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Using 7.33 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226~GeV, we observe for the first time the decay D±s→ωπ±η with a statistical significance of 7.6σ. The measured branching fraction of this decay is (0.54±0.12±0.04)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.
Using e+e− annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb−1 taken at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we report the first measurements of the branching fractions of the inclusive decays D0→π+π+π−X and D+→π+π+π−X, where pions from K0S decays have been excluded from the π+π+π− system and X denotes any possible particle combination. The branching fractions of D0(D+)→π+π+π−X are determined to be B(D0→π+π+π−X)=(17.60±0.11±0.22)% and B(D+→π+π+π−X)=(15.25±0.09±0.18)%, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.
Measurements of the electric and magnetic form factors of the neutron for timelike momentum transfer
(2023)
We present the first measurements of the electric and magnetic form factors of the neutron in the time-like (positive q2) region as function of four-momentum transfer. We explored the differential cross sections of the reaction e+e−→n¯n with data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII accelerator, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 354.6 pb−1 in total at twelve center-of-mass energies between s√=2.0−2.95 GeV. A relative uncertainty of 18% and 12% for the electric and magnetic form factors, respectively, is achieved at s√=2.3935 GeV. Our results are comparable in accuracy to those from electron scattering in the comparable space-like (negative q2) region of four-momentum transfer. The electromagnetic form factor ratio Rem≡|GE|/|GM| is within the uncertainties close to unity. We compare our result on |GE| and |GM| to recent model predictions, and the measurements in the space-like region to test the analyticity of electromagnetic form factors.
The first direct measurement of the absolute branching fraction of Σ+→Λe+νe is reported based on an e+e− annihilation sample of (10087±44)×106 J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector at s√=3.097 GeV. The branching fraction is determined to be B(Σ+→Λe+νe)=[2.93±0.74(stat)±0.13(syst)]×10−5, which is the most precise measurement obtained in a single experiment to date and also the first result obtained at a collider experiment. Combining this result with the world average of B(Σ−→Λe−ν¯e) and the lifetimes of Σ±, the ratio, Γ(Σ−→Λe−ν¯e)Γ(Σ+→Λe+νe), is determined to be 1.06±0.28, which is within 1.8 standard deviations of the value expected in the absence of second-class currents that are forbidden in the Standard Model.
Using data samples of e+e− collisions collected with the BESIII detector at eight center-of-mass energy points between 3.49 and 3.67 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 670 pb−1, we present the upper limits of Born cross sections and the effective form factor for the process e+e−→Ω−Ω¯+. A fit to the cross sections using a pQCD-derived energy dependent function shows no significant threshold effect. The upper limit on the measured effective form factor is consistent with a theoretical prediction within the uncertainty of 1σ. These results provide new experimental information on the production mechanism of Ω.
A determination of the CP-even fraction F+ in the decay D0→K+K−π+π− is presented. Using 2.93 fb−1 of e+e−→ψ(3770)→DD¯ data collected by the BESIII detector, one charm meson is reconstructed in the signal mode and the other in a CP eigenstate or the decay D→K0S,Lπ+π−. Analysis of the relative rates of these double-tagged events yields the result F+=0.730±0.037±0.021, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This is the first model-independent measurement of F+ in D0→K+K−π+π− decays.
Biological drug substance (DS) is often frozen to enhance storage stability, prolong shelf life, and increase flexibility during manufacturing. However, the freezing and thawing (F/T) of bulk DS at the manufacturing scale can impact product quality as a result of various critical conditions, including cryo-concentration during freezing, which are influenced, among other things, by product-independent process parameters (e.g., container type, fill level, F/T equipment, and protocols). In this article, we report the optimization of two major methodologies to study product-independent process parameters in DS bottles at the manufacturing scale, namely the recording of temperature profiles and liquid sampling after thawing to quantify the concentration gradients in the solution. We report experimentally justified measuring positions for temperature recordings, especially for the selection of the last point to freeze position, and highlight the implementation of camera-assisted inspection to determine the last point to thaw and the actual thawing time. In particular, we provide, for the first time, a detailed description of the technical implementation of these two measuring set-ups. Based on the reported case studies, we recommend choosing relevant measuring positions as a result of initial equipment characterization, resulting in a resource-conscious study set-up.
The small GTPases H, K, and NRAS are molecular switches indispensable for proper regulation of cellular proliferation and growth. Several mutations in the genes encoding members of this protein family are associated with cancer and result in aberrant activation of signaling processes caused by a deregulated recruitment of downstream effector proteins. In this study, we engineered variants of the Ras-binding domain (RBD) of the C-Raf proto-oncogene, Ser/Thr kinase (CRAF). These variants bound with high affinity with the effector-binding site of Ras in an active conformation. Structural characterization disclosed how the newly identified RBD mutations cooperate and thereby enhance affinity with the effector-binding site in Ras compared with WT RBD. The engineered RBD variants closely mimicked the interaction mode of naturally occurring Ras effectors and acted as dominant-negative affinity reagents that block Ras signal transduction. Experiments with cancer cells showed that expression of these RBD variants inhibits Ras signaling, reducing cell growth and inducing apoptosis. Using these optimized RBD variants, we stratified patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids with known Ras mutational status according to their response to Ras inhibition. These results revealed that the presence of Ras mutations was insufficient to predict sensitivity to Ras inhibition, suggesting that not all of these tumors required Ras signaling for proliferation. In summary, by engineering the Ras/Raf interface of the CRAF-RBD, we identified potent and selective inhibitors of Ras in its active conformation that outcompete binding of Ras-signaling effectors.
Highlights
• Executive functions contribute to problem-solving in six- to eight-year-olds.
• Working memory and cognitive flexibility contribute to problem-solving.
•Inhibition does not significantly contribute to problem-solving.
Abstract
Previous research has shown that executive functions can contribute to successful problem-solving in preschool and elementary school children. However, most studies did not simultaneously assess the role of different specific aspects of executive functions. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the individual contribution of inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility to science problem-solving performance in elementary school children. A total of 478 children from first and second grades (Mage = 7.44 years) participated in our study. They performed a Go/No-go task (inhibition), a Corsi blocks backward task (working memory), a flexible item selection task (cognitive flexibility), and three science problem-solving tasks, including two gear turning tasks and one stabilization task. Structural equation modeling showed that working memory and cognitive flexibility individually contributed to problem-solving performance, whereas inhibition did not. We conclude that maintaining task requirements and dynamic object relations (working memory) and switching between different problem-solving phases (cognitive flexibility) are essential components of successful science problem-solving in elementary school children. Inhibitory processes may be more relevant in tasks involving a higher degree of interference at the task or response level.