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One of the cruxes of Walter Benjamin’s work is the tension between an indebting and an expiating "memoria", i. e. the afflicting and the salvific insistence of history within the present moment. On the one hand, memory inscribes itself onto spaces and bodies in the violent and painful fashion of Kafka's "Penal Colony" apparatus. On the other hand, it can, in the form of rememoration ('Eingedenken'), sublate these very inscriptions. This sublation usually involves some form of redemptive, timely (re-)verbalization, but Benjamin’s conception of it varies. To gain a better insight into this inherent, varying tension, the article will take a closer look at the connection between pain, memory and law-positing violence in some Benjaminian texts, occasionally relating them to the historical background of his discussion.
Wer nach positiven Bestimmungen der Desorientierung sucht, wird bei Benjamin schnell fündig. So ist der Flaneur, eine zentrale Figur im Passagen-Projekt, nicht zu denken, ohne die Fähigkeit, sich zu desorientieren. Beim Flanieren wird die Stadt erkundet, ohne den jeweils eigenen Standort genau bestimmen zu können (vgl. z. B. GS V, 524 f. u. 1052 f.). Die Probleme, die mit Benjamins "Irrkünsten" (GS VI, 469) einhergehen, werden von ihm kaum expliziert, sondern zeigen sich lediglich in der Praxis. Am Beispiel einer Handschrift der Vorrede zum Trauerspielbuch lässt sich nachzeichnen, wie Benjamin trotz des emphatischen Plädoyers für eine "Kunst des Absetzens" (GS I, 212, 931) die Desorientierung beim Schreiben als Problem ausmacht, das praktische Lösungsmöglichkeiten erfordert.
In a letter to Scholem, dated 22 December, 1924, Benjamin famously writes of the manuscript that was to become his 'Trauerspiel' book: "[I]ndessen überrascht mich nun vor allem, daß, wenn man so will, das Geschriebene fast ganz aus Zitaten besteht" (GS I.3, 881). Much has been made of the mosaic-like citational technique to which Benjamin refers here; his "Zitatbegriff" is said, for example, to subtend the theory of a "mikrologische Verarbeitung" of "Denkbruchstücken" into "Ideen" that Benjamin develops as his theory of representation in the "Erkenntniskritische Vorrede", which in turn figures the relation between individual phenomena and their "ideas" in astral terms. Because, however, the 'Trauerspiel' book is so often understood only on this theoretical level, e.g. as either an early articulation of Benjamin’s "avant garde" and "messianic" philosophy of history (Jäger, Kany, and Pizer) or as a performance of his systems of allegory (Menninghaus) and "constructivism" (Schöttker), his "Zitierpraxis" and the actual citations that form large parts of 'Der Ursprung des deutschen Trauerspiel' have seldom been read for the purchase they provide on the vexed status of the period and concept that was the book’s direct subject, namely, the German Baroque.