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O ensaio investiga os pressupostos filosóficos e críticos de dois modos de conceber a representação literária dos sonhos, contrapondo as obras de André Breton ao livro de protocolos oníricos de Adorno, com o objetivo de refletir sobre o sentido do surrealismo e as relações entre arte, sociedade e psicanálise.
The purpose of the text is to present an interpretation of Theodor Adorno’s critical reading of authors considered revisionists of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, particularly Karen Horney. We discuss critically Adorno’s favorable positioning to the Freudian conception of the individual psychic nucleus in contrast to the hasty sociologization of psychoanalysis practiced by the revisionism of Karen Horney. In the final part we try to show how the Adornian perspective ends up by making, in his own way, the same mistake of a hasty sociologization of psychoanalysis he imputed to the revisionists and advocates an theoretical emphasis on the sociological realm that seems also problematic.
Anxiety and politics
(2017)
The English version of this article was first published in 1957. The journal tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique republished it 60 years later in 2017. In this essay, Franz L. Neumann discusses the role of anxiety in politics. The article asks: How does it happen that the masses sell their souls to leaders and follow them blindly? On what does the power of attraction of leaders over masses rest? What are the historical situations in which this identification of leader and masses is successful, and what view of history do the men have who accept leaders? For answering these questions, the author suggests a combination of political economy, Freudian political psychology, and ideology critique. He sees anxiety in the context of alienation. Alienation is analysed as a multidimensional phenomenon consisting of economic, political, social and psychological alienation. Neumann introduces the notions of Caesaristic identification, institutionalised anxiety and persecutory anxiety. The essay shows that fascism remains an actual threat in capitalist societies.
„Ich will zu diesem Vorkommnis aus dem psychischen Binnenleben das Seitenstück aus dem sozialen Leben suchen.“ Mit diesem Satz gelangt [Sigmund] Freud zum Begriff der Zensur und kann dann all dessen Ausdruckskraft nutzen – Unterdrückungsinstanz unangenehmer Wahrheiten, Zwang zur Mäßigung und Verstellung –, um seine neue psychologische Entdeckung zu erläutern: „eine bis ins einzelne durchzuführende Übereinstimmung zwischen den Phänomenen der Zensur und denen der Traumdeutung“. [André] Breton verdankt Freuds Zensurbegriff den entscheidenden Anstoß. Sein Programm des Surrealismus besteht im wesentlichen darin, traditionelle sprachreligiöse Idee auf moderne und provokante Art neu zu formulieren – und Freuds Zensurbegriff ist es, der dabei die Modernität und Provokation ausmacht. Die ‚écriture automatique’ folgt der literarisch-religiösen Idee von der sich selbst sagenden, sich selbst schreibenden Wahrheit. Die wichtigen Texte haben keinen Verfasser, heißt es, jedenfalls nicht einen Menschen bei wachem Verstand, sondern sind Offenbarungen aus göttlicher Quelle oder, sprachreligiös gewendet, der Sprache selbst.