented during the second wave. The main advantage of the system was the provision of reliable results within a few minutes. This not only allowed immediate initiative of appropriate therapy and care for COVID-19 (patient benefit) but provided essential information on isolation and thus available beds. This drastically helped the overall finances of the department and additionally allowed more patients to be admitted including those requiring immediate attention; this was not possible during the first wave since beds were blocked waiting for diagnostic confirmation. Our findings also show that when interpreting the results, the clinical condition and epidemiological history of the patient must be taken into account, as with any test procedure. Overall, the ID NOW™ COVID-19 test for SARS-CoV-2 provided a rapid and reliable alternative to laboratory-based RT-PCR in the real clinical setting which became an acceptable part of the daily routine within the ED and demonstrated that early patient management can mitigate the impact of the pandemic on the hospital.