The 10 most recently published documents
Om Part 2, individual Christian songs are examined for their theological content. It will be shown that she sang the gospel of the free grace of God, which is identical with the name of Jesus. Unlike most churches, the law of God does not violate the gospel. The Christian songs therefore belong to a worldwide resistance movement that does not submit to the moralistic ideology of works-based righteousness.
In Part 1, the philosophy of religion, theological and cultural-theoretical prerequisites of Christian Songs are first dealt with. To this end, the terms religion, religious culture, culture, mythology, and beliefs are clarified. In the next step, Martin Luther's Protestant perspective on existence is presented in more detail. This is because Martin Luther's religious doctrine forms the theological basis of Christian Songs, but is not particularly well known to the public, which is determined by the Zeitgeist, or has recently been distorted. Finally, to understand the worldwide success of the singing movement, its performance is briefly addressed. In the second part, selected Christian hymns are analyzed to see to what extent they reflect the Protestant understanding of existence in the sense of Martin Luther, especially the theological principles sola gratia - by grace alone - and sola fide - by faith alone.
Highlights
• 307 chemicals identified, 18 proposed for regular monitoring and abatement.
• Forty-six chemicals detected in >50 % of the sites.
• Ecotoxicological risk on aquatic organisms driven by pesticides.
• Dry seasons pose high risk for crustaceans and algae.
• Seasonal variation of chemical occurrence and concentrations reported.
Abstract
The release of chemicals into the environment presents a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems dependent on the proximity to emission sources and seasonal dynamics of emission and mobilization. While spatial-temporal information on water pollution in Europe is increasing, there are substantial knowledge gaps on seasonal pollution dynamics in tropical countries. Thus, we took Lake Victoria South Basin in western Kenya as a case study to identify spatial and seasonal hot spots of contamination, quantified toxic risks to different groups of organisms, and identified seasonal risk drivers. For this purpose, we analyzed grab water samples from five rivers with agricultural and wastewater treatment plants in their catchment in four different seasons. We used liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) with a target list of 785 organic micropollutants. A total of 307 compounds were detected with concentrations ranging from 0.3 ng/L to 6.6 μg/L. Using a Toxic Unit (TU) approach based on mixture toxicity to standard test organisms, crustaceans were identified as the most affected group followed by algae and fish. For crustaceans, chronic risk thresholds were exceeded in 96 % of all the samples, while 56 % of all samples are expected to be acutely toxic, with the highest risk in February during the dry season. High toxic unit values for algae and fish were recorded in July dry season and May wet season. Diazinon, imidacloprid, clothianidin and pirimiphos-methyl were the major drivers for crustacean toxicity while triclosan and different herbicide mixtures drive risks to algae in dry and wet seasons, respectively. A total of 18 chemicals were found to exceed acute and chronic environmental risk thresholds. With this study, strong spatial-temporal patterns of pollution, risks and risk drivers could be confirmed informing prioritization of monitoring and abatement to enhance water quality and reduce toxic risks.
Synergistic interaction between a toxicant and food stress is further exacerbated by temperature
(2024)
Highlights
• Interaction between one chemical and two non-chemical stressors was studied.
• Food limitation and elevated temperature showed additive interactions.
• Environmental stressors substantially increase the effects of esfenvalerate.
• Multiple stressors induced strong latent synergistic effects.
• Combined effects of multiple stressors were predicted by the Stress Addition Model.
Abstract
Global biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate in response to multiple environmental stressors. Effective biodiversity management requires deeper understanding of the relevant mechanisms behind such ecological impacts. A key challenge is understanding synergistic interactions between multiple stressors and predicting their combined effects. Here we used Daphnia magna to investigate the interaction between a pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate and two non-chemical environmental stressors: elevated temperature and food limitation. We hypothesized that the stressors with different modes of action can act synergistically. Our findings showed additive effects of food limitation and elevated temperature (25 °C, null model effect addition (EA)) with model deviation ratio (MDR) ranging from 0.7 to 0.9. In contrast, we observed strong synergistic interactions between esfenvalerate and food limitation at 20 °C, considerably further amplified at 25 °C. Additionally, for all stress combinations, the synergism intensified over time indicating the latent effects of the pesticide. Consequently, multiple stress substantially reduced the lethal concentration of esfenvalerate by a factor of 19 for the LC50 (0.45–0.024 μg/L) and 130 for the LC10 (0.096–0.00074 μg/L). The stress addition model (SAM) predicted increasing synergistic interactions among stressors with increasing total stress.
Highlights
• We compared effects of sequential vs. single-pulse exposure on Daphnia magna.
• Mortality of sequential exposure could be predicted by concentration addition.
• Population growth rate at high concentrations also followed concentration addition.
• At low concentrations single exposure caused a hormetic response.
• Sequential exposure suppressed the hormetic responses in population growth rate.
Abstract
Sequential pesticide exposure is a common scenario in both aquatic and terrestrial agricultural ecosystems. Predicting the effects of such exposures is therefore highly relevant for improving risk assessment. However, there is currently no information available for predicting the effects of sequential exposure to the same toxicant at both high and low concentrations. Here we exposed one-week-old individuals of Daphnia magna to the pyrethroid Esfenvalerate for 24 h and compared the effects with individuals treated twice with half the concentration after 7 and 14 days. We showed that at the concentrations close to the LC50, both the survival and population growth rate from the two half-pulses were consistent with the concentration addition approach. At low (1/10th to 1/100th of the LC50) and ultra-low concentrations (1/100th to 1/1000th of the LC50), survival was around 100 %, while the population growth rate showed a hormetic increase following the one-pulse exposure but not for the two-pulse exposure. We hypothesize that this hormetic effect is due to lower systemic stress (SyS) after pesticide exposure in combination with only one rebound stress pulse. Our study suggests that while the lethal effects of sequential exposure are according to the concentration addition model, the sublethal effects at low and ultra-low concentrations need to consider hormetic effects.
Highlights
• Increasing incidence of older patients with early breast cancer.
• Incorporation of geriatric assessment important.
• Complex interaction of patient- and tumor-specific factors.
• Positive correlation between a patient's age and the gene expression of the estrogen receptor (ER).
• Reduced effect of chemotherapy in older patients with positive ER.
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer increases with age. Particularly in ageing societies, breast cancer has a significant impact on both the older patient and the healthcare system. In older patients with early breast cancer, there is a complex interplay between (i) tumor biology, (ii) risk of recurrence, (iii) comorbidities, (iv) frailty, (v) life expectancy and (vi) patient expectations and preferences. Our treatment guidelines are often based on large meta-analyses that have shown that (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy improves the survival rate in early breast cancer in general. This is particularly important in triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer, but hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative patients with a higher risk of recurrence also benefit from chemotherapy. However, most studies included younger and carefully selected patients. Since there is a positive correlation between age and estrogen receptor status, as well as between age and the number of concomitant diseases and the tolerability of chemotherapy, it is of great importance to evaluate the effects of additional (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy, especially in older patients with early-stage breast cancer. There are only a few studies in which only older patients with early breast cancer were included. On the whole, they show that older patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative tumors hardly benefit from chemotherapy in addition to endocrine therapy. In these patients, additional chemotherapy should be considered critically when weighing up the potential benefits and harms. However, this critical evaluation should not be confused with abandoning standard chemotherapy when it is feasible and clinically indicated based on geriatric assessment, risk assessment, and patient preference. The aim of our narrative review is to provide a concise overview of the evidence on chemotherapy in older women with breast cancer and place it in the context of geriatric assessment and risk evaluation in older HR-positive, HER2-negative patients with early breast cancer. This in turn should help to critically weigh up the risks and benefits of chemotherapy for the individual older patient with early-stage breast cancer, which should ultimately lead to more individualized and at the same time more evidence-based treatment recommendations that take into account the complex interplay of different and sometimes contradictory patient- and tumor-specific factors.
By analyzing 2.93 fb−1 data collected at the center-of-mass energy s√=3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the semileptonic decay D+→K¯0e+νe to be B(D+→K¯0e+νe)=(8.59±0.14±0.21)% using K¯0→K0S→π0π0, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. Our result is consistent with previous measurements within uncertainties.
Using a sample of (10087±44)×106 J/ψ events collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we search for the decay X(1870)→K+K−η via the J/ψ→ωK+K−η process for the first time. No significant X(1870) signal is observed. The upper limit on the branching fraction of the decay J/ψ→ωX(1870)→ωK+K−η is determined to be 9.55×10−7 at the 90% confidence level. In addition, the branching faction B(J/ψ→ωK+K−η) is measured to be (3.33±0.02(stat.)±0.12(syst.))×10−4.
Wie gestalten sich Reparaturen im Konkreten und was bedeuten sie für die Beziehungen zwischen Menschen und ihrer Umwelt? In dieser Arbeit untersuche ich alltägliche Praktiken der Reparatur und des Selbermachens. Dabei schaue ich darauf, welche Rolle sie für die Beteiligten spielen, wie sie durchgeführt werden, und vor allem, wie sie sich auf Menschen, die Umwelt und das Verhältnis zwischen ihnen und den Dingen auswirken. Hierfür verstehe ich die Welt als eine mehr-als-menschliche, in der vielzählige Lebewesen – nicht nur Menschen – und Dinge zusammenleben und interagieren. Auf Grundlage von ethnografischer Forschung argumentiere ich, dass Reparieren und Selbermachen die Beziehungen zur und Verantwortlichkeiten gegenüber der nicht-menschlichen Umwelt maßgeblich prägen. Ich werde untersuchen, wann Reparaturen und Projekte des Selbermachens erfolgreich sind und warum sie manchmal scheitern. Dabei werden die Grenzen dieser Praktiken deutlich, genauso wie die Mühen, Erfahrungen und Kompetenzen, die für ihre erfolgreiche Durchführung notwendig sind. Des Weiteren werde ich zeigen, dass durch das Reparieren und Selbermachen eine gestalt- und erfahrbare sowie lebendige Umwelt performt wird. Schließlich argumentiere ich, dass Reparaturpraktiken die Reparierenden mitten in komplexen Beziehungen positionieren, die die Unreinheit und Unvollkommenheit sozio-materieller Ordnungen erfahrbar machen. Diese Erkenntnisse fasse ich am Ende in der Formulierung einer spekulativen Ethik der Reparatur und des Selbermachens, inspiriert von María Puig de la Bellacasa (2017), zusammen.