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Einleitung Für die Versorgung großer Narbenhernien der Bauchwand sind immer wieder neue Operationstechniken entwickelt worden. Die häufig verwendeten Alloplastiken können zwar einen statischen, jedoch keinen funktionell-muskulären Ersatz leisten und sind darüber hinaus mit einer hohen Komplikationsrate belastet. Material und Methoden In einer retrospektiven, monozentrischen Studie haben wir die Ergebnisse einer neuen Operationstechnik untersucht, die das Prinzip der intraoperativen Expansion für die funktionelle Reparatur der Bauchwand mit innervierter Rectus-abdominis-Muskulatur nutzt. Die Adaptation der originären Bauchwandmuskulatur in der Mittellinie wird dabei durch intermittierenden Zug mit 3mm breitem Vicrylband erreicht.Das Patientenkollektiv umfaßt 39 Patienten im Alter von 33 - 88 Jahren, die von 1993 bis 2002 in unserer Klinik versorgt wurde . Die Größe der Narbenhernien maß bis zu 26 x 20 cm. Alle Patienten waren bereits mehrfach voroperiert. Die Beurteilung der OP-Ergebnisse erfolgte sowohl mit der funktionellen Myosonografie als auch mit konventionellen Funktionsanalysen (Janda und Lacôte) . Ergebnisse Von den 39 untersuchten Patienten verstarben 2 Patienten, 4 Patienten (10,2 %) erlitten ein Rezidiv. Die rezidivfreie Zeit reichte von 5 - 95 Monaten. Die Myosonografie zeigte eine erhaltene Funktion der Rektusmuskulatur postoperativ mit entsprechender Dickenzunahme um 1.9 mm im Mittel und Veränderung der Muskelbreite um 4.4 mm bei willkürlicher Kontraktion. In der Funktionsanalyse erreichten die operierten Patienten auf der Skala nach Janda und Lacôte mindestens den Wert von 3, im Mittel 4 Punkte. Schlussfolgerung Die mechanischen Eigenschaften des 3mm-Vicrylbandes erlauben die intraoperative Gewebedehnung der verbliebenen Rektusmuskulatur. Im Gegensatz zu den verwendeten Alloplastiken sind durch den Einsatz resorbierbaren Nahtmaterials weniger Komplikationen zu erwarten. Die niedrige Rezidivrate und die deutliche Verbesserung der Lebensqualität der mehrfach voroperierten Patienten wird von uns auf die funktionelle Rekonstruktion der Rektusmuskulatur zurückgeführt, die durch alloplastische Verfahren bisher nicht erreicht wurde.
Gewalt in der Schule
(2004)
Japanese is often taken to be strictly head-final in its syntax. In our work on a broad-coverage, precision implemented HPSG for Japanese, we have found that while this is generally true, there are nonetheless a few minor exceptions to the broad trend. In this paper, we describe the grammar engineering project, present the exceptions we have found, and conclude that this kind of phenomenon motivates on the one hand the HPSG type hierarchical approach which allows for the statement of both broad generalizations and exceptions to those generalizations and on the other hand the usefulness of grammar engineering as a means of testing linguistic hypotheses.
While the sortal constraints associated with Japanese numeral classifiers are wellstudied, less attention has been paid to the details of their syntax. We describe an analysis implemented within a broadcoverage HPSG that handles an intricate set of numeral classifier construction types and compositionally relates each to an appropriate semantic representation, using Minimal Recursion Semantics.
Hybrid robust deep and shallow semantic processing for creativity support in document production
(2004)
The research performed in the DeepThought project (http://www.project-deepthought.net) aims at demonstrating the potential of deep linguistic processing if added to existing shallow methods that ensure robustness. Classical information retrieval is extended by high precision concept indexing and relation detection. We use this approach to demonstrate the feasibility of three ambitious applications, one of which is a tool for creativity support in document production and collective brainstorming. This application is described in detail in this paper. Common to all three applications, and the basis for their development is a platform for integrated linguistic processing. This platform is based on a generic software architecture that combines multiple NLP components and on robust minimal recursive semantics (RMRS) as a uniform representation language.
The research performed in the DeepThought project aims at demonstrating the potential of deep linguistic processing if combined with shallow methods for robustness. Classical information retrieval is extended by high precision concept indexing and relation detection. On the basis of this approach, the feasibility of three ambitious applications will be demonstrated, namely: precise information extraction for business intelligence; email response management for customer relationship management; creativity support for document production and collective brainstorming. Common to these applications, and the basis for their development is the XML-based, RMRS-enabled core architecture framework that will be described in detail in this paper. The framework is not limited to the applications envisaged in the DeepThought project, but can also be employed e.g. to generate and make use of XML standoff annotation of documents and linguistic corpora, and in general for a wide range of NLP-based applications and research purposes.
Background and Aim: In Germany, the discharge medication is usually reported to the general practitioner (GP) by an inital short report (SR) /notification (handed over to the patient) and later by a more detailed discharge letter (DL) of the hospital.
Material and Method: We asked N=536 GPs (from Frankfurt/Main and Luebeck) after the typical report format of their patients discharge medication by the local hospitals. The questionnaire asked for 26 items covering (1) the designation of the medication (brand name, generic name) in SR and DL, (2) further specifications e.g. possibilities of generic substitution or supervision of sensible medications, (3) reasons why GPs do not follow the hospitals recommendations and (4) possibilities for an improvement in the medication-related communication between GP and hospitals.
Results: 39% GPs responded sufficiently to the questionnaire. The majority of the GPs (82%) quoted that in the SR only brand names are given (often or ever) and neither the generic name or any further information on generic substitution is available (seldom or never). 65% of the responders quoted that even in the DL only brand names are given. Only 41% of the responders quoted that further treatment relevant specifications are given (often or ever). 95% responded that new medications or change of custom medication is seldom or never explained in the DL and GP were not explicitly informed about relevant medication changes. 58% of the responders quoted economic reasons for re-adjustment of the discharge medication e.g. by generic substitution. The majority of responders (83%) are favouring (useful or very useful) a pre-discharge information (e.g. via fax) about the medication and 54% a hot-line to some relevant person in the hospital when treatment problems emerge. 67% of the responders quoted in favour of regular meetings between GPs and hospital doctors regarding actual pharmacotherapy.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our survey pointed to marked deficiencies in reporting the discharge medication to GPs.
Conflict of interest: None
In the last decade, much effort went into the design of robust third-person pronominal anaphor resolution algorithms. Typical approaches are reported to achieve an accuracy of 60-85%. Recent research addresses the question of how to deal with the remaining difficult-toresolve anaphors. Lappin (2004) proposes a sequenced model of anaphor resolution according to which a cascade of processing modules employing knowledge and inferencing techniques of increasing complexity should be applied. The individual modules should only deal with and, hence, recognize the subset of anaphors for which they are competent. It will be shown that the problem of focusing on the competence cases is equivalent to the problem of giving precision precedence over recall. Three systems for high precision robust knowledge-poor anaphor resolution will be designed and compared: a ruleset-based approach, a salience threshold approach, and a machine-learning-based approach. According to corpus-based evaluation, there is no unique best approach. Which approach scores highest depends upon type of pronominal anaphor as well as upon text genre.