Doctoral Thesis
Refine
Year of publication
- 2006 (295) (remove)
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (295) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (295)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (295)
Keywords
- Apoptosis (4)
- Cytochromoxidase (4)
- Elektronentransfer (3)
- 5-Lipoxygenase (2)
- Biochemie (2)
- Electron transfer (2)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (2)
- Elektronenspinresonanzspektroskopie (2)
- Entzündung (2)
- Geographie (2)
- Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis (2)
- Immunologie (2)
- Immunreaktion (2)
- Kardiovaskuläre Krankheit (2)
- Kinderheilkunde (2)
- Lymphozyt (2)
- MRI (2)
- Membranprotein (2)
- Membranproteine (2)
- Modellierung (2)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (2)
- Paracoccus denitrificans (2)
- Peptide (2)
- Photon (2)
- Proliferation (2)
- Protonentransfer (2)
- Rotkehlchen (2)
- Schwerionenphysik (2)
- Ubihydrochinon-Cytochrom-c-Reductase (2)
- Zeitprojektionskammer (2)
- 2-DE (1)
- A-Typ-ATPasen (1)
- A1AO ATPase (1)
- AABR (1)
- ACI-Rat (1)
- ACI-Ratte (1)
- ADAM10 (1)
- AFS (1)
- Absatzweg (1)
- Absolute Phase (1)
- Absorptionsspektroskopie (1)
- Adipositas (1)
- Aktivität (1)
- Aktivitätsmuster (1)
- Allergie (1)
- Alpen (1)
- Alpweidrodungen (1)
- Alzheimer-Krankheit (1)
- Alzheimer´s Disease (1)
- Anorganische Synthese (1)
- Anthropologie (1)
- Anthropometrie (1)
- Antikörper (1)
- Antisense-Nucleinsäuren (1)
- Antisense-Oligonucleotide (1)
- Apoptose (1)
- Approximationsgüte (1)
- Arbeitsplatz / Stress (1)
- Archaea (1)
- Archaebakterien (1)
- Artenreichtum (1)
- Arteriosklerose (1)
- Artifizielle Ribonucleasen (1)
- Atmungskette (1)
- Atoll (1)
- Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Aufmerksamkeitskomponenten (1)
- Autoimmune Disease (1)
- Autoimmunität (1)
- Außenpolitik (1)
- Azide (1)
- B-Lymphocytes (1)
- B-Lymphozyten (1)
- BMI (1)
- BOPTA (1)
- Ballon (1)
- Bangalore (1)
- Basedow-Krankheit (1)
- Bcl-2 Family Proteins (1)
- Bcl-2 Proteine (1)
- Bedienstrategie (1)
- Belastungskenngrößen (1)
- Belize (1)
- Benin (1)
- Bewegungsangebote (1)
- Bewegungstherapie (1)
- Binary encounter approximation (1)
- Bindungsaffinität (1)
- Bioenergetik (1)
- Biotechnologie (1)
- Biposiekomplikationen (1)
- Bivalentes Ion (1)
- Bivalven-Vergesellschaftung (1)
- Black Lipid Membrane (1)
- Bletilla striata (1)
- Blut (1)
- Blut-Hirn-Schranke (1)
- Blutflußumkehr (1)
- Bodenerosion (1)
- Bodenkunde (1)
- Bodycomposition (1)
- Bodyfat (1)
- Bororganische Verbindungen (1)
- Boswelliasäuren (1)
- Breast cancer (1)
- Bronchialkrebs (1)
- Brustkrebs (1)
- Burkina Faso (1)
- Börse (1)
- C-reaktives Protein (1)
- CX-2 (1)
- Carotis (1)
- Carotisstenose (1)
- Carrier Envelope Phase (1)
- Carrier-Proteine (1)
- Caspase-6 (1)
- Chalcogen-Liganden (1)
- Chemische Synthese (1)
- Chirale Symmetrie (1)
- Chromatin (1)
- Clathrin-vermittelte Endozytose (1)
- Cluster-Analyse (1)
- Communication Policy (1)
- Computer (1)
- Computersimulation (1)
- Computertomographie (1)
- Computerunterstützte Kommunikation (1)
- Concentration Inequality (1)
- Coxsackieviren (1)
- Creative Commons (1)
- Cryptochrom (1)
- Customer Lifetime Value (1)
- Cytochrom c Oxidase (1)
- Cytochrome c Oxidase (1)
- Cytochrome c oxidase (1)
- DAN-G (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA Methylation (1)
- DNA-Methylierung (1)
- DNS (1)
- DNS-Chip (1)
- Datenbank (1)
- Decalin (1)
- Dekalin (1)
- Dendritische Zelle (1)
- Dendroökologie (1)
- Deschooling society (1)
- Detergenz (1)
- Deutsche Unesco-Kommission (1)
- Deutschland <Bundesrepublik> (1)
- Diaspora (1)
- Dienstleistung (1)
- Differentielle Genexpression (1)
- Disease-modifying strategy (1)
- Dokumentationssystem (1)
- Dotierter Halbleiter (1)
- Durchseuchung (1)
- Dynamische Lichtstreuung (1)
- E-Learning (1)
- EAAC1 (1)
- EAAT3 (1)
- EAAT4 (1)
- EFRS (1)
- ELISPOT (1)
- EOB (1)
- EPR spectroscopy (1)
- ESWT (1)
- Ecological niche modelling (1)
- Ectodomain Shedding (1)
- Effective Lagrangians (1)
- Effektive Lagrangeans (1)
- Electron microscopy (1)
- Electrophorese (1)
- Elektronenspinresonanz (1)
- Emailkunst (1)
- Emotionsarbeit (1)
- Enamel (1)
- Endokrinologie (1)
- Endothelin (1)
- Endothelin B Rezeptor (1)
- Endothelin Receptor B (1)
- Energieumsatz (1)
- Energieumsatz <Medizin> (1)
- Eosinophilie (1)
- Erdmagnetfeld (1)
- Erdmagnetismus (1)
- Erithacus rubecula (1)
- Ernährungsweise (1)
- Ethnizität (1)
- European Robins (1)
- European robin (1)
- Evolutorische Wirtschaft (1)
- Exozytose (1)
- Extrakt (1)
- Faraday-Effekt (1)
- Fernsehsendung (1)
- Ferrocenderivate (1)
- Ferromagnetische Spinkette (1)
- Festkörperunterstützte Membran (1)
- Fettsucht (1)
- Few-Cycle Laserpulse (1)
- Few-cycle pulses (1)
- Film (1)
- Finanzdienstleistung (1)
- Firm Value (1)
- Forschungskooperation (1)
- Frankfurt <Main, Region> (1)
- Frauenkrankheit (1)
- Free Software (1)
- Freie Software (1)
- Friedensbemühung (1)
- Frobenius (1)
- Funktionsmorphologie (1)
- G-Protein gekoppelte Rezeptoren (1)
- G-Protein-gekoppelter Rezeptor (1)
- G-protein coupled receptor (1)
- GLUT4 (1)
- GSVs (1)
- Game Tree (1)
- Gasionisationsdetektor (1)
- Gegenreformation (1)
- Gene Polymorphism (1)
- Gene trap (1)
- Genetik (1)
- Genexpression (1)
- Genfalle (1)
- Geography (1)
- Geomorphologie (1)
- Geomorphology (1)
- Gerinnungsfaktor IX (1)
- Gerinnungsfaktor VIII (1)
- Geschichte 1991-2003 (1)
- Geschäftsplan (1)
- Glatter Krallenfrosch (1)
- Gluonenkondensat (1)
- Glutamattransport (1)
- Goldschmiedekunst (1)
- Governance (1)
- Gramicidin A (1)
- Graves' (1)
- Großbritannien (1)
- Große Abweichung (1)
- Grünerle (1)
- Gynäkologie (1)
- HCC (1)
- HF-Flex Methode (1)
- Hadronenjet (1)
- Hadronenspektrum (1)
- Hashimoto (1)
- Hashimoto Thyreoiditis (1)
- Heisenberg model (1)
- Heisenberg-Modell (1)
- Hepatomazelllinie (1)
- Heptazelluläres Karzinom (1)
- Heterologe Genexpression (1)
- Heuristik (1)
- High throughput screening (1)
- Histon-Deacetylierung (1)
- Histone Deacetylation (1)
- Homosexualität (1)
- Humerus fracture (1)
- Humerusfraktur (1)
- Hörscreening (1)
- IL-12 (1)
- IL-23 (1)
- IPP (1)
- Illich, Ivan (1)
- Immunadsorption (1)
- Immunchemie (1)
- Immunität (Medizin) (1)
- Immunsystem (1)
- Impulslaser (1)
- In vitro (1)
- In-vitro-Kultur (1)
- Indien (1)
- Indikator (1)
- Induratio penis plastica (1)
- Industry Evolution (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Integrale Membranproteine (1)
- Interaktion (1)
- Interaktive Medien (1)
- Interferonrezeptor (1)
- Internationalism (1)
- Iod (1)
- Iodmangel (1)
- Ionenimplantation (1)
- Ionenkanal (1)
- Ionenspezifität (1)
- Ionisationsdichte (1)
- Iran (1)
- J coupling constants (1)
- JawsII (1)
- Jesuiten (1)
- Jodausscheidung im Urin (1)
- Joseph Roth (1)
- Jugend (1)
- Jugendmedizin (1)
- Kalifornien (1)
- Kampfsport (1)
- Kandidatengen (1)
- Karate (1)
- Karzinomzellen (1)
- Kernmaterie (1)
- Kieferhöhlenentzündung (1)
- Kind (1)
- Kinderkrankheit (1)
- Kinetik (1)
- Kohlenstoffion (1)
- Kommunikationspolitik (1)
- Komplikation (1)
- Konformation (1)
- Konformationsanalyse (1)
- Konstitutionstypen (1)
- Kontext (1)
- Kontrastmittel (1)
- Konzentration (1)
- Konzentrationsungleichung (1)
- Kopplungskonstante (1)
- Krankheitsmodulierende Strategien (1)
- Krebs (Medizin) (1)
- Krebs <Medizin> (1)
- Kreuzkorrelation (1)
- Kriminalpolitik (1)
- Kundenlebenswert (1)
- Kundenmanagement (1)
- Kundenorientierung (1)
- Kupfer-ATPase (1)
- Körperfett (1)
- Künstliche Ribonucleasen (1)
- LET (1)
- Landnutzung (1)
- Large Deviation (1)
- Laser (1)
- Lasererzeugtes Plasma (1)
- Laserionisation (1)
- Laserspektroskopie (1)
- Lasertechnologie (1)
- Laserverstärker (1)
- Lebensweise (1)
- Leber (1)
- Leo ; Kulturtheorie ; Kulturvermittlung ; Volksliteratur ; Kunst ; Kulturmorphologie (1)
- Lernaufgabe (1)
- Leukozyt (1)
- Lichtabhängigkeit (1)
- Ligand <Biochemie> (1)
- Ligatur (1)
- Lipoxygenase <5-> (1)
- Lungenbiopsie (1)
- Lungenherde (1)
- Lungentumor (1)
- MALDI-TOF MS (1)
- MD simulations (1)
- MD-Simulation (1)
- MRT (1)
- Magnetische Kernresonanz (1)
- Magnetkompass (1)
- Magnetkompassorientierung (1)
- Magnetperzeption (1)
- Magnetrezeptormolekül (1)
- Marketing (1)
- Marknagelung (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Maximilian I. (1)
- Medienpolitik (1)
- Medientheorie (1)
- Mehragentensystem (1)
- Membrantransport (1)
- Messenger-RNS (1)
- Metallfreie Ribonucleasen (1)
- Metallion (1)
- Metallorganische Polymere (1)
- Methodenentwicklung (1)
- Methodenverbund (1)
- Migration (1)
- Minigramicidin (1)
- Mitochondrien (1)
- Molekulardynamik (1)
- Molekularer Schalter (1)
- Molekulargewichtsbestimmung (1)
- Monstrance (1)
- Monstranz (1)
- Monte-Carlo-Simulation (1)
- Morris Hepatoma (1)
- Mukoviszidose (1)
- Multimedia (1)
- Multityp-Verzweigungsprozess mit Immigration (1)
- Multitype Branching with Immigration (1)
- Mutante (1)
- Münchner Hofkunst (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NMR-Tomographie (1)
- NO (1)
- Nahostkonflikt (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Nasenpolyp (1)
- Nasenschleimhaut (1)
- Natriumglutamat <Natrium-L-glutamat> (1)
- Naturheilkunde (1)
- Nervendegeneration (1)
- Netzhaut (1)
- Netzwerktheorie (1)
- Neue Weltinformations- und Kommunikationsordnung (1)
- NhaA (1)
- Nichtinfektiöse Entzündung (1)
- Nitroxylradikal (1)
- Normalkollektiv (1)
- Oberarmbruch (1)
- Obervolta (1)
- Oligonucleotide (1)
- Onkologie (1)
- Oozyten von Xenopus laevis (1)
- Optische Spektroskopie (1)
- Orientation (1)
- Orientierung (1)
- Oxidativer Stress (1)
- Oxoferrylzustand (1)
- Oxygenierung (1)
- PELDOR (1)
- Paläoumweltrekonstruktion (1)
- Panel (1)
- Panelverfahren (1)
- Particle yield ratios (1)
- Passionsreliquien (1)
- Patch-Clamp-Methode (1)
- Patient (1)
- Perkutane transluminale Angioplastie (1)
- Peroxisom (1)
- Peyronie's disease (1)
- Pflanzenökologie (1)
- Pharmazie (1)
- Phasendiagramm (1)
- Phosphorylierung (1)
- Photoisomerisation (1)
- Photoisomerization (1)
- Photon conversions (1)
- Photonenspektrum (1)
- Photonkonversionen (1)
- Photosynthese (1)
- Phytodiversität (1)
- Pi0 (1)
- Pigmentproteine (1)
- Pilze (1)
- Pilzsinusitis (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Pneumoperitoneum (1)
- Pneumothorax (1)
- Pollenanalyse (1)
- Poly(butylcyanoacrylat) (1)
- Polyposis (1)
- Primär aktive Transporter (1)
- Probabilistische Analyse von Algorithmen (1)
- Problem kürzester Superstrings (1)
- Promoter (1)
- Promotor (1)
- Promotor <Genetik> (1)
- Prostaglandin D2 (1)
- Prostaglandin E2 (1)
- Protein (1)
- Proteinanalytik (1)
- Proteine (1)
- Protektion (1)
- Proteomics (1)
- Proteorhodopsin (1)
- Proton transfer (1)
- Protonenpumpe (1)
- Proximale Ballonokklusion (1)
- Punktion (1)
- Punktprozess (1)
- Quantenchromodynamik (1)
- Quantencomputer (1)
- Quantenspinsystem (1)
- Query Language (1)
- Quinon-Fumarat-Reduktase (1)
- RBW (1)
- RDBMS (1)
- RDF (1)
- RDF <Informatik> (1)
- RNA (1)
- RNS (1)
- RNS-Synthese (1)
- Radical-Pair-Mechanism (1)
- Radikal <Chemie> (1)
- Radikalpaar (1)
- Radikalpaar-Mechanismus (1)
- Radikalpaar-Prozess (1)
- Radiologische Diagnostik (1)
- Raster-Kraft-Mikroskopie (1)
- Rastersondenmikroskop (1)
- Reinigung (1)
- Rekursiver Algorithmus (1)
- Relationale Datenbank (1)
- Relativistic heavy-ion collisions (1)
- Relativistische Schwerionenkollisionen (1)
- Relics (1)
- Reliquiar (1)
- Reliquienkult (1)
- Reliquiensammlung (1)
- Residence Munich (1)
- Resistenz (1)
- Retina (1)
- Retrievalsprache (1)
- Rezeption (1)
- Rezeptor (1)
- Rhinosinusitis (1)
- Ribonucleasen (1)
- Ribozym (1)
- Rotoren (1)
- Russell-Taylor-Nagel (1)
- Russell-Taylor-Nail (1)
- Ruthenium (1)
- Ruthenium-Laserflash-Spektroskopie (1)
- Rückfallkriminalität (1)
- Rückfallstrafschärfung (1)
- Rückfalltäter (1)
- STAR <Teilchendetektor> (1)
- Satellitenbild (1)
- Savanne (1)
- Scanning Probes (1)
- Schweres Ion (1)
- Schwerionentherapie (1)
- Secretase Inhibitors (1)
- Sekretase Inhibitoren (1)
- Semantic Web (1)
- Serin (1)
- Shortest Common Superstring Problem (1)
- Silicium (1)
- Silicon (1)
- Social Networks (1)
- Softwareindustrie (1)
- Somatochart (1)
- Somatologie (1)
- Sp1 (1)
- Spielbaum (1)
- Spielbaum-Suchverfahren (1)
- Spin Hamiltonians (1)
- Spin chain models (1)
- Spin wave (1)
- Spin-Spin-Kopplungskonstante (1)
- Spinwelle (1)
- Spinübergang (1)
- Spontane und explizite Symmetriebrechung (1)
- Spontaneous and explicite symmetry breaking (1)
- Spülsedimente (1)
- Standorttheorie (1)
- Statistischer Test (1)
- Stentimplantation (1)
- Stickstoffmonoxid (1)
- Stofftransport <Biologie> (1)
- Strafzumessung (1)
- Strafzweck der Sicherung (incapacitation) (1)
- Strahlentherapie (1)
- Strukturaufklärung (1)
- Substituierte Pyrimidine (1)
- Substituted Pyrimidines (1)
- Symmetriebrechung (1)
- Systembiologie (1)
- TACE (1)
- TEOAE (1)
- Ta'ziyeh (1)
- Tail Bound (1)
- Tailschranke (1)
- Talent (1)
- Talentsuche (1)
- Taphonomie (1)
- Teilchengröße (1)
- Teilchenspur (1)
- Teilchenzahlverhältnisse (1)
- Temperatur (1)
- Temperaturabhängigkeit (1)
- Theater (1)
- Thermometrie (1)
- Thermometry (1)
- Thermus thermophilus (1)
- Thoraxbiopsie (1)
- Threonin (1)
- Thrombophilie (1)
- Thrombose (1)
- Thrombozyten (1)
- Thyreoiditis (1)
- Thyroid (1)
- Time-averaging (1)
- Titan-Saphir-Laser (1)
- Toll-like-Rezeptoren (1)
- Trainingsintensität (1)
- Transkriptionsfaktor (1)
- Transnationalism (1)
- Transnationalismus (1)
- Trichostatin A (1)
- Tumor necrosis factor alpha (1)
- Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor <alpha> (1)
- Typ I Interferone (1)
- Tyrosin (1)
- U4/U6 (1)
- UNESCO (1)
- US-Kriminalpolitik (1)
- USA (1)
- UV-VIS-Spektroskopie (1)
- Ubiquinon-Cytochrome c-Reductase (1)
- United Nations (1)
- Unternehmenswert (1)
- Verapamil (1)
- Vereinte Nationen (1)
- Verzweigungsprozess (1)
- Visual representation (1)
- Visualisierung (1)
- Vogelzug (1)
- Wachstumsfaktor (1)
- Wasserstoffionenkonzentration (1)
- West Africa (1)
- Wiener Index (1)
- Wiener-Index (1)
- Wikipedia (1)
- Wilhelm V. (1)
- Wilson Disease Protein (1)
- Wissenschaftskritik (1)
- XS52 (1)
- Zeichenkette (1)
- Zeitreihe (1)
- Zerebrale Protektionssysteme (1)
- Zugvögel (1)
- absolute phase (1)
- activity (1)
- adolescents (1)
- affinities (1)
- anti-TPO Antikörper (1)
- anti-TPO antibodies (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- artificial ribonucleases (1)
- attention components (1)
- bc1-complex (1)
- bioenergetics (1)
- bivalve assemblage (1)
- black lipid membrane (1)
- blood (1)
- blood-brain barrier (1)
- boswellic acids (1)
- carcinoma cells (1)
- carrier envelope phase (1)
- cerebral protection (1)
- chalcogen ligands (1)
- channel management (1)
- chemotherapy (1)
- children (1)
- clotting factor IX (1)
- clotting factor VIII (1)
- clotting factor activity (1)
- complication (1)
- concentration (1)
- correlation (1)
- cross correlation (1)
- cryptochrome (1)
- ct-gesteuert (1)
- ct-gesteuerte Biopsien (1)
- ct-guided biopsy (1)
- customer migration (1)
- cytochrome c oxidase (1)
- detergent (1)
- eNOS (1)
- electron transfer (1)
- endocrinology (1)
- energy expenditure (1)
- eosinophilia (1)
- executive attention (1)
- exekutive Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- exercise intervention (1)
- feeding habit (1)
- financial services (1)
- flow-reversal device (1)
- functional coupling (1)
- fungi (1)
- genetics (1)
- glutamate transport (1)
- glutamate transporter (1)
- hadron jet (1)
- hearing screening (1)
- heavy-ion physics (1)
- hepatocellular carcinoma (1)
- hepatoma cell line (1)
- homosexuality (1)
- immunology (1)
- in vitro pneumoperitoneum (1)
- in-vitro-Pneumoperitoneum (1)
- individual differences (1)
- inflammation (1)
- inorganic synthesis (1)
- integral membrane proteins (1)
- intensity (1)
- interferon receptor (1)
- interindividuelle Unterschiede (1)
- ion implantation (1)
- katalytischer Zyklus (1)
- kinetics (1)
- land use change (1)
- licht-induzierter Spinübergang (1)
- life habit (1)
- ligation (1)
- light dependent magnetic compass (1)
- light-induced spin-change (1)
- lung cancer (1)
- lung nodules (1)
- magnetic compass orientation (1)
- magnetoreception (1)
- metal-free ribonucleases (1)
- metall-organic compunds (1)
- metallorganische Komplexe (1)
- migratory birds (1)
- modelling (1)
- molecular switch (1)
- molecular weight (1)
- morphology (1)
- mutants (1)
- nano lithography (1)
- nano tools (1)
- nanolithographie (1)
- neuronal code (1)
- neuronaler Kode (1)
- obesity (1)
- pH-indicator dye (1)
- particle size (1)
- patch-clamp technique (1)
- peptides (1)
- perceptual attention (1)
- percutaneouss biopsy (1)
- perkutane Biopsie (1)
- perzeptive Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- phosphorylation (1)
- photon (1)
- phytodiversity pattern (1)
- platelets (1)
- point process (1)
- pre-steady state (1)
- preparative cell-free expression (1)
- primary human hepatocyte (1)
- primäre humane hepatozyten (1)
- proliferation (1)
- protein folding (1)
- proton transfer (1)
- purification (1)
- radical-pair process (1)
- raum-zeitliche Muster (1)
- relationship management (1)
- respiratory chain (1)
- response patterns (1)
- retina (1)
- rhinosinusitis (1)
- serine (1)
- siRNA (1)
- site-directed spinlabeling (1)
- skalare Kopplungskonstanten (1)
- soil erosion (1)
- solid supported membrane (1)
- spatio-temporal patterns (1)
- spin-change (1)
- statistic analysis (1)
- statistische Analyse (1)
- stenting (1)
- subzelluläre Fraktionierung (1)
- temperature (1)
- threonine (1)
- thromboembolism (1)
- thrombophilia (1)
- time-averaging (1)
- time-resolved absorption spectroscopy (1)
- transition metal (1)
- type I interferon (1)
- tyrosine radical (1)
- unverbesserliche Rückfalltäter (1)
- urinary iodine (1)
- youth (1)
- zellfreie Expression (1)
- Ökologische Nische (1)
- Überbrückte Verbindungen (1)
- Übergangsmetall (1)
- Übergewicht (1)
Institute
- Medizin (113)
- Biochemie und Chemie (52)
- Biowissenschaften (36)
- Pharmazie (29)
- Physik (17)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (7)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (6)
- Neuere Philologien (5)
- Informatik (4)
- Erziehungswissenschaften (3)
- Geographie (3)
- Geowissenschaften (3)
- Kulturwissenschaften (3)
- Mathematik (3)
- Psychologie (3)
- Rechtswissenschaft (2)
- Sportwissenschaften (2)
- Georg-Speyer-Haus (1)
- Geschichtswissenschaften (1)
Unlimited self-renewal is an absolute prerequisite for any malignancy, and is the ultimate arbiter of the continuous growth and metastasis of tumors. It has been suggested that the self-renewal properties of a tumor are exclusively contained within a small population, i.e., the so-called cancer stem cells. Enhanced self-renewal potential plays a pivotal role in the development of leukemia. My data have shown that APL associated translocation products PML/RARalpha and PLZF/RARalpha increased the replating efficiency of mouse lin-/Sca1+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This effect is partly mediated by induction of gamma–catenin which is an important mediator of the Wnt signaling pathway and has been shown to be up regulated by the AML associated translocation products(AATPs). Suppression of gamma–catenin by siRNA can abrogate the increased replating efficiency induced by AATPs. Transduction of gamma–catenin in lin-/Sca1+ HSCs led to increased replating efficiency and the expression of stem cell markers Sca1 and c-kit. Additionally it induced accelerated cell cycle progression of mouse bone marrow HSCs. Transduction/transplantation mouse models have shown that ectopic expression of gamma–catenin in HSCs led to acute myeloid leukemia without maturation. These data suggest important roles of Wnt signaling pathway in the leukemogenesis induced by PML/RARalpha, PLZF/RARalpha and AML1/ETO. In contrast to AATPs, CML and Ph+-ALL associated translocation products p185(BCR-ABL) and p210(BCR-ABL) did not affect the self-renewal potential of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. However my studies indicated that their reciprocal translocation products p40(ABL/BCR) and p96(ABL/BCR) actually increased the replating efficiency of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. The effect is stronger when induced by p96(ABL/BCR) than by p40(ABL/BCR). It is very intriguing that p96(ABL/BCR) can activate Wnt signaling and up regulate the expression of HoxB4. Transduction/transplantation mouse model has shown that p40(ABL/BCR) and p96(ABL/BCR) both have their own leukemogenic potential. Given the fact that leukemic stem cells maintain the growth of tumor and are the origin of relapse, the cure of leukemia is dependent on the eradication of the leukemic stem cell and abrogation of aberrantly regulated self-renewal capability. Both t-RA and As2O3 have been shown to induce complete remission in APL patients with PML/RARalpha translocation product. However, t-RA as a single agent achieves completeremission (CR) but not complete molecular remissions (CMR). Therefore, virtually all patients will experience a relapse within a few months. In contrast to t-RA, As2O3 as a single agent is able to induce CR as well as CMR followed by long-term relapse-free survival in about 50% of APL patients even if relapsed after treatment with t-RA-containing chemotherapy regimens. Nothing is known about the mechanisms leading to the complete different clinical outcomes by the two compounds although both have been shown to induce differentiation of blast cells, proliferation arrest, induction of apoptosis and degradation of PML/RARalpha. We investigated the effect of t-RA and arsenic on PML/RARalpha-expressing cell population with stem cell capacity derived from the APL cell line NB4 as well as Sca1+/lin- murine bone marrow cells. We found that t-RA did not reduce the replating efficiency in PML/RARalpha- and PLZF/RARalpha-infected Sca1+/lincells whereas it selected small compact colonies representing very early progenitor cells. T-RA was unable to reduce the capacity to form colony forming units-spleen (CFU-S) of Sca1+/lin-cells expressing PML/RARalpha, additionally t-RA did not impair the capability of engraftment of NB4 cells in NOD/SCID mouse. On the contrary to t-RA, As2O3 abolished the aberrant self-renewal potential of Sca1+/lin- cells expressing PML/RARalpha. As2O3 not only abolished the replating efficiency of PML/RARalpha positive cells but also completely abrogated the ability of PML/RARalpha-positive HSC to produce CFU-S in vivo. On the contrary to As2O3, t-RA increased the absolute cell number and the percentage of cells in the side population with respect to the whole cell population in NB4 cells. Taken together these data suggest that arsenic but not all-trans retinoic acid overcomes the aberrant stem cell capacity of PML/RARalpha positive leukemic stem cells. My data prove for the first time that there is a direct relationship between the capacity of compounds to effectively target the LSC and their capacity to eradicate the leukemia, and, thereby, to induce complete molecular remission and long-term relapse-free survival. Thus, in order to increase the curative potential of leukemia therapies, future studies need to include the effect of given compounds on the stem cell compartment to determine their ability to eradicate the LSC.