Produktive Fehler, konstruktive Missverständnisse = Erreurs productives, malentendus constructifs (Colloquium Helveticum ; 46.2017)
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The erroneous translation of Aristotle's Poetics by the famous Andalusi philosopher Averroes seems to be one the fundamental reasons why an autochthon Arab theater appeared quite late, namely after the Napoleonic campaign of 1798 in Egypt which started an extensive process of acculturation between the Arab countries and the West. Our contribution will explore the first theatrical experience in the Arab world, that of the Lebanese Mārūn Naqqāš (1817-1855): as every initial experiment, his attempt is inevitably voted to errors and misunderstandings. The analysis of errors will allow us to reflect on the new readings and interpretations of Western theatrical heritage made by the first Arabic drama.
Some errors are simply annoying, others are productive. Errors are productive when they function as triggers for processes that let the mistake appear as a chance to discover new perspectives or approaches to a solution. Productive errors suggest that the criteria for judging what seems right or wrong themselves should and have to be understood as mutable, since cultural processes of development cannot be thought in any other way. The article investigates what the productivity of errors can imply in the field of literature. Both literary examples discussed (Benjamin, Guggenmos) make recourse to the idea of a childhood of language: What might appear as an error to adults can indicate the beginning of a productive, linguistically sensitive engagement with the world for children (or for adults who can carry their minds back to that condition).
This article analyzes some cases of lack of understanding as well as of misunderstandings and errors, voluntary or otherwise, which punctuate the sessions of French- Russian Studio, an important place of intellectual and cultural exchanges between Russian émigrés and French intellectuals between the Wars. These errors and misunderstandings turn out to be rather productive ones, leading sometimes to lively discussions. Two notions, humanism and intellectualism, become a real stumbling block to debates: being regularly referred to at the sessions devoted to Gide, Valéry, Proust and Descartes, they are differently interpreted by Russian and French debators. This reflects not only the explicit difficulties in translation of philosophical and cultural notions but also some implicit discrepancies in production of meaning.
Etymology plays a central role for Charles Olson's poetics. Based on the assumption that language precedes individual speakers and thereby always carries its long history and the traces of those who spoke it before with it, Olson's approach to it is archeological. At the same time, his work as a poet is directed towards to the future: he writes at the avant-gardist Black Mountain College and demands a new American poetry, designated as "projective verse". Conjoining these two temporal directions, Olson claims "I am an archeologist of morning". One way of paving the way for a 'poetry of morning' is uncovering the origins of words and going back to their etymological roots. Thereby, it is important to note that Olson's etymologies are mostly faulty or simplified. Often, they turn out to be quotes he found in other works. By integrating the fishy etymologies in his own writing and handling them creatively, Olson endows the words' supposed history with something new and readers who trace the wrong etymological tracks are encouraged to capture an immediate impetus of language in action. Thus, Olson's 'etymons' go hand in hand with the poetological implications of projective verse.
Le présent article est consacré à la controverse sur la composition des pantoufles dans le conte Cendrillon ou la petite pantoufle de verre de Charles Perrault. A l'origine de cette controverse, Balzac fait parler un de ses personnages (un pelletier) qui propose de remplacer "verre" par "vair " (petit-gris, écureuil) et qui pense ainsi corriger ce qui lui semble être une erreur. La présente contribution propose une lecture qui permet de déceler une logique de substitution dans le texte de Perrault, logique qui suit le long des deux chaînes sémantiques "mère (morte) – cendre – vair" et "verre – grâce – marraine".
Des critiques et écrivains de nouvelles ont défendu l'idée que la brieveté et un unique moment de clarté sont les éléments essentiels du format court typique de la nouvelle. Cependant, la nouvelle postcoloniale est plurielle, polyphonique et versatile, et elle a tendance à s'appuyer sur le désaccord culturel, social, et linguistique. Ce chapitre examine la traduction et l'échec de celle-ci dans l'oeuvre de deux nouvellistes prolifiques qui viennent des deux différentes traditions postcoloniales : Nadine Gordimer et Anita Desai. La prémisse de mon argument est que les nouvelles de ces écrivains ont pour la plupart lieu dans des espaces périphériques, par exemple des villages et des avant-postes. Elles dramatisent une forme de processus postcolonial de désengagement des centres de pouvoir en explorant et en remettant en question des hiérarchies discursives. Cette renégociation implique la présence de perspectives multiples et de subjectivités plurielles, de même qu'elle insiste sur des traductions problématiques et des malentendus surgissant en leur sein. Par l'étude de textes de Gordimer et Desai, ce chapitre considère plusieurs formes de malentendus – fausses représentations, mécompréhension, traductions erronées et obstructions linguistiques – qui ses présentent dans deux nouvelles. Il ressort de cette analyse que les malentendus sont susceptibles de devenir les instruments de l'expression d'une résistance dans les sites hégémoniques de la langue et du pouvoir.
The notion of world literature is often understood as a global distribution of literary forms and structures from Europe to the rest of the globe. Under the premise that non- European literatures don't just reproduce European forms, but reinterpret and change them in the process of adaptation, world literature can be defined as a "productive misunderstanding". This article attempts to show that Orhan Pamuk's novel "Masumiyet Müzesi" ("Museum of Innocence") is in this sense a productive appropriation of European forms of the novel. Pamuk's novel is a narration about the modernization of Turkey in the 20th century, which is depicted as a chain of faulty imitation that nevertheless creates something new. Similarly, the "Museum of Innocence" is characterized by an abundance of intertextual relations to the tradition of European novel (e. g., to Proust's texts), which, however creates a "productive misunderstanding".