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The "World Geography" ("Wanguo dili quanji" 萬國地理全集) published in 1844 by the Protestant missionary Karl F.A. Gützlaff was the first geographical account to introduce some European ethnotypes to China. Based on recent archival findings, my article compares this book with both its presumed Western source and its rendering in the 1847 edition of Wei Yuan 魏源's "Maps and Documents of the Maritime Countries" ("Haiguo tuzhi" 海國圖志). It thus explores the role that interlingual and intralingual transfers respectively played first in negotiating and then renegotiating two European stereotypes in their early travels to and within the Qing empire.
In this paper, I will address the issue of translation as a critique of autochthony that emerges in the context of Fritz Mauthner's linguistic scepticism. Translation, for Mauthner, becomes a privileged prism through which to consider identity and belonging, as well as a way of understanding uprootedness, since language is a continuous product of borrowing, bastardization, stratification, and contingency. According to Mauthner, languages are not possession, but borrowing; not purity, but contagion; not an abstract crystallization, but transit. Therefore, love of the mother tongue - the only way to conceive patriotism - is not a physical connection with the land, roots, or nation, but a refuge, an always precarious 'Heimat' (home).
The measurement of protein dynamics by proteomics to study cell remodeling has seen increased attention over the last years. This development is largely driven by a number of technological advances in proteomics methods. Pulsed stable isotope labeling in cell culture (SILAC) combined with tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling has evolved as a gold standard for profiling protein synthesis and degradation. While the experimental setup is similar to typical proteomics experiments, the data analysis proves more difficult: After peptide identification through search engines, data extraction requires either custom scripted pipelines or tedious manual table manipulations to extract the TMT-labeled heavy and light peaks of interest. To overcome this limitation, which deters researchers from using protein dynamic proteomics, we developed a user-friendly, browser-based application that allows easy and reproducible data analysis without the need for scripting experience. In addition, we provide a python package that can be implemented in established data analysis pipelines. We anticipate that this tool will ease data analysis and spark further research aimed at monitoring protein translation and degradation by proteomics.
Liest man einen Text Hélène Cixous' auf Deutsch, stammt die Übersetzung mit an Sicherheit grenzender Wahrscheinlichkeit aus der Feder von Claudia Simma oder Esther von der Osten. Von einigen wenigen Ausnahmen abgesehen, sind sie die beiden einzigen Übersetzerinnen von Cixous' Werk ins Deutsche. Am 07. Oktober 2021 fand unter dem Titel "Schreiben, das heißt übersetzen" ein Gespräch zwischen ihnen statt, in dem sie anhand ausgewählter Beispiele Übersetzungsentscheidungen reflektierten und Einblick in ihre Arbeit mit, am und im Cixous'schen Sprachkosmos gaben. Diesem öffentlichen Teil des Zusammentreffens gingen Korrespondenzen, Gespräche und gegenseitige Lektüren voraus, im Zuge derer sich jene Leitmotive formierten, die später den Verlauf des Podiumsgesprächs strukturieren sollten: Cixous' Bezug zum Deutschen, der Sprache ihrer Mutter und Großmutter, die sich von frühester Kindheit an ihrem Gehör einprägt; die Cixous' Person und Werk eigene Transgressivität, die zu übersetzerischer Freiheit auffordert und nach dieser verlangt; die Schwierigkeit, die Polysemie einer Autorin zu übertragen, die erst in den letzten Jahrzehnten auch im deutschsprachigen Raum vermehrt rezipiert wird. 'Tours' und 'vers', zwei Wörter, die stellvertretend für zahleiche weitere stehen, deren Vieldeutigkeit und wechselnde Rollen im Textgefüge nicht auf einen Begriff zu bringen sind, dienten als Ausgangspunkte in die schwindelerregenden Höhen und die mitunter unheimlichen Tiefen der beiden so sprechenden Sprachen Deutsch und Französisch.
The Romanian folk poetry, especially the Romanian folk ballad raised the interest of German translators in the 19th century, who proved the size of their talent by translating the ballads in German and by popularizing them among the German readers in the country and abroad. The paper focuses on aspects of translation motifs of five German authors (W. von Kotzebue, C.F.W. Rudow, A. Franken, A. Forstenheim, Carmen Sylva) taking into account their life experiences, professional commitments and friendship for the Romanians. The study aims to highlight the principles and difficulties of translation as a result of the authors’ wish to translate the original text as accurately as possible and as close as possible to the spirit of the Romanian folk poetry.
The present study intends to analyze the literary personality of the German-language writer and translator Alfred Margul-Sperber and his approach to Romanian folk poetry and Romanian folk ballads. Alfred Margul-Sperber is known as a classical German-language poet from Romania, as a discoverer and supporter of literary talent, but also as a brilliant translator. Impressions from his childhood and life experiences contributed to Alfred MargulSperber’s interest for Romanian poets and especially for Romanian folk poetry, which left its own mark on Sperber’s literary creation. The author was fascinated by its plurality of forms, its richness of rhymes, images and sounds. The masterpiece of Romanian folk poetry, “Mioriţa/The little Ewe”-ballad raised the interest of the multilingual translator who proved his outstanding talent by translating the original text into German as accurately as possible and remarkably close to the spirit of the Romanian folk poetry, thus popularizing it among the German readers at home and abroad.
In Auszügen rezipiert – Bemerkungen zu der Übersetzung von Max Frischs Tagebüchern ins Rumänische
(2010)
Romanian readers interested in Max Frisch’s literary diaries can find the Romanian translation of some heterogeneous notes or groups of notes, dispersed in different periodicals from 1972 to 2001, and the volume Journal (1984) including a selection of fragments from the diaries Tagebuch 1946-1949 and Tagebuch 1966-1971 translated by Corina Jiva. The present article emphasizes favorite as well as excluded thematic fields while making the selection and pinpoints the translator’s role as an authority endowed with preventive censorship.
Alman çeviribilim tarihi incelendiğinde günümüz çeviri kuram ve yaklaşımlarının çıkış noktasını oluşturan iki temel yaklaşım ortaya çıkar. Birinci yaklaşım Martin Luther'in İncil çeviri sürecinde pratik olarak uyguladığı çeviri yöntemini kuramsal bir düzleme taşıdığı, "Almancalaştırma" yöntemidir. Luther'in Almancalaştırma yöntemi, günümüz İşlevsel Çeviribilim ekolünün temelini oluşturur. İkinci temel yaklaşım Friedrich Schleiermacher'in, "yabancılaştırıcı çeviri" veya "yabancılaştırma" yöntemidir. Bu yöntem günümüz "çeviri yorumbilim", diğer bir ismiyle "çeviri hermeneutiği" ekolünü derinden etkileyen kuramsal çalışma olarak karşımıza çıkar. F. Schleiermacher bugünkü çeviri hermeneutiği ekolünün çıkış noktasını oluşturan makalesinde, çeviri ile hermeneutik arasındaki bağı ilk defa dile getiren kişidir. Alman çeviri dünyasında F. Schleiermacher'den sonra ilk F. Paepcke, sonrasında ise R. Stolze ile ortaya çıkan hermeneutik çeviri yaklaşımları, İşlevsel Çeviribilim, Betimleyici Yaklaşım ve Çoğuldizge Kuramlarının etkisiyle önceleri çeviri alanında kendine pek yer bulamamış ve soyut olmakla eleştirilmiştir. Fakat son yıllarda çeviri kalitesi ve çevirinin toplumsal değeri gibi konuların gündeme gelmesiyle birlikte, çeviribilim yeniden kendi doğası olan, kaynak metni anlamaya odaklanarak, 'Schleiermacherci' bir yaklaşımın tekrardan öne çıktığını gözlemlemek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, Friedrich Schleiermacher'den başlayarak günümüze kadar 'kesintili' olarak gelen ve 70'li yıllardan itibaren yeniden çeviri tartışmalarının odak noktası haline gelen çeviri yorumbilimin tarihsel gelişimi ve bu alanda yapılan çalışmalar, tarihi öneme sahip kişiler üzerinden incelenecektir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çevirmenin karar verme süreçlerinin belirleyicisi olan, fakat bugüne kadar çeviri araştırmasının merkezinde yer almayan anlama sürecinin, çeviribilim içindeki tarihsel gelişimi içinde ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla çeviribilim alanında oluşan yorumbilimsel çeviri ekolünün çeviri kuramsal alanda neyi temsil ettiğini tartışmaktır.
Als eines der "treibenden Kräfte" des Internets kann das populäre Videoportal YouTube angesehen werden, das täglich von Millionen von Internetnutzern besucht wird. Es ist nicht nur ein Online-Feld, in dem Menschen aus aller Welt Videos aus den unterschiedlichsten Weltbereichen oder ihrer Interessen teilen, sondern auch aus sprachlicher Sicht handelt es sich um einen faszinierenden Ort. Dies spiegelt sich in der sog. YouTube-Sprache wider, die das Hauptthema dieses Beitrags ist. Das Hauptziel des Beitrags ist es dabei, auf das Phänomen "YouTube-Sprache" aufmerksam zu machen und sie in Bezug auf die Merkmale der Internetsprache zu behandeln. Das zusammenhängende Ziel ist es, durch konkrete Beispiele darauf hinzuweisen, wie sich diese "Sprache" im Deutschen, bzw. im deutschsprachigen YouTube-Bereich, manifestiert. Ein weiteres Ziel besteht in der Klärung einiger angeführter Beispiele der YouTube-Sprache, d.h. der Wörter, bzw. Wortverbindungen, die zum gesamten Charakter dieser Sprache beitragen.
Konflikte erfüllen eine wesentliche Funktion in der Zusammenarbeit der Menschen. Sie werden meistens allgemein nur als negativ angesehen, sie können jedoch auch positive Funktionen haben. Dieser Beitrag fokussiert sich auf die Rolle des Translators als "Mittler/Mediator" und der Translation als eines Produkts, d. h. eines zielsprachlichen Textes, der auf der Grundlage eines ausgangssprachlichen Textes entstanden ist, in Bezug auf verschiedene mögliche Konfliktsituationen. Im Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit steht auch die interkulturelle Funktion der Übersetzung als einer sog. sprachlichen "Mittlerin" zwischen unterschiedlichen Welten und Kulturen in der heutigen globalisierten Welt.