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The mediation of German cultural studies has become a firm component of the foreign language lessons, because without knowledge about the culture of the target language communication cannot succeed. However, the aim of the study of the German cultural study lessons should not be to provide a comprehensive picture for the purposes of the actual study of the culture and geography, but to choose from the contents with the help of which then an intercultural competence can be developed. The concept "German cultural studies" is extended by the component "intercultural", so that now we speak of „German cultural and intercultural studies“. This contribution would like to point out which developments the field „German cultural and intercultural studies“ has taken in Turkey and which role the study of intercultural aspects plays in the German lessons at school and in the teacher advanced training. Furthermore this contribution would like to introduce the teaching draughts which were sketched for the teaching field “German cultural and intercultural studies” in the German teacher training. Moreover, it should be discussed with which subjects and methodical possibilities the learning aim of an intercultural competence can be reached.
Wissenschaft, so heißt es, sei ein Projekt, das auf Erkenntnis zielt. Damit verbunden ist die Vorstellung, daß wir heute mehr wissen als gestern und morgen mehr wissen werden als heute. Die Frage ist nur, ob sich das zu Erkennende auch in diese Gedankenfigur fügt. Wie müßten wir vorgehen, wenn jene weißen Flecken auf der Landkarte des Wissens, welche zu besetzen und zu füllen ein konsti-tutiver Bestandteil wissenschaftlichen Selbstverständnisses ist, eo ipso als Wirklichkeiten anzuerkennen sind, die unerkannte Möglichkeiten in sich bergen? Wie können wir diesen virtuellen Realitäten (im emphatischen Sinne der Prägung, nicht dem geläufigen, der auf einem technizistischen Mißverständnis beruht) gerecht werden, ohne sie durch den fixierenden Zugriff, das Aussagen und Ausmalen, Aufschreiben und Aufzeichnen ihrer Virtualität zu berauben? ...
Predication and equation
(2001)
English is one language where equative sentences and non-equative sentences have a similar surface syntax (but see Heggie 1988 and Moro 1997 for a discussion of more subtle differences). In this paper we address the fact that many other languages appear to use radically different morphological means which seem to map to intuitive differences in the type of predication expressed. We take one such language, Scottish Gaelic, and show that the real difference is not between equative and non-equative sentences, but is rather dependent on whether the predicational head in the structure proposed above is eventive or not.
We show that the aparently odd syntax of “equatives” in this language derives from the fact that they are constructed via a non-eventive Pred head. Since Pred heads cannot combine with non-predicative categories, such as saturated DPs, “equatives” are built up indirectly from a simple predicational structure with a semantically bleached predicate. This approach not only allows us to maintain a strict one-to-one syntax/semantics mapping for predicational syntax, but also for the syntax of DPs. The argument we develop here, then, suggests that the interface between the syntactic and semantic components is maximally economical— one could say perfect.
Konservativ, feministisch, schuldig? : Genderkonzepte in zwei Gedichten von Marie Luise Kaschnitz
(2024)
Marie Luise Kaschnitz' Haltung in Bezug auf Genderkonventionen und -rollen ist ambivalent. Das untersuche ich an zwei Gedichten. Das frühe Gedicht "Grabstele" (1936) zeigt ein stereotypisierendes Genderdenken, das sich auf Oberflächlichkeiten beschränkt. Kaschnitz hat das Gedicht später kritisiert und sich Gedanken über ihre eigene Haltung gemacht. Trotzdem lässt sich auch in "Grabstele" eine subversive Tendenz festmachen, die Sprechinstanz ist nämlich in Bezug auf Gender unterdeterminiert. Kaschnitz imaginierte sie zwar später als weiblich, im Text ist das aber nicht so festgelegt. Der Aufruf zu Subversion und Ungehorsam der Frauen ist im zweiten untersuchten Gedicht "Frauenfunk" (1972) stärker und expliziter. Das liegt unter anderem am historischen Kontext, dieses Gedicht wurde durch den Feminismus geprägt. Beiden Gedichten gemeinsam ist ein essentialistisches Genderkonzept mit bürgerlichen Genderrollen, das sich durch Kaschnitz' Werk zieht.
The Atlas Group created a digital mixed-media archive of contemporary Lebanese history, made up of produced and found documents. These archives look immediately ambiguous: they don't collect historical documents; they actually contain visual artefacts created by the Lebanese artist Walid Raad. These digital mixed-media archives - partly accessible on the web but also physically exhibited and performed - are not intended to preserve the memory of the past, but they become indeed useful to actualize history by giving it back in the form of a historical fiction. What if archives should not deal with memory, but with amnesia? And what kind of historical temporality do they re-activate?
A translation process is often seen as only a simple code exchange, but, in fact, it always requires an adaptation of terms, expressions, and structures, which is not exactly straightforward. This paper describes the process of translating and adapting the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS-MAIN) to Brazilian Portuguese. A brief description of the project, concerning both historic and linguistic aspects, was done in order to emphasize the cultural and linguistic challenges faced during the process.
This paper studies the acquisition process of Spanish verbal morphology in a monolingual child. The study focuses on the period of the first 50 verb lemmas. This covers the period from age 1;7 till 1;10.
The data shows that the verb acquisition process of this Spanish child follows three main stages:
1. A lexical stage in which verbs are only acquired as a lexical element.
2. A syntactic stage in which the verb, still contemplated as a non-split word, becomes the main element in the development of thematic and semantic relations.
3. A morphological stage in which verb suffixes begin to be analysed separately. At this stage, the relationship between form and meaning starts and the functional categories linked to the verb (tense, aspect, agreement, mood... ) begin to be acquired. Just at this moment, the first miniparadigms appear, which suggests that the acquisition process of verb morphology has started.
The first two stages are premorphological and cover in our child the period till 1;9. In the last stage, which begins at 1;10, the child enters the protomorphological stage.
Korean is a generalized classifier language where classifiers are required for numerals to combine with nominals. This paper presents a number construction where the classifier is absent and the numeral appears prenominally. This construction, which I call the classifier-less number construction (Cl-less NC), results in a definite or a partitive reading where the referent must be familiar: ‘the two women’ or ‘two of the women’. In order to account for this, I argue that Korean postnominal number constructions are ambiguous between a plain number construction and a partitive construction. After motivating and proposing an analysis for the partitive structure, I argue that Cl-less NC is derived from the partitive construction, explaining its distributional restriction and the interpretation.
The main theme in the three scenes and one stage theatre play called "Lawyers" which was written by Rolf Hochhuth in 1980 is "death". The date in the play goes back to May 1978 when the body of the Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro was found. In the play, the minister Heilmeyer is a lawyer like his daughter Tina and his prospective son-in-law Dieter. However, Heilmeyer worked as a judge at the times of Hitler's Germany. It is seen that lawyers from two different generations encounter topics like death, death sentence, suicide, right to kill and survive. Hochhuth not only questions his own society with a critical attitude and but also he keeps on becoming the conscience of the society with the chronological narrative and the play in which the ideas are associated. The play is analyzed in the light of the perspectives of social reality and readers.