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Die interdisziplinär ausgerichtete Tagung widmete sich in vier Sektionen (1. Entwicklung und Ausdifferenzierung der Wissenschaften, 2. Verlage und Verleger als Wissenschaftsvermittler, 3. Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeiten, 4. Wissenschaft und Spezialbetriebe) der Frage nach der Interdependenz von Wissenschaftsverlagen und dem Grad der Entwicklung und Etablierung der jeweiligen Disziplinen in den Kultur- und Naturwissenschaften im 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert. Der Grundtenor war die zunehmende Spezialisierung der Wissenschaftsdisziplinen, an deren Bedürfnissen nach Lehr- oder Handbüchern, Textausgaben, Zeitschriften oder Forschungsberichten sich die Verleger orientierten. Die unterschiedlichen Disziplinengeschichten bestimmtem die Handlungsmuster der Verleger, ihre Rolle in den jeweiligen Wissenschaftsorganisationen sowie ihre Filterfunktion im wissenschaftlichen Feld. Dabei stellte sich die Frage nach der Verortung des Verlegers im wissenschaftlichen Feld für die einzelnen Fächer immer neu. Der zweite Aspekt war der Adressatenkreis, der entweder selbstreferenziell nur aus dem Kreis der Wissenschaftler bestehen konnte oder aber eine größere Öffentlichkeit intendierte, da der rein wissenschaftliche Markt sehr begrenzt war. Dadurch öffnete sich die Schere zwischen der angestrebten Professionalisierung und der oft notwendigen Popularisierung. Es zeigte sich aber, dass die Bemühungen um Öffnung der wissenschaftlichen Zirkel meist nur das gebildete Bürgertum ereichten, nicht aber "das Volk" oder die sozialen Unterschichten. ...
Das persönliche Engagement des Verlegers betonte auch Frank Bernstein (Mainz) auch in dem er das Verhältnis von Hirzels Schwager, Karl Reimer, zu seinem Autor Theodor Mommsen darstellte, dessen "Römische Geschichte" (1854 bis 1856) Reimer verlegte. ...
Background: Lithium has proven suicide preventing effects in the long-term treatment of patients with affective disorders. Clinical evidence from case reports indicate that this effect may occur early on at the beginning of lithium treatment. The impact of lithium treatment on acute suicidal thoughts and/or behavior has not been systematically studied in a controlled trial. The primary objective of this confirmatory study is to determine the association between lithium therapy and acute suicidal ideation and/or suicidal behavior in inpatients with a major depressive episode (MDE, unipolar and bipolar disorder according to DSM IV criteria). The specific aim is to test the hypothesis that lithium plus treatment as usual (TAU), compared to placebo plus TAU, results in a significantly greater decrease in suicidal ideation and/or behavior over 5 weeks in inpatients with MDE.
Methods/Design: We initiated a randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Patients with the diagnosis of a moderate to severe depressive episode and suicidal thoughts and/or suicidal behavior measured with the Sheehan-Suicidality-Tracking Scale (S-STS) will be randomly allocated to add lithium or placebo to their treatment as usual. Change in the clinician administered S-STS from the initial to the final visit will be the primary outcome.
Discussion: There is an urgent need to identify treatments that will acutely decrease suicidal ideation and/or suicidal behavior. The results of this study will demonstrate whether lithium reduces suicidal ideation and behavior within the first 5 weeks of treatment.
Introduction: The German PID-NET registry was founded in 2009, serving as the first national registry of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Germany. It is part of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registry. The primary purpose of the registry is to gather data on the epidemiology, diagnostic delay, diagnosis, and treatment of PIDs.
Methods: Clinical and laboratory data was collected from 2,453 patients from 36 German PID centres in an online registry. Data was analysed with the software Stata® and Excel.
Results: The minimum prevalence of PID in Germany is 2.72 per 100,000 inhabitants. Among patients aged 1–25, there was a clear predominance of males. The median age of living patients ranged between 7 and 40 years, depending on the respective PID. Predominantly antibody disorders were the most prevalent group with 57% of all 2,453 PID patients (including 728 CVID patients). A gene defect was identified in 36% of patients. Familial cases were observed in 21% of patients. The age of onset for presenting symptoms ranged from birth to late adulthood (range 0–88 years). Presenting symptoms comprised infections (74%) and immune dysregulation (22%). Ninety-three patients were diagnosed without prior clinical symptoms. Regarding the general and clinical diagnostic delay, no PID had undergone a slight decrease within the last decade. However, both, SCID and hyper IgE- syndrome showed a substantial improvement in shortening the time between onset of symptoms and genetic diagnosis. Regarding treatment, 49% of all patients received immunoglobulin G (IgG) substitution (70%—subcutaneous; 29%—intravenous; 1%—unknown). Three-hundred patients underwent at least one hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Five patients had gene therapy.
Conclusion: The German PID-NET registry is a precious tool for physicians, researchers, the pharmaceutical industry, politicians, and ultimately the patients, for whom the outcomes will eventually lead to a more timely diagnosis and better treatment.