070 Publizistische Medien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen
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Orientation: The purpose of this editorial was to provide an introduction and a general overview of the special issue on Open Science Practices: A Vision for the Future of SAJIP, as hosted in the 45th edition of the South African Journal of Industrial Psychology (SAJIP). Specifically, the aim was to provide a viable, practical and implementable strategy for enhancing the scientific credibility, transparency and international stature of SAJIP.
Anfang Februar veröffentlichte die Pressestelle der Goethe-Universität die Meldung „In der Stadt bauen Kaninchen dichter: Große Bauten für die ländliche Großfamilie, kleine Bauten für das städtische Pärchen.“ Die Meldung beruhte auf einem Fachartikel der Arbeitsgruppe Ökologie und Evolution im Journal of Zoology. Rasend schnell verbreitete sich die Meldung in den Medien – wir haben Madlen Ziege, Doktorandin in der Arbeitsgruppe Ökologie und Evolution einmal danach befragt, wie die Forschung mit populären oder besser: popularisierten Meldungen umgeht.
Social media, asthe fifth estate, increasingly influence public dis-courses and play a major role in shaping public opinion.Undoubt-edly, they have the potential to promote participation and democra-cy. On the other side, they also constitute a risk for democratic soci-eties, as the spread of hate speech and fake news has shown. As aresponse,forms of counterspeech organisedby civil society have emerged in social media to counter the normalisation of hate speech and democracy-threateningdiscourses. In order to influence dis-course in social media in terms of the fifth estate, counterspeech campaigns must be visible alsoquantitatively. In this ethnographic contrastive study, I analysed the activitiesof the German and Finn-ish Facebook groups of the network #iamhere international. The in-tensity and continuity of their activities is obviously influenced by their strategic organisation: conventionalised rules support them whereas lacking or inconsequent rules seemed to be counterpro-ductive.
Hallin and Mancini’s seminal work Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and
Politics has generated great interest and enthusiasm among media scholars to advance comparative
studies by applying the four dimensions to analyze media performance in different countries. Media
scholars agree that the four variables suggested by the two authors, i.e. the structure of media
markets, political parallelism, role of the state, and professionalization of journalism, provide a
good theoretical framework for the analysis of relationship between political and media system.
Their models for comparing media systems are based on a ‘most similar’ strategy,
analysing media and journalism only in stable Western democracies (i.e. Western European and
North American nations), and the purpose of the research presented in this paper was to develop
the model to include other parts of the world as well.
The most recent attempts to integrate East Central European media systems into the Hallin
and Mancini model, the conclusion being that the East Central European media share most
similarities with the Polarized Pluralist model. This conclusion follows not only Hallin and
Mancini, but also Splichal. The researcher in his earlier works argued that the changes in post-
Soviet media systems could be best explained by referring to the concept of Italianization - the
media are under strong state control, the degree of mass media partisanship is strong, low level of
journalistic professionalism, commercialization.
In fact, out of the three models only two (the Liberal and the Democratic Corporatist
model) are models in any strict sense, whereas the third - Polarized Pluralism - is better defined
as the lack of a model: the Liberal and Democratic Corporatist model are both built on a
consensus around core values, whereas the key feature of the Polarized Pluralism model is that
there is no consensus and no core values. De Albuquerque introduced other variables that also
would be highly relevant to the comparative analysis of media systems, but that have no place in
the Hallin & Mancini framework, the most important one being whether the political system is
presidential or parliamentary. For example, it has been demonstrated that media in presidential systems are more likely to focus on individual politicians and the administrative aspects of
government, as well as acting as an intermediary between different branches of government, than
are media in parliamentary systems.
Scholars dealing with the East Central Europe (and elsewhere) are too interested in fitting
their respective nations to one of the three models, rather than focusing on the variables and on the
comparative dimension. The scholars focus on the variables and on the comparative dimension: it
is strucking that their conclusions are precisely that a strict modeling approach (i.e. trying to fit
any given nation into the three-system model) is not enough if we want to understand media
system differences properly.
Hallin and Mancini (2004: 305) write that “The Democratic Corporatist Model, we suspect,
will have particularly strong relevance for the analysis of those parts of Eastern and Central
Europe that share much of the same historical development, like Poland, Hungary, the Czech
Republic, and the Baltic States”. At the same time, however, they suspect that scholars working on
the East Central European media will find much that is relevant in their analysis of the
Mediterranean region.
The recent attempts integrate East Central European media systems into the Hallin and
Mancini model, the conclusion being that the East Central European media share most similarities
with the Polarized Pluralist model. This conclusion follows not only Hallin and Mancini, but also
Splichal. The researcher in his earlier works argued that the changes in post-Soviet media systems
could be best explaind by referring to the concept of Italianization - including the role of
clientelism, the strong role of the state, the role of the media as an instrument of political struggle,
and a low level of journalistic professionalism.
The Polarized Pluralist model all too often seems to be the default model – what is really
gained, analytically, by saying that post-Communist countries are all basically Polarized Pluralist
media system when they are different in many ways. This question needs further elaboration.
Instead of fitting the Italianization model into East Central Europe, scholars should start working on their own model, introducing other variables, that would allow them to investigate the
media in the region adequately.
Klingsoriana : Poetisches aus dem Umfeld einer Kulturzeitschrift und ihres Redakteurs Harald Krasser
(2016)
The term „Klingsoriana“ from the title of the article is a derivative of the name "Klingsor", the legendary minstrel of the Middle Ages; and of its cultural heritage, the magazine Klingsor. It appeared monthly in the years 1924-1939, first in Braşov, later in Sibiu, being the most significant interwar German cultural periodical in Transylvania for a decade and a half. The derivative describes the documentary background of the publications, sources, manuscripts, partly unpublished or inaccessible printed material, almost everything that was once in the gravitational field of the journal. References from the inheritance of the editor Harald Krasser are selected, particularly those pages that refer to native German poetry written during the last publication period of the magazine. Mentioned are names of poets of those times and of some connoisseurs and promoters of poetry, as well as of historiographers concerned with the literature of the first half of the twentieth century.
Schlagen wir an einem beliebigen Tag die Fernsehzeitung auf, begegnet uns auf mindestens einem Fernsehsender eine kriminalpathologische Serie. Die Faszination des Menschen am Tod lässt dieses Format wie Pilze aus dem Boden schießen. Doch woher kommt die Lust am Morbiden? Einen emotionalen Zusammenhang kann es nicht geben, da es sich nur um fiktive Personen handelt. Doch wenn die persönliche Trauer keine Rolle spielt, warum schauen sich dann so viele Menschen Leichen in Film und Fernsehen an? Vielleicht ist es die Angst vor dem Unbekannten, vor dem Tod, die uns dazu treibt. Der Mensch strebt auf diese Weise danach, Erfahrungen mit dem Tod zu sammeln, in dem er versucht den Objekten des Todes, also den Toten, nahe zu kommen. Es ist ein Versuch mit dem Unausweichlichen umzugehen. Doch finden wir den inszenierten Tod nicht nur im Abendprogramm des Privatfernsehens. Häufig begegnet er uns auch in den Nachrichten besonders detailreich, wenn es sich dabei um den Tod eines Machthabers handelt. Der inszenierte Tod begegnet uns zum Beispiel in den verschiedenen Aufnahmen von der Hinrichtung Sadam Husseins. Die Präsentation dieser Bilder in den Medien hat noch eine weitere Dimension und um die soll es in der vorliegenden Arbeit gehen...
Vortrag im Rahmen des Symposiums der Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main in Kooperation mit der Frankfurter Buchmesse 2011 "Economy and Acceptance of Open Access Strategies", am 14.10.2011.