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Das Handschriftenfragment Bergen, Universitetsbiblioteket, MS 1550.5 (im Folgenden: MS 1550.5) veranschaulicht das Schicksal vieler Mittelaltercodices der frühen Neuzeit in Norwegen. Die meisten für liturgische Zwecke genutzten Codices wurden als Palimpseste für verschiedene Aktenstücke, Verstärkung in Buchrücken, Fütterung von Brieftaschen u.ä. wiederverwendet. Das hier vorgestellte Pergamentstück mit den Maßen 305 × 175 mm erhielt in der Forschung bereits weitreichende Aufmerksamkeit. Der Fokus lag allerdings auf der lateinischen Textüberlieferung. Der vorliegende Artikel zielt nun darauf ab, das Fragment in Zusammenhang mit seiner Wiederverwendung als altnorwegische Urkunde zu kontextualisieren und mittels einer vollständigen Beschreibung des Fragments dessen Rezeptionsgeschichte zu beleuchten.
We show the existence of additive kinematic formulas for general flag area measures, which generalizes a recent result by Wannerer. Building on previous work by the second named author, we introduce an algebraic framework to compute these formulas explicitly. This is carried out in detail in the case of the incomplete flag manifold consisting of all (p+1)-planes containing a unit vector.
Clean water is fundamental to human health and ecosystem integrity. However, water quality deteriorates due to novel anthropogenic pollutants present at microgram per liter concentrations in urban water cycles (termed micropollutants). Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) have been identified as major point sources for aquatic (micro-)pollutants. Chemical and ecotoxicological analyses have shown that conventional biological WWTPs do not fully remove micropollutants and associated toxicities, which is often because of mobile, polar and/or recalcitrant compounds and transformation products (TPs). To minimize possible environmental risks, advanced wastewater treatment (AWWT) technologies could be a promising mitigation measure. Multiple processes are therefore being developed and evaluated such as ozonation and ozonation followed by granulated activated carbon (GAC) or biological filtration. Assessing the performance of these combined AWWTs was the focus the TransRisk project. Within this project, this thesis accomplished four major goals.
Firstly, the preparation of (waste)water samples was optimised for in vitro bioassays. Acidification, filtration and solid phase extraction (SPE) were tested for their impact on environmentally relevant in vitro endocrine activities, mutagenicity, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Significantly different outcomes of these assays were detected comparing neutral and acidified samples. Sample filtration had a lesser impact, but in some cases retention of particle-bound compounds could have caused significant toxicity losses. Out of three SPE sorbents the Telos C18/ENV at sample pH 2.5 extracted highest toxicity, some undetected in aqueous samples. These results indicate that sample preparation needs to be optimised for specific sample matrices and bioassays to avoid false-positive or -negative detects in effect-based analyses.
Secondly, the above listed in vitro toxicities were monitored in a protected region for drinking water production in South-West Germany (2012-2015). Out of 30 sampling sites surface water and groundwater were the least polluted. Nonetheless, a few groundwater samples induced high anti-estrogenic activity that prompted further monitoring. The latter included a waterworks in which no toxicity was detected. Hospital wastewater also had elevated in vitro toxicities and hospitals are, thus, relevant intervention points for source control. The biological WWTPs were effective in removing most of the detected toxicity, and the selected bioassays proved to be pertinent tools for water quality assessment and prioritisation of pollution hotspots.
Thirdly, the in vivo bioassay ISO10872 based on Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was adapted for this thesis. Using this model, a median effect concentration (EC50) for reproductive toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon β-naphthoflavone (β- NF) of 114 µg/L was computed which is slightly lower than reported in the scientific literature. β-NF induced cyp-35A3::GFP (a biomarker in transgenic animals) in a time and concentration dependent manner (≤ 21.3–24 fold above controls). β-NF spiked wastewater samples supported earlier hypotheses on particle-bound pollutants. Reproductive toxicity (96 h) and cyp-35A3 induction (24 h) of biologically treated and/or ozonated wastewater extracts and growth promoting effects of GAC/biologically filtered ozonated wastewater extracts were observed. This suggested the presence of residual bioactive/toxic chemicals not included in the targeted chemical analysis. It also highlighted the importance of integrating multiple (apical and molecular) endpoints in wastewater assessments.
Fourthly, five in vitro and the adapted C. elegans bioassay were integrated into a wastewater quality evaluation (developed within TransRisk). Out of the five AWWT options, ozonation (at 1 g O3,applied/g DOC, HRT ~ 18 min) combined with nonaerated GAC filtration was rated most effective for toxicity removal. All five AWWTs largely removed estrogenic and (anti-)androgenic activities, but not anti-estrogenic activity and mutagenicity, which even increased during ozonation. This has been observed in related studies and points towards toxic TPs. These results also emphasized the need for implementing an effective post-treatment for ozonation. The results from a parallel in vivo study with Lumbriculus variegatus and Potamopyrgus antipodarum conducted on site at the WWTP (using flow through systems) were in accordance with the C. elegans results. In this context, it is suggested to further implement C. elegans as sensitive, feasible and ecologically relevant model.
In conclusion, this thesis shows how optimised sample preparation, long-term (in vitro) environmental monitoring, sensitive and ecologically relevant (in vivo) bioassays as well as innovative evaluation concepts, are pivotal in improving the removal of micropollutants and their toxicities with AWWTs. Future research should further develop and evaluate measures at sewer systems, conventional biological, tertiary and other advanced treatment technologies, as well as sociopolitical strategies (e.g., source control or natural conservation) and restoration projects. The effect-based tools optimised in this thesis will support assessing their success.
Endokrin inaktives Hypophysenadenom und sekundäre Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz : ein Fallbericht
(2021)
Das Hypophysenadenom als Ursache einer sekundären Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz, nur mit isoliertem ACTH-Defizit, ist außergewöhnlich. Ein ACTH-Mangel tritt in der Regel nicht isoliert, sondern zusammen mit dem Ausfall anderer Hypophysenfunktionen auf. Besonders bei Patienten mit Kinderwunsch sollte den Erkrankungen der Hypophyse und der Nebennieren große Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden.
Neste artigo, proponho a aproximação do poema "Engführung" (1958), do poeta Paul Celan, com o ensaio "Cascas" (2011 [2017]), do historiador de arte francês Georges Didi-Huberman, tomando como ponto de partida a ideia de percurso que atravessa ambas as obras. Para tanto, baseio-me nas leituras que Joachim Seng faz do poema de Celan (1992; 1998), nas quais lê "Engführung" como um trajeto do eu-poético pelo campo de concentração (Auschwitz) que é, ao mesmo tempo, campo da memória e linguagem. Em "Cascas", Didi-Huberman relata o percurso da sua visita a Auschwitz, enfocando o papel do olhar na realização do trabalho da memória. Nesse sentido, ao posicionar lado a lado o poema e o ensaio, estes parecem apontar para modos de olhar e dizer Auschwitz que colocam para o leitor as tensões inerentes a este movimento, não se omitem desta tarefa ética e refletem criticamente a postura individual e coletiva diante da lacuna do testemunho e do que resta do campo de concentração.
Medicinal plants represent a big reservoir for discovering new drugs against all kinds of diseases including inflammation. In spite the large number of promising anti-inflammatory plant extracts and isolated components, research on medicinal plants proves to be very difficult. Based on that background this review aims to provide a summarized insight into the hitherto known pharmacologically active concentrations, bioavailability, and clinical efficacy of boswellic acids, curcumin, quercetin and resveratrol. These examples have in common that the achieved plasma concentrations were found to be often far below the determined IC50 values in vitro. On the other hand demonstrated therapeutic effects suggest a necessity of rethinking our pharmacokinetic understanding. In this light this review discusses the value of plasma levels as pharmacokinetic surrogates in comparison to the more informative value of tissue concentrations. Furthermore the need for new methodological approaches is addressed like the application of combinatorial approaches for identifying and pharmacokinetic investigations of active multi-components. Also the physiological relevance of exemplary in vitro assays and absorption studies in cell-line based models is discussed. All these topics should be ideally considered to avoid inaccurate predictions for the efficacy of herbal components in vivo and to unlock the “black box” of herbal mixtures.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are currently hot topics in industry and business practice, while management-oriented research disciplines seem reluctant to adopt these sophisticated data analytics methods as research instruments. Even the Information Systems (IS) discipline with its close connections to Computer Science seems to be conservative when conducting empirical research endeavors. To assess the magnitude of the problem and to understand its causes, we conducted a bibliographic review on publications in high-level IS journals. We reviewed 1,838 articles that matched corresponding keyword-queries in journals from the AIS senior scholar basket, Electronic Markets and Decision Support Systems (Ranked B). In addition, we conducted a survey among IS researchers (N = 110). Based on the findings from our sample we evaluate different potential causes that could explain why ML methods are rather underrepresented in top-tier journals and discuss how the IS discipline could successfully incorporate ML methods in research undertakings.
We focus on the role of social media as a high-frequency, unfiltered mass information transmission channel and how its use for government communication affects the aggregate stock markets. To measure this effect, we concentrate on one of the most prominent Twitter users, the 45th President of the United States, Donald J. Trump. We analyze around 1,400 of his tweets related to the US economy and classify them by topic and textual sentiment using machine learning algorithms. We investigate whether the tweets contain relevant information for financial markets, i.e. whether they affect market returns, volatility, and trading volumes. Using high-frequency data, we find that Trump’s tweets are most often a reaction to pre-existing market trends and therefore do not provide material new information that would influence prices or trading. We show that past market information can help predict Trump’s decision to tweet about the economy.
"Calderón als religiöser Dichter" ist einer von Krauss' interessantesten Aufsätzen der frühen Jahre, von denen "einige zur Zeit ihres Erscheinens wissenschaftlich bahnbrechend waren", wie Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht in seinem Porträt von Werner Krauss in "Das Leben und Sterben der großen Romanisten" konstatiert. [...] Erwartbar wäre gewesen, in Calderón das Ende des mittelalterlich geprägten Kosmos zu sehen, des imperialen 'Goldenen Zeitalters' Spaniens (ca. 1550 bis 1680), in dem es im barocken Schauspiel zu Exzessen der illusionistischen Überwältigung und Massenspektakeln des Glaubens kam. Doch für Krauss ist Calderón vielmehr ein Weg, der direkt in die Dialektik der Aufklärung führt. Das Rettbare, das auf die Praxis des konkreten Handelns Beziehbare muss bei Calderón das Widerständige sein, das auch Carlo Barck an Krauss' Studie faszinierte. [...] Zwei Gedanken lassen sich aus seinem Artikel filtern, die sich an aktuell stark diskutierte Probleme anschließen lassen. Zum einen geht es um Materialität, zum anderen um humanistische Anliegen, die sich in den Kulturtechniken einer Religionskultur wie der des spanischen Katholizismus des 17. Jahrhunderts auffinden und aktualisieren lassen, etwa im Bilderhandeln oder im Umgang mit Schuldempfinden. Es spricht für Krauss' weitreichendes Verständnis religiöser Phänomene, dass er an ihnen Dinge wie Präsenz, Immersion und Liminalität auf den Punkt bringen konnte.