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Heilige Texte im modernen Japan? : das "Kojiki" im Blick von Ōkura Kunihiko und Tsuda Sōkichi
(2017)
In räumlicher Erweiterung der Frage nach 'heiligen Texten' in der Moderne sei der Blick auf Japan gerichtet. Denn nicht unerheblich sind Überlegungen darüber, ob es sich beim 'heiligen Text' um eine über Europa hinaus anwendbare Denkfigur handelt, die auch Perspektiven für transkulturelle Forschungen eröffnet. Japan bietet durch seine lange, wechselvolle Erfahrung im Umgang mit anderen Kulturen einen idealen Fall für transkulturelle Vergleiche an, mit denen sowohl die Verhältnisse in Japan näher beleuchtet als auch zugleich die eigenen Ausgangsbedingungen hinterfragt werden können. Wie es dazu kam, dass gerade das 'Kojiki' zum exemplarischen 'heiligen Text' in Japan avancierte und welchem geistesgeschichtlichen Kontext diese Wahrnehmung verbunden ist, sei im Folgenden näher erläutert.
Interview mit Katerina Teaiwa über ihr Buch zu den Umweltschäden und schweren Menschenrechtsverletzungen auf der Insel Ocean Island (Banaba) aufgrund des Phosphatabbaus durch Besatzungs- und Kolonialmächte.
In trying to study the idea of landscape (fukei) in Japanese waka-poetry, one may find oneself confronted with a great variety of concepts. All of these share commonalities in that they are not at all defined, that their meaning depends on personal usage (at the level of the producer, as well as of the researcher who often speaks the same language), and that they can be understood on a wide spectrum between the two extreme positions marked by fiction and reality (without, of course, any scientific concept about what fiction and reality might be). Although European traditions are coping with the concept of landscape in an aesthetical and philosophical way, there is no such comparable tradition in traditional Japanese literary history (kokubungaku). Because of this, there is no satisfactory way to conceptually understand waka-landscape, since the very basic key-term itself is not mutually accessible. European and Japanese concepts of landscape may not, therefore, be able to be brought together. To have an international scientific discussion on landscape (found in every culture historically and up to the present), it is necessary to develop a concept of landscape which is not only an issue of arts, aesthetics or philosophy, but also the subject of anthropological approaches and cultural studies. In this paper, I attempt to develop a concept of landscape, which is based on constructivism and the psychology of perception and memory. I will also show how constructivist thought has gained great popularity in German social and cultural studies.