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The design of rainwater harvesting based gardens requires considering current climate but also climate change during the lifespan of the facility. The goal of this study is to present an approach for designing garden variants that can be safely supplied with harvested rainwater, taking into account climate change and adaptation measures. In addition, the study presents a methodology to quantify the effects of climate change on rainwater harvesting based gardening. Results of the study may not be accurate due to the assumptions made for climate projections and may need to be further refined. We used a tank flow model and an irrigation water model. Then we established three simple climate scenarios and analyzed the impact of climate change on harvested rain and horticulture production for a semi-arid region in northern Namibia. In the two climate scenarios with decreased precipitation and medium/high temperature increase; adaptation measures are required to avoid substantial decreases in horticulture production. The study found that the most promising adaptation measures to sustain yields and revenues are a more water efficient garden variant and an enlargement of the roof size. The proposed measures can partly or completely compensate the negative impacts of climate change.
Rain- and floodwater harvesting (RFWH) technologies and water reuse are ideal and generalpurpose technologies to improve water security and to contribute to climate adaptation – in particular for semi-arid regions. These technologies are part of a multi-resources mix within an integrated water resources management (IWRM). They create capacities to buffer water fluctuations and alleviate water scarcity. In this way, they reduce the pressure on existing resources, and can stimulate local economies. However, in order to be sustainable, these technologies need to be adapted to the local context – through suitable design, adapted operation requirements, and a back-up by training users and operators accordingly.
Debates about climate-induced migratory movements – and their possible links to instability and conflict – along with the discussion on migration flows across the Mediterranean Sea frequently highlight the West African Sahel as a region of concern. However, findings from recent empirical research on Sahelian regions in Mali and Senegal suggest no evidence for increasing population movements towards Europe as a direct result of environmental stress and climate change. It is the patterns of migration that are changing and not so much the volume. A closer look at the social-ecological conditions of migration in the Sahel allows for an alternative characterization of the problem dynamics. It reveals a rich and comprehensive picture of mobility and the importance of climate and environment in this respect, and identifies starting points for policy options.
Wasserbedarfsprognosen sind für Wasserversorger eine wichtige Entscheidungsgrundlage für zukünftige Maßnahmen in der wirtschaftlichen und technischen Betriebsführung sowie beim Ressourcenmanagement. In den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten sanken in Deutschland die spezifischen Wasserbedarfe aufgrund von Technik- und Verhaltensinnovationen. Für Regionen mit Wirtschafts- und Bevölkerungswachstum ist aber das Zusammenspiel dieser für den zukünftigen Bedarf konträren Entwicklungen von besonderem Interesse. Auch die Metropolregion Hamburg ist von diesen Entwicklungen betroffen.
Im Auftrag des Wasserversorgers HAMBURG WASSER aktualisierte das ISOE (Forschungsschwerpunkt Wasserressourcen und Landnutzung) in Kooperation mit dem ifo Institut München seine mittel- und langfristige Wasserbedarfsprognose aus dem Jahr 2007 für das Versorgungsgebiet des Auftraggebers. In einem innovativen Konzept wurden dafür Forschungsmethoden aus Natur-, Wirtschafts-, Planungs- und Sozialwissenschaften kombiniert. Mit dem gewählten transdisziplinären Forschungsmodus war das Projekt darauf angelegt, im laufenden Forschungsprozess gemeinsam mit den wissenschaftlichen und außerwissenschaftlichen Projektpartnern das Prognosekonzept weiterzuentwickeln. Der vorliegende Studientext basiert auf dem Projektbericht an HAMBURG WASSER und fasst Prognosekonzept, Modellentwicklung, Prognoseergebnissen und Schlussfolgerungen zusammen.