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Report from NA49
(2004)
The most recent data of NA49 on hadron production in nuclear collisions at CERN SPS energies are presented. Anomalies in the energy dependence of pion and kaon production in central Pb+Pb collisions are observed. They suggest that the onset of deconfinement is located at about 30 AGeV. Large multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations are measured for collisions of intermediate mass systems at 158 AGeV. The need for a new experimental programme at the CERN SPS is underlined.
Event-by-event fluctuations of particle ratios in central Pb + Pb collisions at 20 to 158 AGeV
(2004)
In the vicinity of the QCD phase transition, critical fluctuations have been predicted to lead to non-statistical fluctuations of particle ratios, depending on the nature of the phase transition. Recent results of the NA49 energy scan program show a sharp maximum of the ratio of K+ to Pi+ yields in central Pb+Pb collisions at beam energies of 20-30 AGeV. This observation has been interpreted as an indication of a phase transition at low SPS energies. We present first results on event-by-event fluctuations of the kaon to pion and proton to pion ratios at beam energies close to this maximum.
Results are presented on Omega production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 40 and 158 AGeV beam energy. Given are transverse-mass spectra, rapidity distributions, and total yields for the sum Omega+Antiomega at 40 AGeV and for Omega and Antiomega separately at 158 AGeV. The yields are strongly under-predicted by the string-hadronic UrQMD model and are in better agreement with predictions from a hadron gas models. PACS numbers: 25.75.Dw
The energy dependence of multiplicity fluctuations was studied for the most central Pb+Pb collisions at 20A, 30A, 40A, 80A and 158A GeV by the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS. The multiplicity distribution for negatively and positively charged hadrons is significantly narrower than Poisson one for all energies. No significant structure in energy dependence of the scaled variance of multiplicity fluctuations is observed. The measured scaled variance is lower than the one predicted by the grand-canonical formulation of the hadron-resonance gas model. The results for scaled variance are in approximate agreement with the string-hadronic model UrQMD.
System size and centrality dependence of the balance function in A + A collisions at √sNN = 17.2 GeV
(2004)
Electric charge correlations were studied for p+p, C+C, Si+Si and centrality selected Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt s_NN = 17.2$ GeV with the NA49 large acceptance detector at the CERN-SPS. In particular, long range pseudo-rapidity correlations of oppositely charged particles were measured using the Balance Function method. The width of the Balance Function decreases with increasing system size and centrality of the reactions. This decrease could be related to an increasing delay of hadronization in central Pb+Pb collisions.
System size dependence of multiplicity fluctuations of charged particles produced in nuclear collisions at 158 A GeV was studied in the NA49 CERN experiment. Results indicate a non-monotonic dependence of the scaled variance of the multiplicity distribution with a maximum for semi-peripheral Pb+Pb interactions with number of projectile participants of about 35. This effect is not observed in a string-hadronic model of nuclear collision HIJING.
The data on mT spectra of K0S K+ and K- mesons produced in all inelastic p + p and p + pbar interactions in the energy range sqrt(s)NN=4.7-1800GeV are compiled and analyzed. The spectra are parameterized by a single exponential function, dN/(m_T*dm_T)=C exp(-m_T/T), and the inverse slope parameter T is the main object of study. The T parameter is found to be similar for K0S, K+ and K- mesons. It increases monotonically with collision energy from T~30MeV at sqrt(s)NN=4.7GeV to T~220MeV at sqrt(s)NN=1800GeV. The T parameter measured in p+p and p+pbar interactions is significantly lower than the corresponding parameter obtained for central Pb+Pb collisions at all studied energies. Also the shape of the energy dependence of T is different for central Pb+Pb collisions and p+p(pbar) interactions.
In dieser Arbeit wurde die Produktion geladener Kaonen in C+C und Si+Si- Kollisionen bei Strahlenergien von 40A und 158A GeV untersucht, die verwendeten Daten stammen vom CERN Experiment NA49. Die Kaonen wurden über den mittleren Energieverlust in den TPCs identifiziert, was die Messung der Phasenraumverteilung in einem großen Bereich möglich machte. Die Analyse basiert auf der dE/dx Auswertung aller NA49 TPCs (globale Analyse). Es wurde herausgefunden, dass bei den C+C und Si+Si Datensätzen die MTPC dE/dx Information unvollständig auf den DSTs gespeichert wurde. Da die Auflösung bei der Bestimmung des mittleren Energieverlusts beschränkt ist, ist die Teilchenidentifikation nur über statistische Methoden möglich. Im Kapitel 4 wird diese von Marco van Leeuwen mitentwickelte Methode beschrieben. Für die endgültigen Werte der Phasenraumverteilung der Teilchen müssen die identifizierten Kaonen noch auf Effekte korrigiert werden, die durch den Aufbau des Detektors und die verwendete Analysesoftware hervorgerufen werden. Die Korrekturen werden im Kapitel 5.4 beschrieben und angewandt, dies sind unter anderem geometrische Korrekturen, Akzeptanz und Zerfallskorrekturen. Die Ergebnisse bei 158A GeV wurden mit C.Höhnes Ergebnissen verglichen und stimmen im Rahmen der Fehler überein. Zur Übersicht wurden die Daten mit den anderen NA49-Daten zusammengefasst. Dabei ist zu erkennen dass die Verhältnisse < K+ > / < NW >, < K+ > / < + >, < K > / < NW > und < K > / < > im Bereich zwischen p+p und Si+Si schnell ansteigen und im weiterem Verlauf bis Pb+Pb kaum weiter ansteigen. Im Rahmen des Statistical Model of the Early Stage sind dies Anzeichen für einen Übergang in das Quark-Gluon-Plasma bei 40A GeV in Si+Si Kollisionen. Für eine Bestätigung dieser Vermutung sind jedoch weitere Messungen bei unterschiedlichen Energien und Systemen notwendig.