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Venezuela’s diverse land ecosystems are grouped into four major regions (coast-islands, low plains, hills and mountains), ranging from sea level up to 4978 m. The Scarabaeinae (Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera) currently encompass 278 genera and 6837 species worldwide, but are poorly inventoried in Venezuela. We reviewed the literature and the material housed at the entomological collection of the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (CEMT), Cuiabá, Brazil, and found 32 genera and 149 species of dung beetles as certainly present in Venezuela. Twenty-four of these species are, as far as current knowledge goes, endemic to the country, while another 34 are restricted to Venezuela and the neighbouring countries of Colombia, Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana. Additionally, 36 species are deemed potential inhabitants of the country, whilst 14 others previously recorded in the literature as part of the Venezuelan fauna are here concluded not to be actually present there. Complete literature is listed for each genus and species, and information on type material, material examined, worldwide distribution, and Venezuelan records is also presented.
The Afrotropical hoverflies belonging to the genus Mallota Meigen, 1822 (Diptera: Syrphidae) are revised. Ten species are recognized, of which four are new to science: Mallota glabra sp. nov., M. hircus sp. nov., M. wyatti sp. nov. and M. stipulata sp. nov. Merodon edentulus Macquart, 1855 is considered a junior synonym of Eristalis dasyops Wiedemann, 1819. Lectotypes are designated for Eristalis dasyops, Merodon edentulus, Mallota pachymera Bezzi, 1915 and Helophilus extremus Loew, 1858. The taxonomic history of the placement and identity of the different species of Mallota is presented. Their relationships, as well as affiliations with Afrotropical representatives of the genera Eristalis Latreille, 1804 and Myathropa Rondani, 1845, is briefly discussed based on morphological and DNA barcode data.
This paper describes a new genus and species of Achilidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) Achiplecton stilleri gen. et sp. nov from the newly established tribe Achiplectini trib. nov. This tribe belongs to one of three Achilidae subfamilies, Myconinae, and is found solely in the West Cape of Southern Africa. The whole region is thought to be one the of the Earths most biologically diverse areas, also characterized by the phylogenetic antiquity of its invertebrates. Morphological peculiarities of the new achilids are discussed, especially modification of the head capsule presenting the ‘laternarisation syndrome’, which is unique in Achilidae, and tegmina modifications, without the postclaval lobe overlapping.
Four new species of Zanna Kirkaldy, 1902 are described: two from Cambodia, Z. chartieri Constant sp. nov. from Tatai in Koh Kong Province and Z. limbourgi Constant sp. nov. from Phnom Aural Wildlife Sanctuary in Kampong Speu Province and Kbal Spean in Siem Reap Province, and two from Vietnam: Z. bidoupana sp. nov. from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park in Lam Dong Province and Z. kusamae sp. nov. from Dong Nai Biosphere Reserve in Dong Nai Province. Illustrations of the holotypes and male genitalia, photographs of live specimens and nymphs, a distribution map and host plants records are provided. The type of Zanna chinensis (Distant, 1893) is also illustrated for comparison. The genus Zanna now contains 37 species.
The identification of females of Agapostemon angelicus Cockerell and A. texanus Cresson has been a longstanding problem, with females of the two species considered morphologically indistinguishable. Prompted by recent collections in Minnesota that unexpectedly revealed the presence of A. angelicus as well as a cryptic form of A. texanus, we reassess the taxonomy of the “doubly punctate” Agapostemon species in both Minnesota and the broader United States. Examination of both new and old specimens has allowed us to identify A. angelicus females morphologically, and we reinstate A. subtilior Cockerell stat. rev. from synonymy with A. texanus. We recognize a number of new synonyms of A. subtilior that were formerly considered synonyms of A. texanus: A. borealis Crawford syn. nov., A. californicus Crawford syn. nov., A. texanus vandykei Cockerell syn. nov., A. californicus psammobius syn. nov., A. angelicus idahoensis syn. nov., and A. californicus clementinus syn. nov. We provide keys and diagnoses to allow for morphological identification of A. angelicus, A. subtilior, and A. texanus. We show that A. texanus s. s. has a relatively restricted range in the prairie region of the United States, with A. subtilior making up the bulk of what was formerly considered A. texanus. We further show that A. angelicus has a more extensive range than previously thought. Additional work remains, as there are a number of gaps in the known ranges of these species and more taxonomic work is required in the A. texanus complex south of the United States.
Apoidea, cryptic species, identification key, Halictinae, America
The poorly studied orthocentrine genus Stenomacrus Förster, 1869 is reported from Kenya and Burundi for the first time. Eight new species are described and illustrated: S. clypeatus sp. nov. from Burundi as well as S. communis sp. nov., S. glabratus sp. nov., S. luteus sp. nov., S. pronotalis sp. nov., S. scutellaris sp. nov., S. valvator sp. nov., and S. vuriaensis sp. nov. from Kenya. An identification key to species occurring in Africa and adjacent territories is provided.
The limno-terrestrial tardigrade fauna of Argentina has been investigated methodically and with modern criteria just in the last two decades, but current knowledge is still incomplete. So far, about 119 limno-terrestrial species are known for the country, of which only 6 belong to the genus Minibiotus R.O. Schuster, 1980. Until 1988, this genus was monotypic, with only Minibiotus intermedius (Plate, 1888), but today the number of species of the genus has risen to 55. In the present contribution, we describe with an integrated approach (PCM, SEM, morphometry and DNA analysis with COI, ITS2, 18S and 28S genes) a new species of Minibiotus from Salta City (Argentina). Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. has ten transverse bands of variously shaped cuticular pores, arranged in transverse rows, with differences between smaller and larger specimens. Three macroplacoids and a microplacoid are present in the pharynx. The eggs have small conical processes and granulated chorion. The new species is morphologically and morphometrically well differentiated from all other species of the genus, and genetically from the up to date sequenced species. The new species description gave the occasion to broaden knowledge on taxonomy, morphology and faunistics of the genus Minibiotus, and on the tardigrade fauna of Argentina and the Neotropical region.
Within the leaf-beetle subfamily Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Aproida Pascoe, 1863 (Aproidini) from Australia has been considered a transitional genus between mining cassidines (“hispines”) and exophagous cassidines (“tortoise beetles”). To illuminate this transition, a detailed study was conducted over one year of the biology of Aproida balyi Pascoe, 1863 on the host plant, Eustrephus latifolius R. Br. ex Ker-Gawl (Asparagaceae). Distribution maps of the host plant and three Aproida species are provided. The life cycle of A. balyi comprises single eggs in a foamy ootheca, three larval instars that feed openly, a pupa suspended from the larva III exuvia, and sexually dimorphic adults. The larva’s green color resembling the host and the narrow body fitted to the narrowed leaf blade allow them to camouflage. They possess a single long caudal process, unlike the paired processes of most other tortoise beetles. Fecal pellets are observed sometimes on this process, but accumulation is rare and lacks the permanent structure of exuvio-fecal shields that distinguishes the ten tribes of tortoise beetles. The larvae exhibit adhesive lobes on the abdominal sternites that appear to help their locomotion, a novel feature in Cassidinae. The pupa is suspended from the larva III exuviae and together they resemble the host’s pendant flower buds, suggesting mimicry. Males have the profemora and protibiae toothed. Both sexes can fly, unlike flightless Aproida cribrata Lea, 1929. These many morphological and behavioral findings contribute potential novel characters that underscore the aberrant nature of Aproidini within Cassidinae and point to another Australian evolutionary oddity.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:025EBD5A-4914-47FE-A33C-1A668B2F440C
Two new species of Agrilus Curtis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), A. botzi Woodley, new species and A. vachellia Woodley new species, both from southeastern Arizona, are described. Agrilus barri Hespenheide and Westcott and Taphrocerus leoni Dugès are recorded from Arizona and represent new U.S. records. Sixteen new state distributional records are presented, along with a few other significant records.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A187E9C8-5BB0-4F70-BA66-27233387504C
The Encyclopedia of Scale Insect Pests was published in 2022 by CABI Publishing. Some errors and omissions in Chapter 2, Table 2 have been brought to the attention of the Encyclopedia editors; since some of them have plant quarantine implications, they are corrected in this article.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0D4F6D41-B8F8-4FB8-B002-609FA838C817
