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Although many observers consider the Bush administration’s “faith-based initiative” a unique breach in the wall of separation between church and state, close ties between the federal government and religious agencies are no novelty in the history of American public policy. Since the end of the Second World War, billions of dollars of public funds have been made available to religiously-affiliated hospitals, nursing homes, educational institutions, and social services - institutions which were regarded as vital to Cold War preparedness. By the same token, government use of religious foreign aid agencies, the donation of surplus land and military facilities to religious charities, and the funding of the chaplaincy in the armed forces have undergirded Cold War foreign policy goals. Based on the principle of subsidiarity, post-war public policy thus integrated religious groups into the framework of the welfare and national security state in ways which underwrote both the expansion of the federal government and the growth of religious agencies. Crucially, public funding relations involved not only mainline Protestant, Jewish and Catholic organizations, but also white evangelicals, who had traditionally been the most outspoken opponents of closer ties between church and state. Cold War Anti-Communism, the fear of Catholic or secularist control of public funds, and pragmatic considerations, however, ushered in the gradual revision of their separatist views. Ironically, the programs of Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society, so vilified by the Christian Right, pioneered many of the funding streams most beneficial to evangelical providers. Considering that since 1945 the sprawling and loosely organized evangelical movement has become the largest single religious faction in the US, and that conservative Protestants now form the most strongly Republican group in the religious spectrum, these findings are of particular importance. They suggest that Cold War state-building and the resurgence of Evangelicalism mutually reinforced each other in ways which have been largely ignored by scholarship on conservatism and its focus on the “backlash” against the political and cultural upheaval of the 1960s. Based on newly accessible archival materials and a comprehensive review of secondary literature, this paper suggests that the institutional and ideological ties between evangelicals and the state, which developed in the aftermath of the Second World War, are as important in understanding the political mobilization of conservative Protestants as the more recent “culture war” sentiments.
Die Metapher vom Eisernen Vorhang beherrscht unsere Wahrnehmung des Kalten Kriegs bis heute. Doch welchen Einfluss hatte die Trennung zwischen Ost und West auf die sozial- und kulturhistorische Selbsterforschung Europas in der zeitgenössischen Geschichts- und Literaturwissenschaft? Barbara Picht macht das Ost-West-Paradigma selbst zum Untersuchungsgegenstand der Wissenschaftsgeschichte, anstatt es zu übernehmen. Sie analysiert signifikante kulturelle Selbstentwürfe im Europa des Kalten Krieges mit einem Schwerpunkt auf Geschichte und Literatur. Am Beispiel des Werkes von Fernand Braudel und Robert Minder (Frankreich), Werner Conze und Ernst Robert Curtius (BRD), Walter Markov und Werner Krauss (DDR) und Oskar Halecki und Czesław Miłosz (Polen bzw. US-amerikanisches Exil) zeigt sie, dass die "Interpreten Europas" der bipolaren Logik der Systemkonfrontation nicht gehorchten. Die "institutionelle Macht" des Kalten Krieges war sehr wohl zu spüren, doch vom beherrschenden Bild des 'iron curtain' muss man sich lösen, geht es um die Geschichte der europäischen Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften im Systemkonflikt.
Sustained by well-established anti-American stereotypes and clichés, the romance between German and American culture has been a key ingredient of German cinema since its inception. The encounter with American mass culture produced compelling stories of infatuation and seduction, but also of conquest and surrender.
Es gehört zu den Eigenarten der Romane Klaus Manns, daß ihre Handlung vorzugsweise in der Gegenwart oder zumindest der jüngsten Vergangenheit angesiedelt ist. Das war - um nur diese Beispiele zu nennen - der Fall in "Flucht in den Norden", in "Mephisto" und in "Der Vulkan". Es trifft in besonderem Maße für einen Fragment gebliebenen Roman "The Last Day" zu. Er sollte an einem einzigen Tag, dem 13. August 1947, spielen, und dies war auch der Tag, an dem Klaus Mann die ersten Notizen zu dem Roman niederschrieb. Ein hohes Maß an Aktualität war diesem Projekt also von Anfang an eigen, und dieses Maß verringerte sich bis zum April 1949, dem Zeitpunkt der letzten Arbeiten an dem Manuskript, nicht im geringsten, es nahm eher noch zu. Wie bekannt, handelt es von dem tragischen Untergang zweier Intellektueller im Kalten Krieg.