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The Japanese micropterigid moths are revised. Seventeen species in five genera are recognized from Japan, described or redescribed with the male and female genital figures. Of these, two genera, Issikiomartyria HASHIMOTO and Kurolkopteryx HASHIMOTO, and seven species, Issikiomartyria akemiae HASHIMOTO, Issikiomartylia plicata HASHIMOTO, Issihiomartyria distincta HASHIMOTO, Issihiomartyria bisegmentata HASHIMOTO, Kurokopteryx dolichocerata HASHIMOTO, Neomicropteryx hiwana HASHIMOTO, and Neomicropteryx redacta HASHIMOTO, are new to science. A new combination is given: Issikiomartyria nudata (Issuu). Biology and immature structures of the Japanese species are also described together with the keys to genera and to species provided on the basis of the adult characters. Phylogenetic relationships among the Northern Hemisphere genera are analyzed by the cladistic analysis using PAUP* (SWOFFORD, 2002) based on the morphological characters of adults. A monophyly of the Northern Hemisphere genera except for Micropterix is supported by nine apomorphies, but their immediate sister taxon remains unresolved.
Amage imajimai sp. nov., a new species of Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japanese waters
(2015)
A new polychaete species of the family Ampharetidae, Amage imajimai sp. nov., is described from deep waters of Sagami Bay, Japan. It is characterized by the possession of four pairs of branchiae, twelve thoracic uncinigers, eleven abdominal uncinigers, and the lack of thoracic notopodial cirri. The new species is named in honor of the renowned Japanese polychaetologist Minoru Imajima. An identification key for all Amage species from Japanese waters is provided.
Traditional philology in Japan (kokubungaku) is often described, both at home and abroad, as having a phobia of theory. The literary scholar often speaks the same language as the poet, and in many cases, as in the second edition of Iwanami Literary Studies (Iwanami Kōza Bungaku, 1975–1976), they are one and the same person. However, a closer look at Japanese literary studies since the translation of Eagleton´s Literary Theory in 1985 reveals that this paradigm has already started to shift. The publication of the third edition of Iwanami Literary Studies, and in particular the supplement Literary Theory (Bungaku Riron, 2004) distinctly reflects this shift, at least among the younger generation of literary scholars. In my paper I will show not only the shift to theory in recent Japanese literary studies, but also that theory itself (as it is used in Japan) has experienced that worldwide movement described as the “cultural turn.” In order to prove this observation I will take a closer look at the contemporary English, German and Japanese discourse on literary theory and, in particular concepts such as contingency, (new) contextuality, and culturalism.
We test the menu cost model of Ball and Mankiw (1994, 1995), which implies that the impact of price dispersion on inflation should differ between inflation and deflation episodes, using data for Japan and Hong Kong. We use a random cross-section sample split when calculating the moments of the distribution of price changes to mitigate the small-cross-sectionsample bias noted by Cecchetti and Bryan (1999). The parameter on the third moment is positive and significant in both countries during both the inflation and deflation periods, and the parameter on the second moment changes sign in the deflation period, as the theory predicts. Keywords: inflation, deflation, menu costs, Hong Kong, Japan JEL Numbers: E31
Seit der Meiji-Zeit spielte die Germanistik unter den Fremdsprachenphilologien an japanischen Universitäten eine Sonderrolle. Von konservativen Politikern gefördert, um den aus England und Frankreich importieren demokratischen Ideen entgegenzuwirken (vgl. Naka 1998), konnte das Deutsche unter den zweiten Fremdsprachen bis in die jüngste Zeit seine führende Rolle behaupten. Inzwischen ist das Fach jedoch aus internen und externen Gründen in eine Krise geraten. Die seit der Nachkriegszeit mehrfach in Angriff genommene, aber erst seit Ende der 80er Jahre tatsächlich einsetzende Universitätsreform spielt dabei eine entscheidende Rolle. Es wird im folgenden darum gehen, die Germanistik innerhalb dieses wesentlich politisch bestimmten Feldes zu verorten. Ich werde zunächst einige Grundlinien der japanischen Universität in Erinnerung bringen, wie sie bis in die 80er Jahre hinein einigermaßen unbefragt galten, anschließend die Probleme skizzieren, die sich daraus ergaben und die Universitätsreform erläutern. Abschließend wird es um die Folgen für die Germanistik, die zweiten Fremdsprachen und das Deutsche gehen. Sämtliche Ausführungen beziehen sich, wenn nicht anders vermerkt, auf die staatlichen Universitäten. Die privaten Universitäten haben naturgemäß mehr Freiheiten bei der Gestaltung ihrer Studiengänge und spielen daher teilweise eine Vorreiterrolle. In Ausrichtung, Zielgruppe und finanziellen Möglichkeiten sind sie aber so unterschiedlich, daß sie nur schwer als Gruppe zu fassen sind. Dennoch ergeben sich Übereinstimmungen mit den staatlichen Universitäten, weil sie deren ökonomisches und demographisches Umfeld teilen. Zudem müssen sich auch die privaten Hochschulen an die Richtlinien des Erziehungsministeriums halten. Auch für sie gelten also die Grundlinien der Reformen, es müssen hier aber je nach Ausrichtung der Hochschule verschieden starke Abstriche gemacht werden.
Diversity and distribution of adeonid bryozoans (Cheilostomata: Adeonidae) in Japanese waters
(2016)
Adeonid bryozoans construct antler-like erect colonies and are common in bryozoan assemblages along the Japanese Pacific coast. The taxonomy of Japanese adeonid species, however, has not been studied since their original descriptions more than 100 years ago. In the present study, adeonid specimens from historical collections and material recently collected along the Japanese coast are examined. Eight adeonid species in two genera were detected, of which Adeonella jahanai sp. nov., Adeonellopsis parvirostrum sp. nov., and Adeonellopsis toyoshioae sp. nov. are described as new species based on the branch width, size and morphology of frontal or suboral avicularia, shape and size of areolar pores, and size of the spiramen. Adeonellopsis arculifera (Canu & Bassler, 1929) is a new record for Japan. Lectotypes for Adeonellopsis japonica (Ortmann, 1890) and Adeonella sparassis (Ortmann, 1890) were selected among Ortmann’s syntypes. Most species of Adeonellopsis around Japan have a southern distribution from Sagami Bay to Okinawa, while A. japonica shows a more northern distribution from Kouchi to Otsuchi. In contrast, Adeonellopsis arculifera was collected only from southwestern Japan. A key to Japanese adeonid species is provided.