Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (1108)
- Doctoral Thesis (814)
- Book (58)
- Preprint (51)
- Contribution to a Periodical (43)
- Conference Proceeding (10)
- Diploma Thesis (10)
- Review (8)
- diplomthesis (4)
- Report (3)
Has Fulltext
- yes (2111)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (2111)
Keywords
- Podospora anserina (15)
- aging (15)
- mitochondria (11)
- Archaea (9)
- Haloferax volcanii (9)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (9)
- autophagy (9)
- Phylogeny (8)
- heat stress (8)
- Mitochondria (7)
- SARS-CoV-2 (7)
- gene expression (7)
- phylogeny (7)
- Cyanobacteria (6)
- Evolution (6)
- Synechococcus (6)
- West Africa (6)
- Westafrika (6)
- climate change (6)
- structural biology (6)
- 14CO2 Fixation (5)
- Cell biology (5)
- Membrane Proteins (5)
- Metabolic engineering (5)
- Molekularbiologie (5)
- NMR (5)
- Photorhabdus (5)
- RNA (5)
- archaea (5)
- auditory cortex (5)
- bats (5)
- copyright (5)
- fungi (5)
- microglia (5)
- Acetogenesis (4)
- Adhesion (4)
- Altern (4)
- Apoptosis (4)
- Arabidopsis (4)
- Benin (4)
- Biodiversity (4)
- Biosynthesis (4)
- Cochlea (4)
- Computational chemistry (4)
- Ecology (4)
- Elektrophysiologie (4)
- Gene expression (4)
- Genexpression (4)
- Metabolic Engineering (4)
- Microbiology (4)
- Mitochondrium (4)
- Neobiota (4)
- RNA sequencing (4)
- Solanum lycopersicum (4)
- Taxonomy (4)
- Thermophile (4)
- Thermus thermophilus (4)
- Transcriptome (4)
- Trypanosoma cruzi (4)
- Xenorhabdus (4)
- Yeast (4)
- alternative splicing (4)
- angiogenesis (4)
- apoptosis (4)
- bacteria (4)
- biodiversity (4)
- carotenoid biosynthesis (4)
- connection to nature (4)
- conservation (4)
- hippocampus (4)
- journals (4)
- metabolism (4)
- metabolomics (4)
- miRNA (4)
- microsatellites (4)
- paywalls (4)
- piracy (4)
- proteomics (4)
- publishing (4)
- rat (4)
- synaptic plasticity (4)
- thermotolerance (4)
- Acetogen (3)
- Acinetobacter baumannii (3)
- Aging (3)
- Arzneimitteldesign (3)
- Biochemistry (3)
- Bioenergetics (3)
- Biogeography (3)
- Biohydrogen (3)
- Biomarkers (3)
- Biotechnologie (3)
- Birds (3)
- Brieftaube (3)
- Bénin (3)
- COVID19-NMR (3)
- Carotenoids (3)
- Carotinoide (3)
- Cell differentiation (3)
- Cellular microbiology (3)
- Chironomus riparius (3)
- Climate change (3)
- Cortex (3)
- DPOAE (3)
- Developmental biology (3)
- Downy mildew (3)
- Drought (3)
- Electrophysiology (3)
- Embryos (3)
- Entomology (3)
- Flugdatenregistriergerät (3)
- Fungi (3)
- GPS <Satellitengeodäsie> (3)
- Genregulation (3)
- Glycinrezeptor (3)
- Hippocampus (3)
- Hitzeschock-Proteine (3)
- Hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (3)
- Hydrogenase (3)
- Hörrinde (3)
- Invasive species (3)
- LTP (3)
- LibGen (3)
- Light-sheet microscopy (3)
- Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition (3)
- Magnetic compass (3)
- Marine Diatoms (3)
- Membrane Transport (3)
- Mongolische Rennmaus (3)
- NMR spectroscopy (3)
- Natural products (3)
- Neozoen (3)
- Oomycetes (3)
- Orientierungsverhalten (3)
- Oxidoreductases (3)
- Photooxidation (3)
- Phylogenie (3)
- Pigmentation (3)
- Plants (3)
- Positive selection (3)
- Protein Structure (3)
- Proteine (3)
- Research article (3)
- Risk assessment (3)
- Saccharomyces (3)
- Sci-Hub (3)
- Solution NMR spectroscopy (3)
- Species distribution modelling (3)
- Stressreaktion (3)
- Systematik (3)
- Thermoanaerobacter kivui (3)
- Triatominae (3)
- Virtual Screening (3)
- Wirkstoff-Rezeptor-Bindung (3)
- Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (3)
- Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (3)
- Zebrafish (3)
- Zellkultur (3)
- abundance (3)
- adult neurogenesis (3)
- ageing (3)
- amplicon sequencing (3)
- aroma (3)
- bioacoustics (3)
- biosynthesis (3)
- caspase-8 (3)
- cell cycle (3)
- compatible solutes (3)
- cryptochrome (3)
- data-science (3)
- desiccation (3)
- development (3)
- environmental education (3)
- fermentation (3)
- global change (3)
- homeostasis (3)
- hydrogen storage (3)
- iCLIP (3)
- literature (3)
- microbiome (3)
- natural products (3)
- photosynthesis (3)
- polyploidy (3)
- population genetics (3)
- proteasome (3)
- roots (3)
- sRNA (3)
- species distribution model (3)
- species richness (3)
- structure–activity relationships (3)
- systems biology (3)
- taxonomy (3)
- temperature (3)
- transcription (3)
- transcriptome (3)
- tumor microenvironment (3)
- vasculogenesis (3)
- zebrafish (3)
- 5-lipoxygenase (2)
- 5′-UTR (2)
- A. thaliana (2)
- ABC transporter (2)
- AChE (2)
- AJAP1 (2)
- ATP (2)
- Abundanz (2)
- Acetobacterium woodii (2)
- Acetogenic bacteria (2)
- Acinetobacter (2)
- Adaptation (2)
- Agroecology (2)
- Aloe (2)
- Ameisen (2)
- Amino Acid Pools (2)
- Anacystis (2)
- Angiogenese (2)
- Angiogenesis (2)
- Animal flight (2)
- Antarctica (2)
- Antibiotic Resistance (2)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (2)
- Ascomycota (2)
- Asphodelaceae (2)
- Bacteria (2)
- Bacterial physiology (2)
- Bacterial structural biology (2)
- Bioaccumulation (2)
- Biocatalysis (2)
- Biodiversität (2)
- Bioethanol (2)
- Biofuel (2)
- Bioinformatik (2)
- Biomarker (2)
- Biosynthese (2)
- Biotechnology (2)
- Bird flight (2)
- Bleaching Herbicides (2)
- Brieftaube ; Orientierungsverhalten ; Flugdatenregistriergerät ; GPS <Satellitengeodäsie> (2)
- Bungarus (2)
- Cancer (2)
- Canis lupus (2)
- Carbon capture (2)
- Carnivora (2)
- Carnivores (2)
- Cell signalling (2)
- Chemical communication (2)
- Chemistry (2)
- Chloroplast (2)
- Cicer arietinum (2)
- Climate (2)
- Coenzyme A (2)
- Comparative genomics (2)
- Connectomics (2)
- Conservation (2)
- Covid19-NMR (2)
- Crustacea (2)
- Cryoelectron microscopy (2)
- Cryptochrome 1a (2)
- DNA Transformation (2)
- DNA barcoding (2)
- DNA transporter (2)
- DNA uptake (2)
- Desiccation resistance (2)
- Deutschland (2)
- Development (2)
- Dicarboxylic acids (2)
- Dioscorea (2)
- Docking (2)
- Domestic animals (2)
- Drug design (2)
- EROD (2)
- Ecological modelling (2)
- Ecological speciation (2)
- Ecosystem services (2)
- Ecotoxicogenomics (2)
- Ecotoxicology (2)
- Eisenzeit (2)
- Electron Bifurcation (2)
- Electron Transfer (2)
- Electron Transport (2)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (2)
- Embryo toxicity (2)
- Endothelial cells (2)
- Energy Conservation (2)
- Energy Metabolism (2)
- Energy conservation (2)
- Enzym (2)
- Enzyme Mechanisms (2)
- European beech (2)
- Evolutionary biology (2)
- Extracellular matrix (2)
- F1Fo-ATP-synthase (2)
- Formate dehydrogenase (2)
- Freshwater (2)
- GABA (2)
- Genetics (2)
- Genome (2)
- Gentherapie (2)
- Gephyrin (2)
- Germany (2)
- Gesundheitsgefährdung (2)
- Golgi (2)
- Guanylatcyclase (2)
- HCV (2)
- HIV (2)
- Hefe (2)
- Hefeartige Pilze (2)
- Hitzestress (2)
- Homology (2)
- Host-parasite interaction (2)
- Hydrogen production (2)
- Hydrogen storage (2)
- Hören (2)
- INS (2)
- Inhibition (2)
- Invertebrates (2)
- Iron Age (2)
- Iron-Sulfur Protein (2)
- Ischemia (2)
- Kosten (2)
- Krebs (Medizin) (2)
- Land cover (2)
- Light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy (2)
- MICOS (2)
- Macrotermes (2)
- Marsupials (2)
- Maus (2)
- Maxent (2)
- Melatonin (2)
- Membrane Biogenesis (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Metabolomics (2)
- Metalloenzymes (2)
- Methylorubrum extorquens (2)
- Methylorubrum extorquens AM1 (2)
- Microplastic (2)
- Mikroplastik (2)
- Mitochondrien (2)
- Mittelhirn (2)
- Modification (2)
- Molecular biology (2)
- Molekulare Bioinformatik (2)
- Morphogenesis (2)
- Morphology (2)
- Motivation (2)
- NS3 (2)
- NS5A (2)
- Namibia (2)
- Neophyten <Botanik> (2)
- Nervenzelle (2)
- Neural circuits (2)
- Neuronal Differentiation (2)
- Neurons (2)
- Neuroscience (2)
- Niche (2)
- Non-coding RNA (2)
- Non-invasive sampling (2)
- Oaks (2)
- Olpidiopsis (2)
- Onkologie (2)
- Operons (2)
- Opisthobranchia (2)
- Ovary (2)
- Oxidative stress (2)
- Pantothenate (2)
- Parkinson’s disease (2)
- Parmeliaceae (2)
- Peronosporaceae (2)
- Petri net (2)
- Pflanzenphysiologie (2)
- Pflanzensoziologie (2)
- Pflanzenstress (2)
- Phaeodactylum tricornutum (2)
- Photosynthese (2)
- Photosynthesis (2)
- Phycocyanin-Free Lamellae (2)
- Phycomyces blakesleeanus (2)
- Plant stress (2)
- Plattenepithelcarcinom (2)
- Population genetics (2)
- Protein Translocation (2)
- Proteomanalyse (2)
- Proteomics (2)
- Pseudomonas (2)
- Psychology (2)
- Quality of life (2)
- RNA helicase (2)
- RNA structure (2)
- Ratte (2)
- Regulation (2)
- Retina (2)
- Rhodnius prolixus (2)
- Rotkehlchen (2)
- SINE (2)
- SRSF3 (2)
- SRSF7 (2)
- Savanne (2)
- Schülerlabor (2)
- Screening (2)
- Secondary metabolism (2)
- Secondary metabolites (2)
- Secretin (2)
- Sediment (2)
- Sensory processing (2)
- Sequence motif analysis (2)
- Small RNA (2)
- Solution NMR-spectroscopy (2)
- Solution-state NMR (2)
- Southern Ocean (2)
- Stress (2)
- Symbiosis (2)
- Synapses (2)
- Synaptic transmission (2)
- Synchron Cultures (2)
- TRAIL (2)
- Tabanidae (2)
- Terbutryn (2)
- Terpenes (2)
- Testosterone (2)
- Thermophiles (2)
- Thermus (2)
- TolC (2)
- Tools and resources (2)
- Transcription factors (2)
- Transcriptomics (2)
- Transformation (2)
- Transkriptionsfaktor (2)
- Transport (2)
- Trichoptera (2)
- Tropischer Regenwald (2)
- UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (2)
- UV-B Stress (2)
- Umweltfaktor (2)
- Umweltschutzkosten (2)
- Ursidae (2)
- Ustilaginomycotina (2)
- Verhalten (2)
- Verhaltensbiologie (2)
- Virtual screening (2)
- Virtuelles Screening (2)
- Western Kenya (2)
- Wirkstoffdesign (2)
- X-ray crystallography (2)
- Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (2)
- Xylose (2)
- Zea mays (2)
- Zellskelett (2)
- Zellzyklus (2)
- acetogen (2)
- acetogenic bacteria (2)
- acetogens (2)
- acetyl-CoA (2)
- amyloid precursor protein (2)
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (2)
- animal welfare (2)
- aptamer (2)
- atherosclerosis (2)
- base pairing (2)
- biodiversity protection (2)
- bioenergetics (2)
- biofilm (2)
- bioinformatics (2)
- biophysics (2)
- biospeleology (2)
- birds (2)
- brain cancer (2)
- brain metastases (2)
- cAMP (2)
- carbon capture (2)
- cardiovascular disease (2)
- cell biology (2)
- cell wall precursor (2)
- climate (2)
- coalescence (2)
- color (2)
- community composition (2)
- community ecology (2)
- comparative genomics (2)
- connectedness to nature (2)
- conservation funding (2)
- conservation genetics (2)
- conservation planning (2)
- cost (2)
- cox2 (2)
- cristae (2)
- decision making (2)
- decomposition (2)
- deletion mutant (2)
- dentate gyrus (2)
- differentiation (2)
- distribution (2)
- drug design (2)
- economy (2)
- electron cryo-tomography (2)
- electrophysiology (2)
- endothelium (2)
- environmental DNA (2)
- environmental attitudes (2)
- environmental behavior (2)
- environmental knowledge (2)
- epigenetic (2)
- epigenetics (2)
- evolution (2)
- extremophile (2)
- forest management (2)
- frontal cortex (2)
- functional coupling (2)
- functional traits (2)
- fungal pathogens (2)
- gamma oscillations (2)
- gene conversion (2)
- genetic engineering (2)
- genomics (2)
- hearing (2)
- hemicellulose (2)
- high temperature (2)
- histone modifications (2)
- hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (2)
- inclination compass (2)
- inflammation (2)
- integrins (2)
- invasive Arten (2)
- invasive species (2)
- leukemia (2)
- lifespan (2)
- ligand binding (2)
- livelihood (2)
- local-field potentials (2)
- long non-coding RNA (2)
- long-term potentiation (2)
- mRNA (2)
- macroecology (2)
- macrohabitat (2)
- magnetic compass (2)
- magnetoreception (2)
- mannitol (2)
- mass spectrometry (2)
- membrane proteins (2)
- metabarcoding (2)
- metals (2)
- methyltransferase (2)
- microRNA (2)
- microbes (2)
- microplastics (2)
- migration (2)
- missing data (2)
- mitophagy (2)
- molecular biology (2)
- mongolian gerbil (2)
- morphology (2)
- mouse (2)
- movement (2)
- mtDNA (2)
- network analysis (2)
- neuroscience (2)
- next-generation sequencing (2)
- nitric oxide (2)
- non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (2)
- non-structural proteins (2)
- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (2)
- open access (2)
- open-access (2)
- orthology (2)
- oxidative stress (2)
- parasitism (2)
- phylogenomics (2)
- pollen (2)
- polyketide synthase (2)
- population genomics (2)
- post-2020 biodiversity targets (2)
- pre-mRNA (2)
- prefrontal cortex (2)
- presynaptic active zone (2)
- proliferation (2)
- prostate carcinoma cells (2)
- protein degradation (2)
- protein targeting (2)
- proteolysis systems (2)
- quorum sensing (2)
- reactive oxygen species (2)
- regulation (2)
- reproductive isolation (2)
- resistance (2)
- ribosome (2)
- ribosome biogenesis (2)
- rna (2)
- savane (2)
- sci-hub (2)
- senescence (2)
- signal transduction (2)
- sleep (2)
- small protein (2)
- smut fungi (2)
- snoRNA (2)
- speciation (2)
- strategic site selection (2)
- stress (2)
- stress response (2)
- subtomogram averaging (2)
- synapse (2)
- tomato (2)
- transcription factors (2)
- transdisciplinarity (2)
- tumor-associated macrophages (2)
- virtual screening (2)
- vocalization (2)
- volatile organic compounds (2)
- yeast (2)
- zoo education (2)
- µ-protein (2)
- Ökonomie (2)
- Ökotoxikologie (2)
- 1 new taxon (1)
- 1,4-naphthoquinone (1)
- 1-octanol (1)
- 10 new taxa (1)
- 10-Hydroxyaloins A/B (1)
- 14C- and 15N-Assimilation (1)
- 15N-Labelled Amino Acids (1)
- 16S rRNA (1)
- 16S rRNA gene (1)
- 16p11.2 (1)
- 18S rRNA gene (1)
- 2-Hydroxylase (1)
- 2-hydroxylase (1)
- 2030 Agenda (1)
- 2cpsdummy′-O-ribose-methylation (1)
- 3' UTR (1)
- 3,4-DCA; biotransformation (1)
- 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (1)
- 3-MA (1)
- 3-alkylphenols (1)
- 3C protease(3Cpro) (1)
- 3Cs technology (1)
- 3D orientation pattern of ciliary bundles (1)
- 3D printed stamp (1)
- 3′UTR length (1)
- 4,4’-dihydroxy-nostoxanthin (1)
- 4,4’-diketo-nostoxanthin (1)
- 5'-UTR (1)
- 5-Hydroxyaloin A (1)
- 5-Lipoxygenase (1)
- 5_SL4 (1)
- 6-Methylsalicylic acid decarboxylase (1)
- 6-Methylsalicylic acid synthase (1)
- 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase (1)
- A-Typ-ATPasen (1)
- A1AO ATPase (1)
- ABE fermentation (1)
- ABR (1)
- ADAM10 (1)
- ADAM15 (1)
- ADAMTS-13 (1)
- ADCD (1)
- ADP (1)
- AFLPs (1)
- ALE (1)
- AMPA receptors (1)
- AMPK (1)
- APA (1)
- ATP synthase (1)
- ATP synthesis (1)
- ATPase (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- Absorption Spectra (1)
- Abundance (1)
- Acacia (1)
- Accessory olfactory system (1)
- Acetobacterium (1)
- Acetogenic metabolism (1)
- Acetyl-CoA (1)
- Acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (1)
- Acetylcholin (1)
- Acid transporters (1)
- Ackerschmalwand (1)
- Acoustic signals (1)
- Actin (1)
- Actin-bindende Proteine (1)
- Activated Cry1a (1)
- Active Particles (1)
- Acute leukemia (1)
- Adaptive sequence evolution (1)
- Adenosine (1)
- Adenylyl cyclase (1)
- Adherence junctions (1)
- Adult neurogenesis (1)
- Aedes (1)
- Aedes albopictus (1)
- Afrique de l'Ouest (1)
- Afrique de l’Ouest (1)
- Agapetes (1)
- Agaricomycotina (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Agent-based modeling (1)
- Aging Phenomenon (1)
- Agonist selection (1)
- Aichi targets (1)
- Air Pollutants (1)
- Akazie (1)
- Aktive Zone (1)
- Aktives Zentrum (1)
- Aktuelle Motivation (1)
- Akustik (1)
- Alburnoides bipunctatus (1)
- Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 (1)
- Alcohol dehydrogenase (1)
- Alcohols (1)
- Alcyonacea (1)
- Aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (1)
- Alien species (1)
- Alignment <Biochemie> (1)
- Allergie (1)
- Allohormone pheromones (1)
- Allopatric diversification (1)
- Alpha-Bungarotoxin (1)
- Alphaproteobacteria (1)
- Alternate hydrophobicity (1)
- Alternative splicing (1)
- Amino Acids (1)
- Amino acid pattern (1)
- Aminoacetophenone (1)
- Aminobuttersäure <gamma-> (1)
- Aminotransferase Activity (1)
- Amphibia (1)
- Amphisphaeriales (1)
- Amplexus (1)
- Amplitudenmodulation (1)
- Anabaena flos-aquae (1)
- Anabolismus (1)
- Anaerobes (1)
- Anaerobic bacteria (1)
- Ananasgewächse (1)
- Androgen (1)
- Androst-4-en-3,17-dione (1)
- Angolan giraffe (1)
- Animal Behavior (1)
- Animal navigation (1)
- Animal personality (1)
- Animal physiology (1)
- Anion Transport System (1)
- Anisakidae, Pseudoterranova decipiens Komplex, Transkriptom, Verbreitung, Zoonose (1)
- Anopheles (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Anthrakologie (1)
- Anthranoids (1)
- Anthraquinones (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Anthropologie (1)
- Anthropometrie (1)
- Anti-viral activity (1)
- Antibiotics and Metabolite Export (1)
- Antikörperdetektion (1)
- Antioxidants (1)
- Antisense RNA (1)
- Anura (1)
- Anzahl (1)
- Aphanomyces astaci (1)
- Apical Vesicular Transport (1)
- Apis mellifera (1)
- ApoER2 (1)
- Apoptose (1)
- Aposematism (1)
- Applied microbiology (1)
- Aptamer (1)
- Apus apus (1)
- Aquatisches Ökosystem (1)
- Aquilegia (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana metabolism (1)
- Arabinogalactan-proteins (1)
- Arabinose (1)
- Archaebakterien (1)
- Archäobotanik (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Arctic adaptation (1)
- Arctic fox (1)
- Aromatase (1)
- Artbildung (1)
- Artenschutz (1)
- Artensterben (1)
- Artenvielfalt (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (1)
- Artificial kidney (1)
- Arzneimittel (1)
- Arzneimittel / Zulassung (1)
- Arzneimittelprüfung (1)
- Arzneimittelresistenz (1)
- Asia (1)
- Asian Tiger Mosquito (1)
- Asian bush mosquito (1)
- Asian tiger mosquito (1)
- Asiatische Tigermücke (1)
- Asien (1)
- Aspergillus nidulans (1)
- Assignment (1)
- Assimilation of 15N-Nitrate (1)
- Assortative mating (1)
- Astaxanthin Synthase (1)
- Astrozyt (1)
- Asymmetrie Reconstitution (1)
- Ataxin-2 (1)
- Atelopus carbonerensis (1)
- Atelopus mucubajiensis (1)
- Atelopus tamaense (1)
- Auditory midbrain (1)
- Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Aufsatzsammlung (1)
- Ausbreitung (1)
- Australian marsupials (1)
- Autism (1)
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (1)
- Autism Spectrum disorder (1)
- Autoinducer-2 (1)
- Automation (1)
- Automobile Exhaust (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- Außerschulisches Lernen (1)
- Avian Clock gene (1)
- Awake recording (1)
- Axonal tracing (1)
- Axoninitialsegment (1)
- Axons (1)
- B cells (1)
- B chromosome (1)
- B-Zell-Lymphom (1)
- B. subtilis (1)
- BET inhibitor (1)
- BH3 mimetics (1)
- BH3-Mimetika (1)
- BMI (1)
- BMP signaling (1)
- Bacillariaphyceae (1)
- Bacillus (1)
- Background expression (1)
- Backscattering (1)
- Bacterial Metabolism (1)
- Bacterial genes (1)
- Bacterial genetics (1)
- Bacteriology (1)
- Baculovirussystem (1)
- Baleen whales (1)
- Band 3 Protein (1)
- Bartonella henselae (1)
- Basidiomycota (1)
- Bassoon (1)
- Bats (1)
- Batten disease (1)
- Bayes-Lernen (1)
- Bears (1)
- Behavior (1)
- Behavioural ecology (1)
- Behavioural methods (1)
- Benthic environment (1)
- Beobachtungsdaten (1)
- Beskid Niski Mts (1)
- Beta-sheet (1)
- Bile (1)
- Bindestelle (1)
- Binoculars (1)
- Bioacoustics (1)
- Bioakkumulation (1)
- Bioartificial kidney (1)
- Biochemie (1)
- Biodiversity Data (1)
- Biodiversity tools and pipelines (1)
- Bioenergetics/Electron Transfer Complex (1)
- Bioengineering (1)
- Biofuels (1)
- Biokonzentration (1)
- Biological Sciences (1)
- Biological anthropology (1)
- Biologie (1)
- Biologieunterricht (1)
- Biologische Ozeanographie (1)
- Biologische Uhr (1)
- Biomagnifikation (1)
- Biomass monitoring (1)
- Biomasse (1)
- Biomechanik (1)
- Biomonitoring (1)
- Biophysical Chemistry (1)
- Biophysics and structural biology (1)
- Bioprocess automation (1)
- Bioreactor (1)
- Biosecurity (1)
- Biota (1)
- Biotechnologische Industrie (1)
- Biotic interactions (1)
- Biotic stress (1)
- Biotransformation (1)
- Bird physiology (1)
- Birds of prey (1)
- Black mildews (1)
- Blastocysts (1)
- Blinatumomab (1)
- Bodenbedingungen (1)
- Body burden (1)
- Bodycomposition (1)
- Bodyfat (1)
- Bogert’s rule (1)
- Boidae (1)
- Bolivia (1)
- Botanical Collections (1)
- Botswana (1)
- Bovidae (1)
- Brachiopoda (1)
- Brachiozoa (1)
- Brain-stimulus synchrony (1)
- Breast cancer (1)
- Breeding glands (1)
- Bremsen (1)
- Brevibacterium flavum (1)
- Brevibacterium linens (1)
- Bromeliaceae (1)
- Brudenell River (1)
- Brush Border Formation (1)
- Brustkrebs (1)
- Bruterfolg (1)
- Bryozoa (1)
- Bufonidae (1)
- Bumble bees (1)
- Bungarus niger (1)
- Bungarus walli (1)
- Burkina Faso (1)
- Business strategy in drug development (1)
- Butanol (1)
- Butyrate (1)
- Bürgerwissenschaft (1)
- C. elegans (1)
- C. grani (1)
- C. radiatus (1)
- C. wailesii (1)
- CAI-1 (1)
- CAM (1)
- CANCAP project (1)
- CAPON (1)
- CAZy (1)
- CD19 (1)
- CD95/Fas receptor (1)
- CDK1 Kinase (1)
- CFIm (1)
- CHIP (1)
- CLP protease (1)
- CLPXP protease (1)
- CLPXP-Protease (1)
- CNS cancer (1)
- CNV 16p11.2 (1)
- CO2 capture (1)
- CO2 reduction (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CRISPR-Cas9 (1)
- CRISPR-Cas9 gene conversion (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- CSO (1)
- CSOs (1)
- CXCL12 (1)
- CXCR4 (1)
- CYP110 (1)
- CaMPARI (1)
- Cadherine ; Proteine ; Struktur-Aktivitäts-Beziehung (1)
- Caffeate Respiration (1)
- Calathea (1)
- Calmodulin (1)
- Cambodia (1)
- Canada (1)
- Cancer detection and diagnosis (1)
- Cancer microenvironment (1)
- Candida albicans ; Gluconeogenese ; Glyoxylatzyklus ; Torulopsis glabrata (1)
- Canis lupus familiaris (1)
- Capoeta damascina (1)
- Caprylic acid (1)
- Carbendazim (1)
- Carbohydrates (1)
- Carbon cycling (1)
- Carboxylic acid reductase (1)
- Cardiac regeneration (1)
- Cardiac remodeling (1)
- Carotene Isomerase (1)
- Carotenoid Desaturation (1)
- Carotinoidbiosynthese (1)
- Carychium (1)
- Caspase-8 (1)
- Castor bean tick (1)
- Catalase (1)
- Cation Proton Antiporter (1)
- Caudate nucleus (1)
- Cell Biology (1)
- Cell Wall (1)
- Cell adhesion (1)
- Cell binding (1)
- Cell culture (1)
- Cell migration (1)
- Cellular imaging (1)
- Cellular neuroscience (1)
- Cellulase gene expression (1)
- Centric diatom (1)
- Cephalic sensory organs (1)
- Cercospora (1)
- Cerebellum (1)
- Cerebral cortex (1)
- Cerebral nerves (1)
- Cetraria aculeata (1)
- Chad (1)
- Chagas (1)
- Chagas disease (1)
- Channel Protein (1)
- Chaperone Chaperonin (1)
- Chaperones (1)
- Chemical dispersant (1)
- Chemical dispersants (1)
- Chemicals of emerging concern (1)
- Cheminformatics (1)
- Cheminformatik (1)
- Chemische Verschiebung (1)
- Chemotaxonomy (1)
- Chicken (1)
- Chickens (1)
- Chinchilla (1)
- Chironomus piger (1)
- Chlor (1)
- Chlorophyll (1)
- Chlorophyll Fluorescence (1)
- Chlorophyll Formation (1)
- Chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- Chlorosis (1)
- Chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydratase (1)
- Chromatin (1)
- Chromones (1)
- Chromosomal translocations (1)
- Chromosomes and gene expression (1)
- Chronobiologie (1)
- Chronobiology (1)
- Chrysops (1)
- Cladistics (1)
- Cladocera (1)
- Claims on land (1)
- Clathrin-vermittelte Endozytose (1)
- Climate Change (1)
- Climate-change ecology (1)
- Climatic conditions (1)
- Clock genes (1)
- Closely related fungal species (1)
- Codon-optimization (1)
- Coenzym (1)
- Coevolution (1)
- Cofaktor (1)
- Cognitive science (1)
- Collective human behavior (1)
- Collembola (1)
- Colombian Andes (1)
- Colon cancer (1)
- Colony development (1)
- Colorectal Cancer (1)
- Columba livia (1)
- Common ragweed (1)
- Communication center (1)
- Community barcoding (1)
- Community ecology (1)
- Comparative Genomics (1)
- Compartmentalization (1)
- Complexe WAP (1)
- Complexin 1 (1)
- Compositional bias (1)
- Computational biology (1)
- Computational biophysics (1)
- Computational model (1)
- Computer simulation (1)
- Computersimulation (1)
- Conservation biology (1)
- Consumer demand (1)
- Conventional T cell selection (1)
- Copper (1)
- Corbicula (1)
- Core effectors (1)
- Core marking (1)
- Coronaries (1)
- Cortical column (1)
- Cortisol im Speichel (1)
- Corynebacterium glutamicum (1)
- Coscinodiscus concinnus (1)
- Costs (1)
- Cre-lox system (1)
- Crispr/Cas (1)
- Croatia (1)
- Crude oil (1)
- Cryo-electron microscopy (1)
- Cryoelectron tomography (1)
- Cryptic diversity (1)
- Cryptochrom (1)
- Crystal Structure (1)
- Ctenidae (1)
- Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) (1)
- Culicidae (1)
- Cultivation (1)
- Culture (1)
- Cumate (1)
- Cupiennius salei (1)
- Curcumin (1)
- Cyanobacterium (1)
- Cybertaxonomy (1)
- Cyclo-AMP (1)
- Cyclooxygenase-2 (1)
- Cyprinidae (1)
- Cytochrome P450 (1)
- Cytomegalievirus (1)
- Cytoplasm (1)
- Cytoplasmic staining (1)
- Cytoskeleton (1)
- Cytostatikum (1)
- D-Galacturonicacid (1)
- D-xylose fermentation (1)
- D-xylose isomerase (1)
- D. magna (1)
- DCMU-Type Inhibitors (1)
- DCMU-Type Inhibitors Shade Adaptation (1)
- DEPDC5 (1)
- DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (1)
- DNA metabarcoding (1)
- DNA-Specific Labelling (1)
- DNA-binding region (1)
- DR5 (1)
- DUBs (1)
- DYRK1A (1)
- Daboia russelii (1)
- Dark fermentation (1)
- Data standard (1)
- Data standards (1)
- De novo Design (1)
- De novo assembly (1)
- De-Novo-Synthese (1)
- Death-receptor (1)
- Decapping (1)
- Defekt (1)
- Degeneration (1)
- Dehydration (medicine) (1)
- Dendritic structure (1)
- Dental Tissues (1)
- Depolymerisierung (1)
- Depth (1)
- Dermis (1)
- Deterministische Optimierung (1)
- Developmental Biology (1)
- Developmental biology and stem cells (1)
- DiSSCo (1)
- Diadinoxanthin (1)
- Diatomophthora (1)
- Diatoms (1)
- Diauxic effects (1)
- Dicellomyces (1)
- Dickeya (1)
- Dictyostelium discoideum (1)
- Didaktik Neurowissenschaften (1)
- Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSF) (1)
- Differentielle Genexpression (1)
- Digital Specimen (1)
- Digitalfotos (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Digitization (1)
- Dimensionsreduktion (1)
- Dimer Yield Ratio (1)
- Dimerization domain (1)
- Dioecy (1)
- Diosgenin Production (1)
- Diplura (1)
- Direct seeding (1)
- Discovery (1)
- Disease Modeling (1)
- Diseases (1)
- Dispersal capacity (1)
- Dispersant toxicity (1)
- Dissemination (1)
- Distributed System of Scientific Collections (1)
- Divergence time estimate (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Docking domain (1)
- Docking protein (1)
- Dominanzspektrum (1)
- Dopamine (1)
- Dornapparat (1)
- Doxorubicin (1)
- Dreidimensionale geometrische Modellierung (1)
- Drosophila (1)
- Drosophila melanogaster (1)
- Drought reaction (1)
- Druckerzeugungsmechanismen (1)
- Drug Design (1)
- Drug discovery (1)
- Drug discovery and development (1)
- Drug therapy (1)
- Druggability (1)
- Dual targeting (1)
- Duganella (1)
- Dynamical systems (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- E-NTPDase (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EMCP (1)
- EMSA (1)
- ER (1)
- ERAD (1)
- ESTs (1)
- Earth sciences (1)
- EcNhaA (1)
- Ech (1)
- Echolocation (1)
- Echoorientierung (1)
- Echsen (1)
- Ecological niche modelling (1)
- Ecological requirements (1)
- Ecosystem Services (1)
- Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (1)
- Ectodomain Shedding (1)
- Ectoparasites (1)
- Ectoprocta (1)
- Ectrogella (1)
- Effect of Oxygen and CO2 Concentrations (1)
- Effect of Preillumination and Temperature (1)
- Effector Genes (1)
- Efferentes System (1)
- Ehrlich pathway (1)
- Eisen-Schwefel-Zentrum N1a (1)
- Elapidae (1)
- Electron Microscopy (1)
- Electron microscopy (1)
- Electron transport chain (1)
- Electron-bifurcating hydrogenase (1)
- Elektroencephalogramm (1)
- Elimination of Rho Factor (1)
- Ellipura (1)
- Embryogenesis (1)
- Embryotoxicity (1)
- Emerging contaminants (1)
- Emerging insect model organisms (1)
- Emotions (1)
- Emx2 (1)
- Enchytraeidae (1)
- Enchytraeidae-Artengemeinschaft (1)
- Endemis-mus (1)
- Endocrine disrupter (1)
- Endocrine disruption (1)
- Endocrine-disrupting compounds (1)
- Endokrin wirksamer Stoff (1)
- Endokrinologie (1)
- Endometriosis (1)
- Endoplasmic reticulum (1)
- Endothel (1)
- Endothelial (1)
- Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (1)
- Endotheliale Vorläuferzellen (1)
- Endothelium (1)
- Endothelzelle (1)
- Endothelzellen (1)
- Endsteinzeit (1)
- Engineering (1)
- Enterovirus 71 (1)
- Entognatha (1)
- Entolomataceae (1)
- Entomologie (1)
- Entorrhizales (1)
- Envelope (1)
- Environmental factors (1)
- Environmental fate (1)
- Environmental partitioning (1)
- Environmental quality (1)
- Environmental studies (1)
- Enzymaktivität (1)
- Enzymatic hydrolysis (1)
- Enzyme (1)
- Enzyme Induction (1)
- Enzyme Kinetics (1)
- Enzyme engineering (1)
- Enzymologie (1)
- Enzymtherapie (1)
- Eocene (1)
- Eocene; pit organs (1)
- Ephemeroptera (1)
- EphrinB2 (1)
- Epidemiology (1)
- Epigenetik (1)
- Epiphyte (1)
- Equilibrium partitioning theory (1)
- Erdmagnetfeld (1)
- Erdmagnetismus (1)
- Erithacus rubecula (1)
- Erythrocyte Membrane (1)
- Erythropoiesis (1)
- Ethanol fermentation (1)
- Ethics Committees/Consultation (1)
- Ethiopia (1)
- Ethnobotanik (1)
- Ethnoökologie (1)
- Ethylmalonyl-CoA (1)
- Eubacterium (1)
- Europe (1)
- European Beech (1)
- European Rabbit (1)
- European Robins (1)
- European Union (1)
- European robin (1)
- Europäisches Wildkaninchen (1)
- Eutheria (1)
- Evolutionary Biology (1)
- Evolutionary developmental biology (1)
- Evolutionary engineering (1)
- Evolutionary genetics (1)
- Excitation (1)
- Excitatory balance (1)
- Excretion (1)
- Exitrons (1)
- Exozytose (1)
- Expression analysis (1)
- Extracellular vesicles (1)
- Extracted sugar beet press pulp (1)
- Extremhabitat (1)
- Extremophile (1)
- Extremophiles (1)
- Exzitation (1)
- Exzitotoxizität (1)
- FAD (1)
- FAD synthase (1)
- FAD1 (1)
- FANoS (1)
- FCP (Fucoxanthin-Chlorophyll bindende Proteine) (1)
- FCP (Fucoxanthin-Chlorophyll binding Protein) (1)
- FET (1)
- FIP1 (1)
- FVIII (1)
- FXIII deficiency (1)
- Fabaceae (1)
- Fabclavine (1)
- Factor XIII (1)
- Fagaceae (1)
- Far UV (1)
- Fatty acid metabolism (1)
- Fatty acid synthase (1)
- Fatty alcohol (1)
- Fbw7 (1)
- Fcp4 (1)
- FcpA (1)
- Feather mites (1)
- Feathers (1)
- Feature article (1)
- Fecundity (1)
- Feinstruktur (1)
- Felidae (1)
- Felsentaube ; Ortsgedächtnis (1)
- Fermentation (1)
- Fibroblast growth factor (1)
- Field study (1)
- Filamentous fungi (1)
- Flavin cycle (1)
- Flavobacterium (1)
- Flavobacterium spec P99-3 (1)
- Flavone synthase (1)
- Flavoproteins (1)
- Fledermäuse (1)
- Flexibility (1)
- Flexibilität (1)
- Flora of Panama (1)
- Flowering phenology (1)
- Flowers (1)
- Fluorescence imaging (1)
- Fluorescent proteins (1)
- Fluoreszenz (1)
- Fluss (1)
- Flussnapfschnecke (1)
- Folic Acid Antagonists (1)
- Foraminiferal (1)
- Formvergleich (1)
- Fossile Reptilien (1)
- Fourier-Motzkin algorithm (1)
- Frankfurt am Main (1)
- Freilandstudie (1)
- Freshwater Ecosystems (1)
- Freshwater ecology (1)
- Freshwater invertebrate (1)
- Freshwater pollution (1)
- Fulani (1)
- Fulbe (1)
- Functional Ecology (1)
- Functional genomics (1)
- Functional traits (1)
- Fungal evolution (1)
- Fungal genetics (1)
- Fungal pan-genomes (1)
- Fungal spores (1)
- Funktion (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- Fusarium graminearum (1)
- Fusarium spp. (1)
- Fusionsinhibitor (1)
- G protein coupled receptor (1)
- G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) (1)
- G-Protein-gekoppelter Rezeptor (1)
- G-protein coupled receptor (1)
- G-protein-coupled receptor (1)
- G-quadruplex (1)
- G3BP1 (1)
- GLUT2 (1)
- GLUT3 (1)
- GLUT4 (1)
- GM maize (1)
- GPCR (1)
- GRADE (1)
- GRAND-SLAM (1)
- GRIP1 (1)
- GSVs (1)
- GTP (1)
- GTPase (1)
- Gal2 (1)
- Galakturonsäure (1)
- Gallbladder (1)
- Galleria mellonella (1)
- Gallic Acid (1)
- Ganoderic acids (1)
- Ganoderma lingzhi (1)
- Ganoderma lucidum (1)
- Ganodermataceae (1)
- Gas Vacuoles (1)
- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1)
- Gastrointestinal cancer (1)
- Gastropoda (1)
- Gaussian processes (1)
- Gauß Prozesse (1)
- Gehölze (1)
- Gehölzfrüchte (1)
- Genanalyse (1)
- Gene (1)
- Gene expression profiling (1)
- Gene prediction (1)
- Gene regulation (1)
- Gene sll0033 (1)
- Gene trap (1)
- Generalist (1)
- Genetic engineering (1)
- Genetic variation (1)
- Genetic vectors (1)
- Genetically engineered carotenoid biosynthesis (1)
- Genetische Variabilität (1)
- Genfalle (1)
- Genklonierung (1)
- Genom (1)
- Genome Assembly (1)
- Genome annotation (1)
- Genome informatics (1)
- Genome sequence (1)
- Genotoxicity (1)
- Genotyping (1)
- Genotyping and haplotyping (1)
- Gentianinae (1)
- Geoffrey Burnstock (1)
- Geomagnetic field (1)
- Gerontologie (1)
- Giftvariabilität (1)
- Giraffa (1)
- Giraffe (1)
- Glioblastom (1)
- Gliom (1)
- Global Alignment (1)
- Global warming (1)
- Globaler Wandel (1)
- Glomerulus (1)
- Glucose-6-phosphate- and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (1)
- Glutamatrezeptor (1)
- Glycolate Oxidase (1)
- Glycophorin A dimerization (1)
- Glykoprotein GP 41 (1)
- Glyzinrezeptor (1)
- Gonads (1)
- Graminicolous downy mildews (1)
- Graphentheorie (1)
- Great philippine eagle (1)
- Green fluorescent protein (1)
- Green-River-Formation ; Fossile Vögel ; Systematik ; Messel Grube (1)
- Growth rate (1)
- Gut microbiome (1)
- H+ transport (1)
- HCMV (1)
- HDAC (1)
- HDAC inhibitor (1)
- HER (1)
- HERV (1)
- HIV infection (1)
- HIV-Infektion (1)
- HLA DQB1 (1)
- HPLC (1)
- HPLC separation (1)
- HRGXE-Motiv (1)
- HSBP (1)
- HSF (1)
- HUVEC (1)
- HWC database (1)
- Habitat transfer (1)
- Haematococcus pluvialis (1)
- Haematopota (1)
- Halobacillus halophilus (1)
- Halobacterium salinarium (1)
- Halobacterium salinarum (1)
- Haloferax (1)
- Haloferax volcanii ; Stoffwechsel ; Analyse ; Halobacterium salinarium ; Zellzyklus (1)
- Hals (1)
- Happiness (1)
- Hauptkomponentenanalyse (1)
- Hazard assessment (1)
- Head blast (1)
- Health care (1)
- Hearing enhancement (1)
- Heart (1)
- Heat-Bleaching (of Plastids) (1)
- Heilpflanzen (1)
- Hematophagous arthropods (1)
- Hemicellulose (1)
- Herbaria (1)
- Herbicide Resistance (1)
- Herbicide Resistant Mutants (1)
- Herbicide-Tolerant Mutants (1)
- Herbivores (1)
- Hessen (1)
- Heterologous enzyme production (1)
- Hexachlorbenzol (1)
- Hfq (1)
- Hi-C (1)
- High Performance Liquid (1)
- High content imaging (1)
- High-throughput screening (1)
- Hinterkiemer (1)
- Hippocampal development (1)
- Hirnkrankheit (1)
- Hirntumor (1)
- His-tag (1)
- Histology (1)
- Histone (1)
- Histonmodifikationen (1)
- History (1)
- Hitzeschocktranskriptionsfaktor (1)
- Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
- Hodgkin-Lymphom (1)
- Holznutzung (1)
- Homing behavior (1)
- Hominins (1)
- Homologiemodellierung (1)
- Homöobox (1)
- Honey bees (1)
- Honigbiene (1)
- Host Jump (1)
- Host jump (1)
- HsfA2 (1)
- Hsp17-CII (1)
- Hsp70 (1)
- Human health (1)
- Human well-being (1)
- Huntington (1)
- Hybridization (1)
- Hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (HDCR) (1)
- Hydrophobicity scale (1)
- Hydrophyten (1)
- Hydroxymandelate synthase (1)
- Hypercholesterinämie (1)
- Hypercolumn (1)
- Hyperparasites (1)
- Hyperresistance to formaldehyde (1)
- Hypothermia (1)
- Höhle (1)
- Hörschädigung (1)
- Hörzelle (1)
- I50 Value (1)
- IDP (1)
- IGF-I (1)
- ITS (1)
- ITS/LSU/SSU rDNA (1)
- IUCN protection categories (1)
- Illegal wildlife trade (1)
- Image analysis (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Immunadsorption (1)
- Immunity (1)
- Immunkrankheit (1)
- Immunologische Diagnostik (1)
- Immunotherapy (1)
- Immunrekonstitution (1)
- Immunsuppression (1)
- Immunsystem (1)
- In silico-Methode (1)
- In situ (1)
- In situ burning (1)
- In vitro (1)
- In vivo electrophysiology (1)
- Indoles (1)
- Induced Fit (1)
- Inducible Promoter (1)
- Infectious diseases (1)
- Infectivity (1)
- Infektiösität (1)
- Inferior colliculus (1)
- Influenza (1)
- Inhibitor Binding Pocket (1)
- Inhibitor tolerance (1)
- Inhibitorbindetasche (1)
- Inhibitors (1)
- Inhibitory balance (1)
- Inhibitory interneurons (1)
- Inland water pollution (1)
- Innenohr (1)
- Inquisition post mortem (1)
- Insects (1)
- Integrative taxonomy (1)
- Integrators (1)
- Interactive 3D models (1)
- International survey (1)
- Intestinal Contents (1)
- Intestinal bacterial community (1)
- Intestinal barrier (1)
- Inthraszentin (1)
- Intravenous injections (1)
- InvaCost (1)
- Ionenspezifität (1)
- Ipomoea beninensis (1)
- Iridaceae (1)
- Iridoideae (1)
- Ischämie (1)
- Isobutanol (1)
- Isopoda (1)
- Isoprenoide (1)
- Isoprenoids (1)
- Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) (1)
- Isozyme Pattern (1)
- Ixodes ricinus (1)
- JAK/STAT-Signalweg (1)
- Janthinobacterium (1)
- Java (1)
- Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (1)
- K-homology RNA-binding domain (1)
- Kaliumkanal (1)
- Kalziumspeicher (1)
- Kampfsport (1)
- Kanalprotein (1)
- Kapernartige (1)
- Karate (1)
- Kardiovaskuläres System (1)
- Karité (1)
- Katabolismus (1)
- Katalase (1)
- Katze (1)
- Kernpilze (1)
- Ki-67 (1)
- Kichererbse (1)
- Kieselalgen (1)
- Kinabalu (1)
- Kinematik (1)
- Kinetics of Dimer Formation (1)
- Klassifikation (1)
- Klebsiella (1)
- Klebsiella oxytoca (1)
- Km values (1)
- Koaktivatoren (1)
- Kohlenstoffkreislauf (1)
- Konkurrenz (1)
- Konstitutionstypen (1)
- Kopf (1)
- Kordyana (1)
- Korrelation (1)
- Kosmopoliten (1)
- Krebsforschung (1)
- Kristallstrukturanalyse (1)
- Kronendach (1)
- Kryptrochozoa (1)
- Kuala Lumpur <Region> ; Bambus ; Ameisen ; Biozönose (1)
- Kulturlandschaft (1)
- Kupfer (1)
- Kupferstoffwechsel (1)
- Kynurenine (1)
- Körperfett (1)
- Künstliche Niere (1)
- Küstenmeer (1)
- L-Galactonate (1)
- L37.eR (1)
- LASSO algorithm (1)
- LTD (1)
- LTR (1)
- LUCA (1)
- Laboratory (1)
- Labyrinth <Anatomie> (1)
- Lacertilia (1)
- Lactation (1)
- LanI Protein (1)
- Landwirtschaft (1)
- Lantibiotic (1)
- Lantibiotic Immunity (1)
- Larmor frequency (1)
- Larva (1)
- Latent Injury (1)
- Later Stone Age (1)
- Laurasiatheria (1)
- Leaderless transcript (1)
- Leaf Peroxisomes (1)
- Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) (1)
- Lebenszykluseffekte (1)
- Leguminosae (1)
- Lentiviren (1)
- Lepidoptera (1)
- Lhcr (1)
- Lhx2 (1)
- Licht (1)
- Licht-Sammel-Komplex (1)
- Lichtabhängigkeit (1)
- Life-Satisfaction (1)
- Life-history (1)
- Lifespan (1)
- Ligand <Biochemie> (1)
- Light Inhibition (1)
- Lignocellulose (1)
- Limonene-3-hydroxylase (1)
- Line Notation (1)
- Lineage Through Time (1)
- Linearisierung (1)
- Ling-zhi (1)
- Lingzhi (1)
- Lipidmembran (1)
- Lipoprotein (1)
- Litter (1)
- Local adaptation (1)
- Localized defecation (1)
- Long ncRNA (1)
- Long-read sequencing (1)
- Long-term live imaging (1)
- Long-term potentiation (1)
- Longevity (1)
- Lophophorata (1)
- Loranthaceae (1)
- Lsm (1)
- Luciferase (1)
- LuxR solos (1)
- LuxS (1)
- Lycopersicon peruvianum (1)
- Lycopersicon peruvianum ; Ackerschmalwand ; Hitzeschocktranskriptionsfaktor ; Aktivatorproteine (1)
- Lycopersicon peruvianum ; Hitzestress ; Transkriptionsfaktor ; Proteintransport ; Hitzeschocktranskriptionsfaktor (1)
- M87o (1)
- MACE (1)
- MACE-seq (1)
- MAIT cells (1)
- MARTINI force field (1)
- MBD (1)
- MCAK (1)
- MEA (1)
- MECP2 (1)
- MEK inhibition (1)
- MICOS complex (1)
- MID task (1)
- MLV (1)
- MMN (1)
- MRP4 (1)
- MRSA (1)
- MS-MS spectra (1)
- Macaronesia (1)
- Macrobenthosda (1)
- Macroevolution (1)
- Macrozoobenthos (1)
- Macula (1)
- Magnetic conditioning (1)
- Magnetic map (1)
- Magnetic ‘map’ component (1)
- Magnetische Kernresonanz (1)
- Magnetite-based receptors (1)
- Magnetkompass (1)
- Magnetkompassorientierung (1)
- Magnetperzeption (1)
- Magnetrezeption (1)
- Magnetrezeptormolekül (1)
- Main olfactory epithelium (1)
- Makroreste (1)
- Malaysia (1)
- Malaysia ; Leptogenys ; Schwarmverhalten ; Pheromon ; Verhalten (1)
- Malpighiales (1)
- Mammary gland (1)
- Mandelic acid (1)
- Marantaceae (1)
- Marine Biodiversität (1)
- Marine Biogeographie (1)
- Marine biodiversity (1)
- Marine ecosystem (1)
- Marine invertebrates (1)
- Marker genes (1)
- Markierungsgen (1)
- Maschinelles Lernen (1)
- Masculinization (1)
- Mason bees (1)
- Mass spectra (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends (MACE) (1)
- Mate choice (1)
- Mathematical models (1)
- Mawson Bank (1)
- McDonald-Kreitman test (1)
- Mcl-1 (1)
- Mechanisms of disease (1)
- Mediale olivo-cochleäre Efferenz (1)
- Mediterranean climate (1)
- Mediterranean plants (1)
- Medizintechnik (1)
- Meerschweinchen (1)
- Meis1 (1)
- Meis2 (1)
- Meisen ; Schwarmverhalten ; Nahrungserwerb (1)
- Melanocortin (1)
- Melanom (1)
- Meliolales (1)
- Membrane (1)
- Membrane Energetics (1)
- Membrane Enzymes (1)
- Membrane Protein Complex (1)
- Membrane proteins (1)
- Membranfusion (1)
- Membranlipide (1)
- Membranprotein (1)
- Membranproteine (1)
- Messel (1)
- Messel Formation (1)
- Messel-Schichten (1)
- Messenger RNA (1)
- Messinian salinity crisis (1)
- Messung (1)
- MetVF (1)
- Metabolic flux analysis (1)
- Metabolic shift (1)
- Metabolite Transport (1)
- Metabolon (1)
- Metagenomic shotgun sequencing (1)
- Metamorphosis (1)
- Meteorology (1)
- Methanol (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Methylene-THF reductase (1)
- Methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (1)
- Methylobacterium (1)
- Methylotroph (1)
- Methyltransferase (1)
- Mevalonic Acid (1)
- Microarray (1)
- Microbial ecology (1)
- Microbiome (1)
- Microbiota (1)
- Microbotryales (1)
- Microenvironment (1)
- Microglial cells (1)
- Microplastic pollution (1)
- Microplastic-associated biofilms (1)
- Microplastics (1)
- Microsatelliten (1)
- Microsatellites (1)
- Microscopy (1)
- Microtubules (1)
- Microvesicles (1)
- Microvillus Atrophy (1)
- Midbrain (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikrobiom (1)
- Mikroplastik, Boden, Reifenabrieb, Analytik (1)
- Mikroskopie (1)
- Mikrovesikel (1)
- Milchdrüse (1)
- Milchdrüsengewebe (1)
- Mindanao hawk-eagle (1)
- Mineralization (1)
- Mitochondrial Transport (1)
- Mitochondrial proteases (1)
- Mitophagy (1)
- Mitose (1)
- Mitteleuropa (1)
- Mixture toxicity (1)
- MjNhaP1 (1)
- Model (1)
- Model Organism (1)
- Modellorganismus (1)
- Modellsysteme (1)
- Molarenevolution (1)
- Molecular Biology (1)
- Molecular Evolution (1)
- Molecular dynamic simulation (1)
- Molecular phylogeny (1)
- Molekulardesign (1)
- Molekulare Evolution (1)
- Molekulargenetik (1)
- Moleküldesign (1)
- Moleküldynamiksimulation (1)
- Molekülstruktur (1)
- Mollusks (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monosaccharides (1)
- Monoterpenoid (1)
- Monoterpenoid tolerance (1)
- Monozyklase (1)
- Montane forest (1)
- Monte Carlo method (1)
- Moraea Mill. (1)
- Moschcowitz-Syndrom (1)
- Motorprotein (1)
- Mount Kilimanjaro (1)
- Mouse models (1)
- Mulitvariate Statistik (1)
- Multi-endpoint toxicity study (1)
- Multicellular systems (1)
- Multidimensional imaging (1)
- Multidrug Transporters (1)
- Multielektroden (1)
- Multienzyme complexes (1)
- Multiple stressors (1)
- Multispezies-Testsysteme (1)
- Multivariate Modellierung (1)
- Murine leukemia virus (1)
- Museum samples (1)
- Muskeltonus (1)
- Mutual information (1)
- Myanmar (1)
- Myocardial infarction (1)
- Myotis bechsteinii (1)
- Myxol (1)
- NADH-Dehydrogenase <Ubichinon> (1)
- NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (1)
- NCoA proteins (1)
- NCoA-Proteine (1)
- NGS (1)
- NMDA (1)
- NMDA receptor (1)
- NMDA-Antagonist (1)
- NMDA-Rezeptor (1)
- NMR assignments (1)
- NMR solution structure (1)
- NOS-I (1)
- NOS1AP (1)
- NR1 antagonist (1)
- NR3 subunit (1)
- NRPS engineering (1)
- NTFPs (1)
- NW Pacific (1)
- NXF1 (1)
- Na Gradient (1)
- Na+ transport (1)
- Naja (1)
- Nano- and microplastics (1)
- Nase (1)
- Natural Products (1)
- Natural sounds (1)
- Natural transformation (1)
- Nature Contributions to People (1)
- Nature Valuation (1)
- Nature conservation (1)
- Nature contributions to people (1)
- Nature's Contributions to People (1)
- Naturstoffe (1)
- Negative selection (1)
- Neocaridina palmata (1)
- Neonicotinoid (1)
- Neonicotinoids (1)
- Neostriatum (1)
- Neotropic (1)
- Neotropics (1)
- Neovascularisation (1)
- Nephrons (1)
- Nervenkrankheit (1)
- Nervensystem (1)
- Nestbau (1)
- Network (1)
- Network analysis (1)
- Netzhaut (1)
- Netzwerk (1)
- Neural map (1)
- Neuroanatomie (1)
- Neuroblasts (1)
- Neurohypophyse (1)
- Neuroligins (1)
- Neuron-glia interactions (1)
- Neuronal dendrites (1)
- Neuronal migration (1)
- Neuronale Differenzierung (1)
- Neuronale Plastizität (1)
- Neuronales Netz (1)
- Neuropsychiatrie (1)
- Neurosimulation (1)
- Neurotoxicity (1)
- Neurotransmitter-Rezeptor (1)
- New host (1)
- New species (1)
- Nicht-Holz-Waldprodukte (1)
- Niere (1)
- Nierentubulus (1)
- Nisaetus pinskeri (1)
- Nisthilfe (1)
- Nistplatz (1)
- Nitritreduktase (Cytochrom) (1)
- Nitrogen Metabolism (1)
- Nitrosative Stress (1)
- Noctuidae (1)
- Non-canonical terpenes (1)
- Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) (1)
- Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- Non-structural protein (1)
- Nonoculata (1)
- Norflurazon (1)
- Normative dimension (1)
- Northern blot (1)
- Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 (1)
- Nostocales (1)
- Notch signaling (1)
- Nothopassalora (1)
- Notoryctes (1)
- Novel Object Test (1)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1)
- Nucleic acid-binding domain (1)
- Nucleocapsid (1)
- Nucleotid Specifity (1)
- Nukleotidzucker (1)
- Numencal Taxonomy (1)
- Nutrient concentration (1)
- Nutzung (1)
- Nutzungskriterien (1)
- Nyctalus leisleri (1)
- O-CAS assay (1)
- O-methyltransferase (1)
- OAE (1)
- OEP80 (1)
- Obituary (1)
- Obligate biotroph (1)
- Occurrence (1)
- Octanoic acid (1)
- Odorant receptor (1)
- Ohrenqualle ; Phylogenie ; Sequenzanalyse <Chemie> ; Artbildung ; Tiergeographie (1)
- Ohrenqualle ; Strobilation ; Umweltüberwachung (1)
- Oil spill assessment (1)
- Oil spills (1)
- Oil toxicity (1)
- Old-old (1)
- Olfactory Receptors (1)
- Olive <Anatomie> (1)
- Omics (1)
- Omp85 (1)
- Omp85-Protein (1)
- Omp85-independent OMP Insertion (1)
- Online monitoring (1)
- Ontogenese (1)
- Oocytes (1)
- Oomycota (1)
- Open access (1)
- Opossums (1)
- Optimal wiring (1)
- Optimization (1)
- Optogenetics (1)
- Orexin (1)
- Organic acid reduction (1)
- Organic micropollutants (1)
- Organoids (1)
- Orientation (1)
- Orientation preference (1)
- Orientierung (1)
- Orthologue search (1)
- Ortsgedächtnis (1)
- Ortspezifische Mutagenese (1)
- Osmostress (1)
- Otolith (1)
- Ovaries (1)
- Oxanthrone Glucosyls (1)
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies (1)
- Oxidation-Reduction (1)
- Oxidative Stress (1)
- Oxidativer Stress (1)
- Oxygen (1)
- Oxygen Evolution (1)
- Oxygenierung (1)
- Ozone (1)
- P 700 (1)
- P-bodies (1)
- P. anserina (1)
- P. maximowiczii Henry x P. nigra L. cv. Rochester (1)
- P2Y13 receptor (1)
- PARK4 (1)
- PC12 (1)
- PDCA (1)
- PFNL (1)
- PINK1 (1)
- PKA (1)
- POTRA Domains (1)
- PSII core phosphorylation (1)
- PaCRD1 (1)
- PaIAP (1)
- Palaeobiology (1)
- Paleoclimate (1)
- Paläobiologie (1)
- Pan paniscus (1)
- Panama (1)
- Panolis flammea (1)
- Pantropical distribution (1)
- Paprika ; Desaturasen ; Genexpression ; Paprika (1)
- Parallelisation (1)
- Parasites of endangered species (1)
- Parasitismus (1)
- Parkinson (1)
- Paruroctonus mesaensis (1)
- Passalora (1)
- Passeriformes (1)
- Patch-Clamp-Methode (1)
- Pathogen (1)
- Pathogenesis (1)
- Pathosystem (1)
- Pathways (1)
- Pectin (1)
- Peddigrohr (1)
- Penetration resistance (1)
- Peptide natural products (1)
- Peptide-antimicrobial-Xenorhabdus (PAX) peptide (1)
- Peracarida (1)
- Perania nasuta (1)
- Perlhirse (1)
- Peronospora belbahrii (1)
- Peronospora lamii (1)
- Peronospora salviae-officinalis (1)
- Peroxisomes (1)
- Persischer Golf ; Krabben ; Systematik ; Tiergeographie ; Mittelkrebse (1)
- Persistence (1)
- Persönlichkeit (1)
- Pestalotia (1)
- Pestalotiopsis (1)
- Pesticides (1)
- Pestizidbelastung (1)
- Pexophagy (1)
- Pflanzen ; Katalase ; Heterologe Genexpression (1)
- Pflanzenfressende Insekten (1)
- Pflanzengeografie (1)
- Pflanzengesellschaft (1)
- Pflanzenhormon (1)
- Pflanzenökologie (1)
- Pharmacophore (1)
- Pharmazeutische Chemie (1)
- Phasenverschiebung (1)
- Pheromone Inhibitor (1)
- Pheromones (1)
- Phoronida (1)
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (1)
- Phosphohydrolases (1)
- Phosphorylation (1)
- Photoinactivation (1)
- Photoreceptors (1)
- Photoreduction (1)
- Photosynthetic CO2 Fixation (1)
- Photosynthetic Reaction Center (1)
- Photosynthetisches Reaktionszentrum (1)
- Photosystem I (1)
- Photosystem II (1)
- Phvtoene Desaturase (1)
- Phvtofluene (1)
- Phylogenetics (1)
- Phylogenetische Analyse (1)
- Phylogenomics (1)
- Phylogeography (1)
- Physical chemistry (1)
- Physical comorbidities (1)
- Physiology (1)
- Phytodiversität (1)
- Phytoen (1)
- Phytoene (1)
- Phytohormones (1)
- Pichia ciferrii (1)
- Pigeons (1)
- Pigment Composition (1)
- Pigment and Protein Content (1)
- Pigmentproteine (1)
- PilF (1)
- Pilus (1)
- Pimephales promelas (1)
- Pink1 (1)
- Pinnotheres (1)
- Pinwheel (1)
- Pithecophaga jefferyi (1)
- Placental barrier (1)
- Planetary boundaries (1)
- Plant morphological groups (1)
- Plant pathogen (1)
- Plant protection product (1)
- Plant regeneration (1)
- Plant regeneration; community assembly; diversity (1)
- Plant sciences (1)
- Plant symbiosis (1)
- Plasmid construction (1)
- Plasmodium (1)
- Plastic contamination (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Plastic polymers (1)
- Plastic response (1)
- Plasticity (1)
- Plastics (1)
- Plastid rRNA (1)
- Plecoptera (1)
- Pleistozän (1)
- Pliocene–Pleistocene (1)
- Podocarpus National Park (1)
- Poecilia (1)
- Poeciliidae (1)
- Pollinator (1)
- Polo-like kinase 3 (1)
- Polyhedral Bodies (1)
- Polyketide synthase (1)
- Polyketides (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polymers (1)
- Polypedates (1)
- Polypeptides (1)
- Polyporales (1)
- Polystyrene (1)
- Polyzoa (1)
- Pond snail (1)
- Pontisma (1)
- Population density (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Populationsdynamik (1)
- Populationsgenetik (1)
- Populus nigra L. cv. Loenen (1)
- Porin (1)
- Positive Selection (1)
- Positive reinforcement training (1)
- Post-Targeting Funktionen (1)
- Postglaziale Verbreitung (1)
- Posttranscriptional gene silencing (1)
- Potato Tuber Slices (1)
- Potato Tuber Tissue (1)
- PrP (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Premating isolation (1)
- Premature Leaf Drop (1)
- Prenyl pyrophosphates (1)
- Pri-miRNA (1)
- Prion (1)
- Prionprotein (1)
- Processing bodies (1)
- Product reuptake (1)
- Prognose (1)
- Proliferation (1)
- Proline (1)
- Prolyl 4 hydroxylases (1)
- Promoter (1)
- Promoters (1)
- Proteasom (1)
- Proteasomeninhibitoren (1)
- Protein Assembly (1)
- Protein Complexes (1)
- Protein DNA-Interaction (1)
- Protein Purification (1)
- Protein Shape (1)
- Protein Sorting (1)
- Protein design (1)
- Protein domains (1)
- Protein drugability (1)
- Protein druggability (1)
- Protein engineering (1)
- Protein flexibility (1)
- Protein folding (1)
- Protein translation (1)
- Protein turnover (1)
- Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Protein-Sortierung (1)
- Proteindesign (1)
- Proteinflexibilität (1)
- Proteins (1)
- Proteoliposomen (1)
- Protocatechuic Acid (1)
- Protracted speciation (1)
- Protura (1)
- Pseudocercospora (1)
- Pseudomonas putida (1)
- Pseudorezeptoren (1)
- Psychological attitudes (1)
- Pterolichoidea (1)
- Pulse treatment (1)
- Pure Cultures of Marine Diatoms (1)
- Purine accumulation (1)
- Purkinje cell (1)
- Pyramidal cells (1)
- Pyramidal neurons (1)
- Pyrolysis GC–MS (1)
- Pyrophosphatase (1)
- Q-modularity (1)
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (1)
- QuEChERS (1)
- Quantitative imaging (1)
- Quantitative microscopy (1)
- Quantum Requirement (1)
- Quarantine (1)
- Quercetin (1)
- Quercus (1)
- Quercus frainetto (1)
- Quercus frainetto Ten. (Ungarische Eiche) (1)
- Quercus ilex L. (Steineiche) (1)
- Quercus pubescens (1)
- Quercus pubescens Willd. (Flaumeiche) (1)
- Quercus robur L. (Stieleiche) (1)
- Quercus rubra L. (Roteiche) (1)
- Quinolinate Phosphoribosyltransferase (1)
- Quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (1)
- Quinolinic acid (1)
- Quinones (1)
- Quinonoids (1)
- Quorum sensing (1)
- Qв Binding Protein (1)
- RADseq (1)
- RAPDs (1)
- RDA, Digital Object Architecture (1)
- REM sleep (1)
- REM-Schlaf (1)
- RMP1 (1)
- RNA Biology (1)
- RNA Polymerase (1)
- RNA and RNA-protein complexes (1)
- RNA binding proteins (1)
- RNA decay (1)
- RNA genome (1)
- RNA polymerase (1)
- RNA stability (1)
- RNA turnover (1)
- RNA-Interferenz (1)
- RNA-binding protein (1)
- RNA-binding proteins (1)
- RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) (1)
- RNA-seq (1)
- RNA–protein complex (1)
- RND (1)
- RNS (1)
- RNS-Bindungsproteine (1)
- ROS (1)
- Radical Pair model (1)
- Radical pair mechanisms (1)
- Radical-Pair-Mechanism (1)
- Radikalpaar (1)
- Radikalpaar-Mechanismus (1)
- Radikalpaar-Prozess (1)
- Radiotherapy (1)
- Rain (1)
- Range expansion (1)
- Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (1)
- Rapoport effect (1)
- Reaktionskinetik (1)
- Real-time semi-quantitative PCR (1)
- Receptor-based (1)
- Recolonization (1)
- Red fox (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Regression analysis (1)
- Regulation of D1 Protein (1)
- Reinigung (1)
- Reintroduction (1)
- Reishi (1)
- Renal tubule (1)
- Rep gene (1)
- Repetitive DNS (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Reproduction (1)
- Research Data Alliance (1)
- Research Ethics (1)
- Research Infrastructure (1)
- Research validity (1)
- Residues (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Resistenzgen (1)
- Respiration (1)
- Respiratory chain (1)
- Respiratory tract diseases (1)
- Retroposon (1)
- Retrotransposons (1)
- Reverse transcription (1)
- Review (1)
- Reward anticipation (1)
- Reward system (1)
- Rezeptor (1)
- Rezeptorbasiert (1)
- Rhamnus purshianus D. C. (1)
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (1)
- Rheumatoide Arthritis (1)
- Rhinophores (1)
- Rhodococcus rhodnii (1)
- Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (1)
- Ribosomen, rRNA Prozessierung, snoRNA, Ribosomenbiogenesefaktoren (1)
- Ribozym (1)
- Rice blast (1)
- Rigidity (1)
- Rigidity theory (1)
- Rigidität (1)
- Rigiditätstheorie (1)
- Ringfund (1)
- Risikoanalyse (1)
- Risikomanagement (1)
- Rnf (1)
- Rnf complex (1)
- Robert Koch Institute (1)
- Ross Sea (1)
- Rotang-Palme (1)
- Rothaargebirge (1)
- Rotoren (1)
- Ruderalarten (1)
- Russell´s Viper (1)
- RxLR effectors (1)
- S-azidoacyl-N-acetylcysteamine (1)
- S. cerevisiae (1)
- S9 (1)
- SAGE (1)
- SCA2 (1)
- SCA34 (1)
- SCA38 (1)
- SCO2 (1)
- SILAC (1)
- SL1 (1)
- SL5b (1)
- SL5b + c (1)
- SL5c (1)
- SLAM-seq (1)
- SNARE (1)
- SNF1 (1)
- SNP (1)
- SNP genotyping (1)
- SNPs (1)
- SPAD (1)
- SPAdes (1)
- SPME-GCMS (1)
- SR protein (1)
- SR proteins (1)
- SSA (1)
- STAT5 (1)
- STAT5-DNA Bindungsstellen (1)
- Sahel ; Savanne ; Pflanzenökologie ; Burkina Faso (1)
- Sahel ; Unkraut ; Pflanzensoziologie ; Burkina Faso (1)
- Salinity (1)
- Salt stress (1)
- Salztress (1)
- Santa Fe National Park (1)
- Saprolegnia (1)
- Sarcophilus (1)
- Sauerstoffradikal (1)
- Scaffold Hopping (1)
- Scale-up (1)
- Schadstoffbelastung (1)
- Schallintensität (1)
- Schibutterbaum (1)
- Schistosomiaisis (1)
- Schizokinen (1)
- Schleiereule (1)
- Schubspannung (1)
- Schutz (1)
- Schutzgebiete (1)
- Schwefelwasserstoff (1)
- Science–society interactions (1)
- Scientific Research (1)
- Scincoidea (1)
- Scincomorpha (1)
- Scrotifera (1)
- Sea water (1)
- Seasons (1)
- Secondary mutations (1)
- Secretins (1)
- Secretion (1)
- Seed sowing experiment (1)
- Seed treatment (1)
- Seed-treatment (1)
- Seedling establishment (1)
- Segetalarten (1)
- Sehzelle (1)
- Semantics (1)
- Senescence (1)
- Sensorimotor processing (1)
- Sensory Neuroscience (1)
- Sequence analysis (1)
- Sequencing (1)
- Sex Attractants (1)
- Sex determination (1)
- Sex reversal (1)
- Shade Adaptation (1)
- Shake flask (1)
- Shapecomparison (1)
- Shea (1)
- Sholl analysis (1)
- Shores (1)
- Short-chain fatty acids (1)
- Shotgun sequencing (1)
- Shrew-1 (1)
- Sign posts (1)
- Signal inhibition (1)
- Signaling (1)
- Signalpeptide (1)
- Signaltransduktion (1)
- Signalverarbeitung (1)
- Similarity (1)
- Simuliidae (1)
- Small molecules (1)
- Small nucleolar RNA (1)
- Smut Fungi (1)
- Smut fungi (1)
- Social Control of Human Experimentation (1)
- Social Control of Science/Technology (1)
- Social behaviour (1)
- Social insects (1)
- Social sciences (1)
- Sodefrin precursor-like factor (1)
- Sodium Proton Exchange (1)
- Sodium Transport (1)
- Sodium transport (1)
- Solanum (1)
- Solanum lycopersicum L. (1)
- Solid Supported Membrane (1)
- Somatochart (1)
- Somatologie (1)
- Sorting nexins (1)
- South African giraffe (1)
- Southeast Asia (1)
- Soziale Amöben (1)
- Soziobiologie (1)
- SpaI (1)
- Species diversity (1)
- Spectral clustering algorithm (1)
- Spektroskopie (1)
- Spheroids (1)
- Sphingolipide (1)
- Sphingosin (1)
- Spine (1)
- Splice variants (1)
- Sporisorium reilianum (1)
- Sprung (1)
- Spumaviren ; Molekulargenetik (1)
- Stadtfauna (1)
- Stadtflora (1)
- Stadtökologie (1)
- Stammzelltransplantation (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Stat3 Gliom Curcumin (1)
- Statistical distributions (1)
- Ste2p (1)
- Stechmücken (1)
- Stehendes Gewässer (1)
- Stem cells (1)
- Stewardship (1)
- Stewardship and dissemination (1)
- Stickstoffmonoxid (1)
- Stimulus-spezifische Adaptation (1)
- Stoffwechsel (1)
- Streams (1)
- Streptomyces coelicolor (1)
- Streptomyces hydrogenans (1)
- String similarity (1)
- Structural protein (1)
- Structure-based Mutagenesis Study (1)
- Structured Illumination Microscopy (1)
- Struktur-Aktivitäts-Beziehung (1)
- Struktur-Aktivitäts-Beziehung Apolipoprotein B (1)
- Strukturaufklärung (1)
- Strukturbiologie (1)
- Subjective Well-Being (1)
- Subterranean environment (1)
- Subtilin (1)
- Sulfuryl Reagents (1)
- Summer drought (1)
- Super resolution (1)
- Super resolution fluorescence microscopy (1)
- SuperSAGE (1)
- Supervised machine learning (1)
- Surface range (1)
- Surface water (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Sustainability research (1)
- Sustainable chemistry (1)
- Svetamycin (1)
- Swift (1)
- Swimming (1)
- Swimming behavior (1)
- Symbiont evolution (1)
- Synapse (1)
- Synaptische Vesikel (1)
- Synaptisches Protein (1)
- Synaptosomal preparation (1)
- Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (1)
- Synovial Fibroblast (1)
- Synthesis gas (1)
- Systematics (1)
- Säugetiere ; Melatonin ; Biosynthese ; Regulation (1)
- Südostasien (1)
- Südostasien ; Tropischer Regenwald ; Kronendach ; Ameisen ; Nestbau (1)
- Südostasien; Macaranga; Bestäubung; Blasenfüße; Mutualismus; Crematogaster; Südostasien; Macaranga; Fortpflanzung; Bestäubung; Blasenfüße; Kastration; Ameisen (1)
- T-Zellen (1)
- T-cell development (1)
- T-cell receptor (1)
- TATA box binding protein (1)
- TDOA (1)
- TIGAR (1)
- TKTL1 (1)
- TOC (1)
- TOM complex (1)
- Tabanus (1)
- Talent (1)
- Talentsuche (1)
- Targeted metabolomics (1)
- Tasmanian devil (1)
- Taube (1)
- Taxonomie (1)
- Tchad (1)
- Technologieakzeptanz (1)
- Temperaturbeständigkeit (1)
- Temperature preference (1)
- Temporäres Gewässer (1)
- Tentakel <Zoologie> (1)
- Termiten (1)
- Termitenbiologie (1)
- Termitenhügel (1)
- Terpenoid (1)
- Testis (1)
- Testosteronreductase <Testosteron-5-alpha-Reductase> (1)
- TetR (1)
- Tetrablemmidae (1)
- Tetrad Analysis (1)
- Tetrazyklinrepressor (1)
- Thalassiosira (1)
- Thermoanaerobacter (1)
- Thermoascus aurantiacus (1)
- Thermophilic acetogenic bacteria (1)
- Thermoregulation (1)
- Thermostability (1)
- Thermostabilität (1)
- Therophyten (1)
- Thin Layer Chromatography (1)
- Thioesterase (1)
- Thiolation domain (1)
- Three-Dimensional Structure (1)
- Three-dimensional cell culture (1)
- Three-dimensional in vitro modeling (1)
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (1)
- Thylakoid Membrane (1)
- Thymidylate Low Requirement (1)
- Thymidylate Sensitivity (1)
- Thymidylate Synthetase (1)
- Thymidylate Uptake (1)
- Thymine Dimers (1)
- Tick-borne diseases (1)
- Tie2 (1)
- Tiefsee (1)
- Tiermodel (1)
- Tiermodell (1)
- Tierphysiologie (1)
- Tigers (1)
- Tigray (1)
- Tissue Engineering (1)
- Tissue integrity (1)
- Toc75-V (1)
- Tocochromanol (1)
- Todesrezeptor (1)
- Tomate (1)
- Tomate ; Hitzestress ; Transkriptionsfaktor (1)
- Tonhöhe (1)
- Tools and pipelines (1)
- Tools and ressources (1)
- Tooth Development (1)
- Topology (1)
- Torini (1)
- Toxic units (1)
- Traditional medicine (1)
- Tragelaphus oryx (1)
- Trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (1)
- Transcription (1)
- Transcriptional control (1)
- Transcriptome analysis (1)
- Transgener Organismus (1)
- Transgenesis (1)
- Transgenic organisms (1)
- Transkription (1)
- Transkription <Genetik> (1)
- Transkriptomanalyse (1)
- Translation (1)
- Translation <Genetik> (1)
- Translocation (1)
- Translocation machineries (1)
- Translokation (1)
- Transmembrane helix (1)
- Transmembrane sheets (1)
- Transplantation (1)
- Traumatic mating (1)
- Tree rings (1)
- Treg cells (1)
- Tribolium castaneum (1)
- Trigeminal nerve (1)
- Trimethylamine biosynthesis (1)
- Tripterospermum (1)
- Triterpenic acids (1)
- Trockenstress (1)
- Tropical forest restoration (1)
- Tropical montane forest (1)
- Truffle (1)
- Trypanosoma rangeli (1)
- Tuber aestivum (1)
- Tuber magnatum (1)
- Tumor interstitial fluid pressure (1)
- Tumor necrosis factor alpha (1)
- Tumor suppressor protein (1)
- Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor <alpha> (1)
- Tumorwachstum (1)
- Tylosis (1)
- Typ 1 Diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (1)
- Typ 4 Pilus (1)
- Type IV Pili (1)
- Tyro Mauritania II (1)
- Tyrosine prototrophy (1)
- Tyto alba (1)
- U-turn (1)
- UDP-Glucose-Dehydrogenase (1)
- UV crosslink events (1)
- UV-B Effects (1)
- UV-stress (1)
- UV/V cones (1)
- UVB (1)
- Ubichinonbindetasche (1)
- Ubiquinone Binding Pocket (1)
- Uhrengene (1)
- Ultrastructure (1)
- Umweltchemikalie (1)
- Umweltdaten (1)
- Umwelterziehung (1)
- Umweltgefährdung (1)
- Umweltrisikoabschätzung (1)
- Umwelttoxikologie (1)
- Umweltwahrnehmung (1)
- University students (1)
- Unterart; Pollen; Sammeln; Verhalten (1)
- Untranslated Region (1)
- Untypische Alterungsnote (1)
- Uptake (1)
- Urban Ecology (1)
- Urban ecology (1)
- Ursus arctos (1)
- Ustilaginales (1)
- Ustilago maydis (1)
- Ustilagomaydis (1)
- V1 (1)
- VEGF (1)
- Vaccinieae (1)
- Vaccinium (1)
- Valine biosynthesis (1)
- Variability (1)
- Vaskularisation (1)
- Vaskulogenese (1)
- Vasophilic migration (1)
- Vector-host-interaction (1)
- Vegetationsbedeckung (1)
- Vegetationsentwicklung (1)
- Vegetationsgeschichte (1)
- Vegetationshöhe (1)
- Vegetationsmuster (1)
- Verankerung (1)
- Verbreitung (1)
- Verbreitungsökologie (1)
- Verteilung (1)
- Vertikalzonierung (1)
- Vesikel (1)
- Vibrio succinogenes (1)
- Vietnam (1)
- Viral infection (1)
- Virulence (1)
- Viskoelastizität (1)
- Visual analysis (1)
- Visual cortex (1)
- Vitality monitoring (1)
- Vitamin-A-Gruppe (1)
- Vocalization (1)
- Vogelzug (1)
- Volumenverschiebungen (1)
- Von Willebrand Faktor (1)
- Von Willebrand factor (1)
- Vorhofflimmern (1)
- Vulpes (1)
- Vulpes lagopus (1)
- Vulpes vulpes (1)
- Vögel (1)
- WAP complex (1)
- WAP-Komplex (1)
- WL110547 (1)
- WSINE1 (1)
- Wachableitung (1)
- Wald (1)
- Wald als Lebensgrundlage (1)
- Wasserflöhe (1)
- Wasserpflanzen (1)
- Wasserstoffperoxid (1)
- Water Framework Directive (1)
- Water accommodated fractions (1)
- Water framework directive (1)
- Weather conditions (1)
- Wechselwirkung (1)
- Weinherstellung (1)
- Weinrebe (1)
- Well-being (1)
- Whole-genome sequence (1)
- Wildlife (1)
- Wissen und Wahrnehmung der Einheimischen (1)
- Wood properties (1)
- Xylem (1)
- Yam (1)
- Yarrowia lipolytica (1)
- Yeast-Two-Hybrid-System (1)
- Yellow fluorescent protein (1)
- Young-old (1)
- Zahnwale (1)
- Zajonc (1)
- Zeaxanthin (1)
- Zeigerwerte (1)
- Zeit-Frequenz-Analyse (1)
- Zeitverarbeitung (1)
- Zelldifferenzierung (1)
- Zelle (1)
- Zellfusion (1)
- Zelllinie (1)
- Zellulares neuronales Netz (1)
- Zellwand (1)
- Zerumbone (1)
- Zinc Stimulation (1)
- Zink (1)
- Zirbeldrüse (1)
- Zn2+ (1)
- Zoologie (1)
- Zospeum (1)
- Zugvögel (1)
- Zweitbrut (1)
- Zymomonas mobilis (1)
- aIF (1)
- abiotic factors (1)
- abondance (1)
- acclimation (1)
- acetaminophen (1)
- acetogenesis (1)
- acetogenic metabolism (1)
- acetylcholine (1)
- acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase; Smpd1) (1)
- acoustic features (1)
- acoustic multilateration (1)
- acoustic startle reflex (1)
- acoustic stream (1)
- actin (1)
- active sensing (1)
- acute attacks (1)
- adaptive laboratory evolution (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- additives (1)
- adenine (1)
- adenosine receptors (1)
- adhesin (1)
- adhesion (1)
- adipogenesis (1)
- admixture inference (1)
- advanced glycation end products (1)
- agaricomycetes (1)
- age (1)
- aging and catalases (1)
- aktuelles Interesse (1)
- akute Toxizität (1)
- alarm calls (1)
- aldehydes (1)
- algae (1)
- algal evolution (1)
- alkaloid (1)
- all-E Lycopene (1)
- allosterischer Modulator (1)
- alpha-delta-Bungarotoxin (1)
- alpha-proteobacteria (1)
- alpha-synuclein (1)
- alteración por descarga (1)
- alternative 3′ end processing (1)
- alzheimer’s disease (1)
- anaerobic metabolism (1)
- anal carcinoma (1)
- androgens (1)
- angipoietin (1)
- aniline blue (1)
- animal cognition (1)
- animal detection (1)
- animal hybridization (1)
- animal migration (1)
- animal personality (1)
- animal sounds (1)
- anomaly zone (1)
- antennale Sensillen (1)
- anther development (1)
- anthracology (1)
- anti-inflammatory (1)
- anti-oxidants (1)
- antiandrogens (1)
- antibiotic resistance (1)
- antibiotics (1)
- antifungals (1)
- antigen processing (1)
- antimicrobial resistance (1)
- antipredator (1)
- apex bird species (1)
- aptamers (1)
- aquatic environment (1)
- arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- arabinose (1)
- archaeobotany (1)
- articular chondrocytes (1)
- artificial docking domains (1)
- asexual reproduction (1)
- asgard group (1)
- assembly gaps (1)
- assessment of reference bias (1)
- assisted migration (1)
- astaxanthin (1)
- astrocytes (1)
- asymmetry (1)
- atrial fibrillation (1)
- atrophy (1)
- attitudes (1)
- attitudes towards species conservation (1)
- attractive crops (1)
- auditory Midbrain (1)
- auditory processing (1)
- autologous stem cell transplantation (1)
- automated conservation assessment (1)
- automated radiotelemetry system (1)
- avian magnetic compass (1)
- azaindole (1)
- azides (1)
- azido-fatty acids (1)
- b-barrel membrane protein (1)
- b-carotene ketolase (1)
- bacillary angiomatosis (1)
- background noise (1)
- bacteria-host interaction (1)
- bacterial autotransporter (1)
- bacterial communities (1)
- bacterial community (1)
- bacterial infection (1)
- bacterial microcompartment (1)
- bacterial secretion (1)
- bacterium-fungus interaction (1)
- balancing selection (1)
- barrier loci (1)
- basal oomycetes (1)
- baseline (1)
- bears (1)
- behavioral research (1)
- behaviour (1)
- behavioural ecology (1)
- behavioural syndrome (1)
- benchmarking (1)
- benthic fauna (1)
- benthos (1)
- beta-Bungarotoxin (1)
- betaine/choline/carnitine transporter (1)
- binding sites (1)
- bioactivity testing (1)
- bioassays (1)
- biochemistry (1)
- biocommodities (1)
- biodiesel (1)
- biodiversity conservation (1)
- biodiversity in literature (1)
- biodiversity loss (1)
- bioengineering (1)
- bioethanol (1)
- biofuel (1)
- biofuels (1)
- biogenic amine (1)
- biogeography (1)
- biohydrogen (1)
- bioinformatic (1)
- biological archives (1)
- biological variables (1)
- biologicals (1)
- biomarkers (1)
- biome (1)
- bioreactor (1)
- biosonar (1)
- biosynthetic gene clusters (1)
- biotechnology (1)
- biotic factors (1)
- bipartite networks (1)
- bitopic transmembrane α-helix (1)
- blood vessels (1)
- body length (1)
- bois d’œuvre (1)
- bone remodeling (1)
- bone resorption (1)
- brain phosphorylome (1)
- brain rhythms (1)
- brain waves (1)
- branching (1)
- breast muscle (1)
- breeding sites (1)
- bromodomains (1)
- brood (1)
- caddisflies (1)
- calcium signalling (1)
- calcium store (1)
- calentamiento climático (1)
- calmodulin (1)
- cancer (1)
- cancer models (1)
- candidate genes (1)
- captive management (1)
- carbon dioxide reduction (1)
- carbon monoxide (1)
- cardiolipin (1)
- carnitine metabolism (1)
- carnivora (1)
- carotenogenic genes (1)
- carotenogenic pathways (1)
- carotenoid (1)
- carotenoid distribution (1)
- carotenoid pathway engineering (1)
- carotenoid structures (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- caudate (1)
- cave-dwelling species (1)
- caves (1)
- cdk (1)
- cell death (1)
- cell differentiation (1)
- cell fractionation (1)
- cell growth (1)
- cell migration (1)
- cell surface hydrophobicity (1)
- cell volume (1)
- cell-cell communication (1)
- cellular self-organization (1)
- cellular signaling (1)
- ceramide phosphoinositols (1)
- ceramide synthase (CERS2/CERS1) (1)
- cerebellum (1)
- cerebral metastasis (1)
- chaperone (1)
- chaperones (1)
- chassis cell (1)
- checklist (1)
- checkpoint inhibitors (1)
- chemical shifts (1)
- chemical synthesis (1)
- chemiosmosis (1)
- chemoradiotherapy (1)
- chemotherapy (1)
- chickpea genome sequence (1)
- chloride accumulation (1)
- chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- chlorophyta (1)
- chloroplast envelopes (1)
- chloroplast membrane proteins (1)
- chloroplast phosphorylation network (1)
- chloroplasts (1)
- chromalveolate (1)
- chromatography (1)
- chromosome organization (1)
- chromosomes (1)
- chronische Toxizität (1)
- circadian clock (1)
- cisternal organelle (1)
- citizen science (1)
- click chemistry (1)
- click-chemistry (1)
- climate warming (1)
- climate-change ecology (1)
- climatic variables (1)
- clonal dominance (1)
- clonal hematopoiesis (1)
- clostridia (1)
- cluster analysis (1)
- co-crystallization (1)
- co-culture model (1)
- co-fermentation of pentoses with glucose (1)
- co-knowledge production (1)
- co-transcriptional regulation (1)
- coactivators (1)
- cobaltocene (1)
- cobra (1)
- cochlea (1)
- cochlear amplifier (1)
- cochleärer Verstärker (1)
- cockroach (1)
- coevolution (1)
- coherence (1)
- combined therapy (1)
- commissures (1)
- common transition pairs (1)
- communication (1)
- communication-mediating domains (1)
- community (1)
- community mean (1)
- comparative analysis (1)
- compartmental modeling (1)
- compass orientation (1)
- complement system (1)
- complementation (1)
- complete chloroplast genome (1)
- complex of closely related species (1)
- complex plastid (1)
- comprehensive care (1)
- computational and systems biology (1)
- computational biology (1)
- computational chemistry (1)
- computational literary studies (1)
- computational modeling (1)
- conditions du sol (1)
- conflict mitigation (1)
- conflicting hypotheses (1)
- confocal laser scanning microscopy (1)
- conformational change (1)
- connaissances et perceptions locales (1)
- connectedness to nature scale (1)
- connectedness to nature scale (CNS) (1)
- conservation biology (1)
- consortia (1)
- control region (1)
- control theory (1)
- convergent adaptive evolution (1)
- convergent evolution (1)
- cooperation (1)
- cophylogeny (1)
- core facility administration (1)
- cortisol secretion (1)
- cosmopolitan (1)
- cosmopolite (1)
- cospeciation (1)
- cotransformation (1)
- coupling (1)
- couverture végétale (1)
- covalent reversible inhibition (1)
- cpDNA (1)
- cross-border (1)
- cross-frequency coupling (1)
- cross-species RNA-sequencing (1)
- crosslinking-mass spectrometry (1)
- cryo-EM (1)
- cryo-electron tomography (1)
- cryptic species (1)
- cryptochrome 1a (1)
- cultivation (1)
- cultural ecosystem services (1)
- cultural landscape (1)
- custom (1)
- cyanobacteria (1)
- cyclic depsipeptide (1)
- cyclins (1)
- cyclooctyne (1)
- cyclooxygenase-2 (1)
- cytokine (1)
- cytosolic free calcium (1)
- dPAS (1)
- dRNA-Seq (1)
- data integration (1)
- data processing (1)
- data pruning (1)
- database (1)
- de novo Synthesis (1)
- de novo design (1)
- de novo transcription (1)
- deadwood (1)
- deadwood experiments (1)
- decision-making (1)
- declinación rápida de abundancia (1)
- deep learning (1)
- deep sea (1)
- deep water (1)
- deep-sea sediment (1)
- deepSuperSAGE (1)
- degree of saturation (1)
- delta oscillations (1)
- demography (1)
- dendrite (1)
- dendritic branching (1)
- dendritic morphology (1)
- depolymersation (1)
- depth (1)
- dermosphere (1)
- designed multitarget ligands (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diabetes type 1 (1)
- diadinoxanthin (1)
- diagnostic radiologic examination (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- diatom (1)
- diatom parasites (1)
- diatoxanthin (1)
- diesel (1)
- differentially regulated orthologs (1)
- differentiation diversity (1)
- digital photos (1)
- digital student lab (1)
- digital twin (1)
- dimer interface formation (1)
- discharge alteration (1)
- dispersal (1)
- display Bibliotek (1)
- display library (1)
- distribution pattern (1)
- diurnal (1)
- diurnal variation (1)
- diversity (1)
- docking domains (1)
- docking studies (1)
- domain architecture evolution (1)
- données d’observation (1)
- dopamine (1)
- double hierarchical model (1)
- downy mildew (1)
- drug discovery (1)
- drug screening system (1)
- dryland (1)
- dual BET/HDAC inhibitor (1)
- dépendance des forêts (1)
- eNPP2 (1)
- easyPACId (1)
- ecological genetics (1)
- ecological risk assessment (1)
- ecological speciation (1)
- ecology and biodiversity (1)
- ecology of fear (1)
- ecospat (1)
- ecosystem engineers (1)
- ecosystem management (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- ectomycorrhizal (1)
- education for sustainable development (ESD) (1)
- effectors (1)
- elapid snake (1)
- electron bifurcation (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- electron transport (1)
- electron transport chains (1)
- electrophilic natural products (1)
- electrophysiologie (1)
- electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (1)
- elektrochemisches Protonenpotential (1)
- elementary mode (1)
- elephant (1)
- elephant damage (1)
- elephant‐safe stores (1)
- elevational gradient (1)
- elimination rate constant (1)
- emiliania huxleyi (1)
- emotions (1)
- endemism (1)
- endocrine disruptor (1)
- endocrine-disrupting chemicals (1)
- endomembrane system (1)
- endophytes (1)
- endosomes (1)
- endothelial cell (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- endothial precursor cells (1)
- endémisme (1)
- energy (1)
- energy conservation (1)
- energy metabolism (1)
- energy-converting hydrogenase (Ech) (1)
- engineering (1)
- enrichment (1)
- entomopathogenic bacteria (1)
- entropy (1)
- envelope membrane proteome approach comparison (1)
- envenoming (1)
- environment (1)
- environmental factors (1)
- environmental gradients (1)
- environmental health (1)
- environmental humanities (1)
- environmental niche (1)
- environmental perception (1)
- environmental pollution (1)
- environmental stressors (1)
- environmental variables (1)
- enzymatic electrosynthesis (1)
- enzyme activity (1)
- enzyme assay (1)
- enzyme inhibitor (1)
- ephrinB (1)
- epidermal growth factor (1)
- epoxides (1)
- espèces rudérales (1)
- espèces ségétales (1)
- essential gene (1)
- ester (1)
- esterification (1)
- ether lipids (1)
- ethnobotany (1)
- ethnoecology (1)
- eukaryotic biodiversity (1)
- eukaryotic system (1)
- eutroglobiont gastropod (1)
- evolutionary biology (1)
- evolutionary traceability (1)
- excipients (1)
- excitatory glycine receptor (1)
- exon coalescence (1)
- exon concatenation (1)
- exosomes (1)
- experiment (1)
- exposome (1)
- exposure (1)
- expression system (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- extracellular recording (1)
- extracellular stimuli (1)
- extrazelluläre Messung (1)
- extreme frost (1)
- fMRI (1)
- failure to diverge (1)
- fasting (1)
- fatty acid dependency (1)
- fatty acid desaturation (1)
- fatty acid elongase (Elovl1/4/5) (1)
- fatty acid metabolism (1)
- feedback neurons (1)
- fine structure (1)
- fish bones (1)
- fishing (1)
- fission (1)
- fitness (1)
- flagellar sensilla (1)
- flavin cycle (1)
- flavonoid (1)
- flavonoids (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- fluorescent dye (1)
- focal adhesion (1)
- folding (1)
- foliar pathogens (1)
- food contact materials (1)
- food security (1)
- foraging (1)
- forest dependency (1)
- formate dehydrogenase (1)
- formate oxidation (1)
- fractionation (1)
- fragile-X-associated tremor-ataxia syndrome (1)
- freie Radikale (1)
- frequency-time analysis (1)
- freshwater (1)
- freshwater crayfish (1)
- freshwater ecosystems (1)
- fronto-temporal-lobar-dementia (1)
- frugivorous bird communities (1)
- fucoxanthin (1)
- fucoxanthin-chlorophyll-proteins (1)
- full-thickness skin model (1)
- function, sorting (1)
- functional group (1)
- functional identity (1)
- functional module (1)
- functional redundancy (1)
- functional richness (1)
- fungal effectors (1)
- fungal phylogeny (1)
- fungal traits (1)
- fusion (1)
- fusion inhibitor (1)
- fuzzy clustering (1)
- gRNA library (1)
- gap duration (1)
- gap-prepulse inhibition (1)
- gas exchange (1)
- gastropods (1)
- gel retardation (1)
- gen expression (1)
- gene expression profiling (1)
- gene families (1)
- gene family (1)
- gene loss (1)
- gene models (1)
- gene regulation (1)
- gene sequence data (1)
- gene therapy (1)
- general autophagy (1)
- generalised additive models (1)
- genes for longevity (1)
- genetic drift (1)
- genetic pathway (1)
- genetical engineering (1)
- genetics (1)
- genetics and genomics (1)
- genetische Diversität (1)
- genome architecture (1)
- genome assembly (1)
- genome assembly and annotation (1)
- genome copy numbers (1)
- genome evolution (1)
- genome-wide (1)
- genomic diversity (1)
- genotype (1)
- genotyping (1)
- geoecology (1)
- geographical distribution (1)
- geographical origin (1)
- gephyrin (1)
- gerbil (1)
- gerontology (1)
- giraffe (1)
- giraffe behavior (1)
- glidobactin (1)
- glidobactins (1)
- glioma (1)
- global biomes (1)
- glucocorticoid (1)
- glucocorticoid receptor (1)
- glucose (1)
- glucose transport inhibitor (1)
- glutamine synthetase (1)
- glycation (1)
- glycine receptor (1)
- glycine rezeptor (1)
- gp41 (1)
- graded structure (1)
- graduate school (1)
- granule cell (1)
- granule cells (1)
- grapes (1)
- grasslands (1)
- gravity (1)
- growth promotion (1)
- growth rates (1)
- guanidine riboswitch (1)
- guarding behavior (1)
- guided zoo tours (1)
- guideline (1)
- habitat filter (1)
- habitat heterogeneity (1)
- hair cell (1)
- haloferax volcanii (1)
- halophile (1)
- halophilic (1)
- hands-on elements (1)
- harmine (1)
- hauteur de végétation (1)
- hearing loss (1)
- heart development (1)
- heart diameter (1)
- heart failure (1)
- heat (1)
- heat and drought (1)
- heat shock protein (1)
- heat stress transcription factor (1)
- heat stress transcription factors (1)
- heat-shock protein (1)
- heathlands (1)
- hematopietic stress (1)
- hematopoiesis (1)
- hematopoietic stem cell (1)
- hematopoietic stem cells (1)
- hemodialysis (1)
- herbivores (1)
- hereditary angioedema, (1)
- hereditary hyperekplexia (1)
- heterocysts (1)
- heteroplasmy (1)
- heterosynaptic plasticity (1)
- heterozygous cells (1)
- high light adaptation (1)
- high throughput (1)
- high throughput screening (1)
- high-content screening (1)
- high-frequency stimulation (1)
- higher education (1)
- hippo (1)
- historical biodiversity (1)
- holocarpic oomycetes (1)
- homeobox A9 (1)
- homologous gene expression (1)
- honey bee classification (1)
- honey bees (1)
- honeybee (1)
- horizontal gene transfer (1)
- host cell response (1)
- host specificity (1)
- host-switch (1)
- housing conditions (1)
- human (1)
- human footprint (1)
- human host adaptation (1)
- human impact (1)
- human monocytes (1)
- human pancreatic organoids (hPOs) (1)
- human pathogen (1)
- human-wildlife conflict (1)
- human‐wildlife interactions (1)
- human–elephant conflict (1)
- humorale Autoimmunantwort (1)
- hxt0 yeast strain (1)
- hybrid (1)
- hybrid enrichment (1)
- hybrid strategy (1)
- hydrogen bond (1)
- hydrogen evolution (1)
- hydrogen oxidation (1)
- hydrogen production (1)
- hydrogen-dependent carbon dioxide reductase (1)
- hydrogenase (1)
- hydrogenation of CO2 (1)
- hydrophytes (1)
- hydroxamate (1)
- hydroxyproline (1)
- hyperparasitic fungi (1)
- hyperparasitism (1)
- hypocotyls (1)
- hypothesis (1)
- hypoxia (1)
- i-AAA protease (1)
- ibosome biogenesis (1)
- ice coverage (1)
- illustrated inclusion of nature in self scale (IINS) (1)
- immune system (1)
- immunotherapy (1)
- impact humain (1)
- imported malaria (1)
- in situ diversification (1)
- in vitro test system (1)
- in vivo screen (1)
- in-vitro Assay (1)
- inbreeding (1)
- inclusion of nature in self scale (INS) (1)
- indel (1)
- indicator values (1)
- individualized therapy (1)
- inducible nitric oxide synthase (1)
- infectious diseases (1)
- infra-slow oscillation (1)
- infrared (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- ingénieurs de l'écosystème (1)
- inhibition (1)
- inositol signaling (1)
- insect (1)
- insect abundance (1)
- insecticidal activity (1)
- insecticide (1)
- insecticides (1)
- instrument performance tests (1)
- integrate-and-fire (1)
- integrin (1)
- intellectual property (1)
- intensity (1)
- interaction networks (1)
- interdisciplinarity (1)
- interest in animals (1)
- internal transcribed spacer rDNA (1)
- intra-tumor heterogeneity (1)
- intracellular protein localization (1)
- intracellular stimuli (1)
- introgression (1)
- introgressive hybridization (1)
- invariant transition pairs (1)
- invasive mammals (1)
- ions (1)
- iron (1)
- iron starvation (1)
- ischemia (1)
- island biogeography (1)
- islands of divergence (1)
- isolated nature reserves (1)
- isorhamnetin (1)
- keratinocytes (1)
- kern-basiertes Lernen (1)
- kernel learning (1)
- kidney disease (1)
- kinase protein interaction (1)
- kinase regulation (1)
- kinetics (1)
- knock-out (1)
- krait (1)
- lab motivation scale (LMS) (1)
- labradorin (1)
- land snails (1)
- land use (1)
- landscape diversity (1)
- landscape fragmentation (1)
- land‐use planning (1)
- lange Signalpeptide (1)
- lantibiotic (1)
- large carnivores (1)
- large subunit maturation (1)
- larvae (1)
- lateral line (1)
- lateralization (1)
- latitudinal gradient (1)
- learning difficulties (1)
- learning technology (1)
- left ventricular hypertrophy (1)
- legionella (1)
- lentivirale siRNA Transduktion (1)
- leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction (1)
- leukodystrophy (1)
- libgen (1)
- lichen (1)
- lichen diversity (1)
- lichen secondary metabolites (1)
- lichenized fungi (1)
- lichens (1)
- life cycle effects (1)
- life span (1)
- life-cycle (1)
- ligand-binding domain (1)
- ligands (1)
- light (1)
- light dependent magnetic compass (1)
- light stimuli (1)
- light-harvesting (1)
- light-stress (1)
- likelihood quartet mapping (1)
- lipid metabolism (1)
- lipid peroxidation (1)
- lipid profiles (1)
- lipid to protein ratio (1)
- lipidomics (1)
- lipoprotein (1)
- literature review (1)
- liver cancer (1)
- liver damage (1)
- local control (1)
- local factors (1)
- local field potentials (1)
- long noncoding RNA (1)
- long sequencing reads (1)
- long signal peptide (1)
- long-distance dispersa (1)
- long-term depression (1)
- long-term observations (1)
- long-term prophylaxis (1)
- long-term protection (1)
- long-term research (1)
- long36 term protection (1)
- low-frequency sound (1)
- ländliche Einkommen (1)
- ländliche Entwicklung (1)
- m-Cresol (1)
- mPTP (1)
- mRNA export (1)
- mRNA isoforms (1)
- mRNA-Abbau (1)
- mRNA-Speicherung (1)
- mTOR (1)
- machine learning (1)
- macroecological model (1)
- macroevolution (1)
- macroremains (1)
- magnetic compass orientation (1)
- magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- maize (1)
- major vault protein (1)
- maladaptation (1)
- malaria elimination (1)
- mammary gland tissue (1)
- marine oil spills (1)
- marine protected areas (1)
- marsupial phylogeny (1)
- mathematical modeling (1)
- mating type (1)
- matrix metalloprotease (1)
- maturation process (1)
- maturity (1)
- maximal common transition set (1)
- maximum likelihood (1)
- mayflies (1)
- mean fruit body size (1)
- mechanical stimuli (1)
- mechanics (1)
- medically relevant (1)
- mediterranean (1)
- meerkats (1)
- membrane (1)
- membrane complex dynamics (1)
- membrane fatty acids (1)
- membrane fusion (1)
- membrane potential (1)
- membrane protein (1)
- membrane proteome (1)
- membrane structure (1)
- membranes (1)
- memory (1)
- menschlicher Einfluss (1)
- messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) (1)
- meta-stable structures (1)
- metabolic disruptors (1)
- metabolic engineering (1)
- metabolic networks (1)
- metabolic pathway (1)
- metabolic pathways (1)
- metabolites (1)
- metabolomic (1)
- metabotroper Glutamatrezeptor (1)
- metabotropic (1)
- metagenome assembly (1)
- metalloenzymes (1)
- metalloproteins (1)
- metastasis (1)
- metastatic cancer (1)
- metazoans (1)
- methylglyoxal (1)
- miR-181 (1)
- micro-CT (1)
- microRNAs (1)
- microgastropoda (1)
- microsatellite (1)
- microscopy room requirements (1)
- microtubular cytoskeleton (1)
- microtubule-targeting agents (1)
- migratory birds (1)
- migratory orientation (1)
- minimal cut set (1)
- mismatch negativity (1)
- mitochondria localization (1)
- mitochondrial dynamics (1)
- mitochondrial dysfunction (1)
- mitochondrial genome (1)
- mitochondrial localization motif (1)
- mitochondrial protein import (1)
- mitochondrial quality control (1)
- mitogen-activated protein kinase (1)
- mitohormesis (1)
- mitosis (1)
- mitotic spindle (1)
- model uncertainty (1)
- model verification (1)
- modularity (1)
- molecualr phylogeny (1)
- molecular evolution (1)
- molecular phylogenetic analysis (1)
- molecular phylogenetics (1)
- molecular screening (1)
- molecular systematics (1)
- monetary impacts (1)
- monitoring (1)
- monoamine oxidase A (1)
- monocyclase (1)
- monocytes (1)
- morphological features (1)
- morphological modeling (1)
- morphology evaluation (1)
- moth indicator groups (1)
- motif search (1)
- motivation (1)
- motivations (1)
- motor protein (1)
- mounting (1)
- mouse retina (1)
- mouse tissues (1)
- mt DNA (1)
- mtDNA control region (1)
- mtDNA haplotypes (1)
- mtor (1)
- multi-locus analyses (1)
- multi-objective optimization (1)
- multi-omics technology (1)
- multielectrode array (1)
- multilocus genotype (1)
- muscarinic receptor (1)
- muscle contraction (1)
- mushroom (1)
- mushroom bodies (1)
- mushroom body extrinsic neurons (1)
- mycorrhiza (1)
- mycorrhizas (1)
- myeloid angiogenic cells (1)
- myxobacteria (1)
- myxomycete (1)
- n-Butanol (1)
- n-butanol (1)
- nNOS (1)
- natural behavior (1)
- natural competence (1)
- natural compounds (1)
- natural product (1)
- naturalistic stimuli (1)
- nature connectedness (1)
- nature relatedness scale (NR) (1)
- negative Praktiken (1)
- negative practices (1)
- nematode diversity (1)
- nematophin (1)
- neoxanthin (1)
- network reduction (1)
- network state changes (1)
- neural coding (1)
- neurexin (1)
- neuro-vascular (1)
- neurobiology (1)
- neuroblast growth (1)
- neurodegeneration (1)
- neurodevelopment (1)
- neuroethology (1)
- neuromodulation (1)
- neuronal coherence (1)
- neuronal network (1)
- neuronal plasticity (1)
- neurons (1)
- neurosimulation (1)
- neutral ceramidase (Asah2) (1)
- neutral sphingomyelinase (Smpd3) (1)
- new combinations (1)
- new records (1)
- new species (1)
- niche evolution (1)
- nicht kodierende RNA (1)
- nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (1)
- nightly behavior (1)
- nisin binding (1)
- nocturnal activity (1)
- nocturnal behavior (1)
- noise-induced hearing loss (1)
- nomadic (1)
- non coding RNA (1)
- non-coding RNA (1)
- non-destructive sampling (1)
- non-invasive (1)
- non-material contribution (1)
- non-ribosomal peptide syntheses (1)
- non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- non-target chemical analysis (1)
- non-timber forest products (1)
- non-timber forest products (NTFPs) (1)
- nonbreeding (1)
- noninvasive species (1)
- nonribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (1)
- nontarget (1)
- northern giraffe (1)
- novel natural products (1)
- npas4l (1)
- nuclear architecture (1)
- nuclear hormone receptor (1)
- nucleolin (1)
- nucleolus (1)
- nucleophilic addition (1)
- nucleotid-sugars (1)
- nucleotide-sugar (1)
- number (1)
- oakmoss (1)
- obesogens (1)
- obligate pathogens (1)
- observaciones a largo plazo (1)
- observation data (1)
- octanoic acid (1)
- off-target reads (1)
- olivo-cochlear efferents (1)
- olivo-cochleäre Efferenzen (1)
- olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA) (1)
- oncogene (1)
- oncogenes (1)
- oncomodulation (1)
- one new species (1)
- online learning (1)
- ontogenesis (1)
- ontogenetic development (1)
- oomycete (1)
- oomycetes (1)
- open data (1)
- open materials (1)
- open-data (1)
- open-source 3D bioprinting (1)
- organellar ploidy levels (1)
- organelle structure (1)
- organoids (1)
- organotin compound (1)
- orientation behavior (1)
- orthogroup (1)
- ortholog search (1)
- orthology assignment (1)
- oscillations (1)
- osmoadaptation (1)
- osmoregulation (1)
- osmotic stress (1)
- osteoclastogenesis (1)
- osteoclasts (1)
- otic neurogenesis (1)
- outdoor education (1)
- ovarian cancer (1)
- oxazole (1)
- oxidativer Stress (1)
- oxygen radical (1)
- oxygenic photosynthesis (1)
- oxylipins (1)
- p44/42 MAPK (1)
- p53 (1)
- pH Regulation (1)
- pPAS (1)
- paclitaxel (1)
- paleobiology (1)
- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (1)
- parabolic flight (1)
- paralogy (1)
- parasites Tapinanthus (1)
- parasitoid (1)
- parathyroid hormone 2 (1)
- pathogenicity (1)
- pathway (1)
- pathway complexity (1)
- pathway evolution (1)
- pathway regulation (1)
- patient-derived organoids (1)
- pattern (1)
- pearl millet (1)
- peptide-antimicrobial-Xenorhabdus peptide (1)
- peptide-loading complex (1)
- peptides (1)
- peroxisom proliferator aktivierter Rezeptor (1)
- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (1)
- peroxisomes (1)
- personalized oncology (1)
- pesticide (1)
- phase-amplitude coupling (1)
- phenotypic analysis (1)
- phenotyping (1)
- phenylpropanoid (1)
- phosphate starvation (1)
- phosphoketolase (1)
- phosphorylation (1)
- phosphotransacetylase (1)
- photocycle (1)
- photooxidativer Stress (1)
- photoreceptor (1)
- photos numériques (1)
- photosystem II assembly and repair (1)
- photosystem maintenance (1)
- phylogenetic approach (1)
- phylogenetic conflict (1)
- phylogenetic informativeness (1)
- phylogenetic network (1)
- phylogenetic profile (1)
- phylogenetic profiles (1)
- phylogenetic profiling (1)
- phytogeography (1)
- phytogéographie (1)
- phytosociologie (1)
- phytosociology (1)
- pitch (1)
- planning and design (1)
- plant diversification (1)
- plant protein distribution (1)
- plant proteomics (1)
- plant regeneration (1)
- plant-animal mutualism (1)
- plant-microbe interactions (1)
- plasma (1)
- plasmid (1)
- plasmid copy number (1)
- plastic (1)
- plasticity (1)
- plastid protein import (1)
- plastids (1)
- plastome (1)
- playback experiment (1)
- pleiotropy (1)
- policies (1)
- politics and governance (1)
- pollinator crisis (1)
- polo-like kinase (1)
- polyacetylenes (1)
- polyines (1)
- polyketide synthases (1)
- polymers (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- polyynes (1)
- population growth (1)
- population structure (1)
- populations rurales pauvres (1)
- positive selection (1)
- post-transcriptional gene regulation (1)
- post-transcriptional regulation (1)
- postglacial colonisation (1)
- posttranslational regulation of photosynthesis (1)
- posture estimation (1)
- potassium channel (1)
- power law (1)
- pratiques négatives (1)
- pre-clinical models (1)
- pre-mRNA splicing (1)
- precipitation (1)
- predation (1)
- predation risk (1)
- prediction error (1)
- prepulse inhibition (1)
- preregistered (1)
- priority natural areas (1)
- probe kit (1)
- prodrug (1)
- produits forestiers non ligneux (1)
- progenitor cell (1)
- pronephric duct (1)
- propagating waves (1)
- propanediol utilization (1)
- property damage (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- protease (1)
- proteasome inhibitors (1)
- proteasomeinhibitors (1)
- protected areas (1)
- protein complex assembly (1)
- protein folding (1)
- protein import (1)
- protein kinases (1)
- protein membrane insertion (1)
- protein production (1)
- protein quality control (1)
- protein sorting (1)
- protein stability (1)
- protein structure (1)
- protein trafficking (1)
- protein translocation (1)
- protein-ligand docking (1)
- proteobacteria (1)
- proteoliposomes, (1)
- proteome (1)
- proteome analysis (1)
- proteomic (1)
- proton translocation (1)
- protonated cytidine (1)
- protons (1)
- protoplast fusion (1)
- pseudoreceptors (1)
- pseudouridylation (1)
- psychiatric disorders (1)
- pupil diameter (1)
- pupillometry (1)
- purification (1)
- qH2 (1)
- qPCR (1)
- quality control (1)
- quality of life (1)
- quantification (1)
- quantitative disease resistance (1)
- quantitative proteomics (1)
- quercetin (1)
- quercus (1)
- quorum quenching (1)
- rRNA (1)
- raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) (1)
- radical pair model (1)
- radical-pair process (1)
- radicals (1)
- radioresponse (1)
- radiotherapy (1)
- random forest (1)
- range expansion (1)
- rapid abundance decline (1)
- rare species (1)
- rationale Stammentwicklung (1)
- reaction mechanisms (1)
- receptor (1)
- recolonization (1)
- recommendations (1)
- red algae (1)
- redox polymer (1)
- reductases (1)
- reference bias (1)
- regurgitation pellets (1)
- reinforcement statistical learning (1)
- reintroduction (1)
- relational values (1)
- remodeling (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- repeat elements (1)
- repetition suppression (1)
- repetitive DNA (1)
- repetitive Tonpulse (1)
- repetitive tone pips (1)
- replication (1)
- reptiles (1)
- resident’ knowledge and perceptions (1)
- residual intra‐individual variability (1)
- resource losses (1)
- respiratory chain (1)
- ressources de base (1)
- resting site (1)
- resveratrol (1)
- retina (1)
- retina development (1)
- retrophylogenomics (1)
- retrotransposition (1)
- retrotransposons (1)
- retroviral vectors (1)
- retrovirale Vektoren (1)
- revenu rural (1)
- reversed phase (1)
- rhizosphere (1)
- rhodesain (1)
- ribosomal proteins (1)
- ribosomes (1)
- ribosomes, Arabiodpsis thaliana, pre-rRNA processing, snoRNA, (1)
- riboswitches (1)
- richness model (1)
- right eye/left brain system (1)
- risk assessment (1)
- rna interference (1)
- rock-climbing impact (1)
- roentgen rays (1)
- root nodules (1)
- royal jelly (1)
- ruderal species (1)
- runs of homozygosity (1)
- rural income (1)
- rural poor (1)
- ryanodine receptor (1)
- sRNA regulon (1)
- sage downy mildew (1)
- salivary gland (1)
- salmonella (1)
- saprobic and ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes (1)
- saprotrophic (1)
- saprotrophic fungi (1)
- sarcoplasmic reticulum (1)
- satellite rainfall estimates (1)
- savanna (1)
- savanna ecosystem (1)
- scFv (1)
- scale invariance (1)
- scale validation (1)
- science citoyenne (1)
- scoring function (1)
- sea-level fluctuations (1)
- seafloor bathymetry (1)
- seasonal migration (1)
- secondary endosymbiosis (1)
- secondary metabolism (1)
- secondary metabolite (1)
- secreted proteins (1)
- seedling (1)
- seedling communities (1)
- segetal species (1)
- self-administration (1)
- sensitization (1)
- sensory (1)
- sensory acquisition (1)
- sensory coding (1)
- sequence analysis (1)
- sequence evolution (1)
- sequencing (1)
- sequencing error (1)
- serine palmitoyltransferase 2 (Sptlc2) (1)
- serine/arginine-rich proteins (1)
- sesquiterpenoids (1)
- sex determination (1)
- sexual ornament (1)
- shallow lakes (1)
- shallow water (1)
- short-term prophylaxis (1)
- shroom (1)
- siRNA (1)
- siderophore (1)
- siderophore-dependent iron uptake (1)
- signal peptide (1)
- signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (1)
- signaling (1)
- silicate (1)
- simplified production (1)
- singlet oxygen (1)
- site-specific recombination (1)
- skin equivalent (1)
- small RNA (1)
- small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- small animals (1)
- small nucleolar RNA (1)
- small proteins (1)
- small regulatory RNA (1)
- snake bite (1)
- snoRNAs (1)
- social facilitation (1)
- social information (1)
- social inhibition (1)
- social insects (1)
- social introduction (1)
- social isolation (1)
- social survey (1)
- socio-economic sectors (1)
- socio-economics (1)
- soil VOCs (1)
- soil conditions (1)
- soil degradation (1)
- soil fungal communities (1)
- soluble epoxide hydrolase (1)
- soluble guanylyl cyclase (1)
- somatic mutations (1)
- sound coding (1)
- sound localization (1)
- southern Africa (1)
- spa/spa TG456 mice (1)
- spatial analysis (1)
- spatial learning (1)
- special needs education (1)
- specialization (1)
- species delimitation (1)
- species discrimination (1)
- species distribution modelling (1)
- species distribution models (1)
- species tree (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- spheroid (1)
- sphingolipids (1)
- sphingosine (1)
- spine apparatus (1)
- splicing (1)
- splicing regulation (1)
- spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (1)
- stairway plot (1)
- startle syndrome (1)
- stereolithography (1)
- stilbenes (1)
- stimulus repetition (1)
- stimulus-specific adaptation (1)
- stingless bee (1)
- stochastic factors (1)
- stoneflies (1)
- strained promoted cycloadditon (1)
- stream macroinvertebrates (1)
- structure activity relationship (1)
- structure elucidation (1)
- structure modeling (1)
- sub-Saharan Africa (1)
- sub-tomogram averaging (1)
- subsistence agriculture (1)
- substrate channeling (1)
- substrate-binding site (1)
- subzelluläre Fraktionierung (1)
- sugar transport (1)
- sugar uptake (1)
- sun exposure (1)
- supralinear potentiation (1)
- suricates (1)
- surround suppression (1)
- survival (1)
- survival rate (1)
- sustainability (1)
- sustainable development (1)
- sustainable development goals (SDGs) (1)
- swarming (1)
- symbiont association patterns (1)
- symbiosis (1)
- symbiotic nitrogen fixation (1)
- synaptic scaling (1)
- synaptic signaling (1)
- systems knowledge (1)
- szentiamide (1)
- t-cluster (1)
- t-invariant (1)
- tRNA (1)
- tRNA Gene (1)
- tRNA nucleotidyltransferase (1)
- tRackIT (1)
- tafazzin (1)
- taphonom (1)
- target knowledge (1)
- targeted therapy (1)
- targeting signal (1)
- tauopathies (1)
- taxon sampling (1)
- teaching tool (1)
- technology acceptance model (TAM) (1)
- temperate forest (1)
- template bias (1)
- template matching (1)
- temsirolimus (1)
- teratoma (1)
- termite biology (1)
- termite mounds (1)
- termitières (1)
- terpene synthases (1)
- terrestrial mammal (1)
- terrestrial vertebrates (1)
- tetR (1)
- text mining (1)
- the Weddell Sea (1)
- thermal-melanism hypothesis (1)
- thermoadaptation (1)
- thermometers (1)
- thermophile (1)
- thermophiles (1)
- therophytes (1)
- theta oscillations (1)
- thiolation domain (1)
- threatened cliff plant species (1)
- threats (1)
- thylakoid (1)
- thylakoid kinases (1)
- thylakoid membrane biogenesis (1)
- thérophytes (1)
- tight junctions (1)
- timber (1)
- time-processing (1)
- tinnitus (1)
- tissue specificity (1)
- topology (1)
- total synthesis (1)
- toxicity (1)
- trait evolution (1)
- traits (1)
- trans/cis ratio (1)
- transactivation (1)
- transcription factor (1)
- transcriptome analysis (1)
- transcriptomic (1)
- transcriptomics (1)
- transformation knowledge (1)
- transglutaminase 2 (1)
- transient regulation (1)
- transition invariant (1)
- translation (1)
- translation initiation (1)
- translocation (1)
- transmembran (1)
- transplant experiment (1)
- transport (1)
- transposable elements (1)
- tree crops (1)
- tree moss (1)
- trehalose (1)
- triacylglycerides (1)
- trimeric autotransporter adhesin (1)
- trisporic acids (1)
- tritrophic interaction (1)
- trnL-Intron (1)
- trnL-trnF & trnT-trnL Intergenischer Spacer (1)
- trophic interactions (1)
- tropical Africa (1)
- tropics (1)
- trypan blue (1)
- tsetse fly (1)
- tumor cell proliferation (1)
- tumor immunology (1)
- tumor microenviroment (1)
- tumor model (1)
- twilight zone (1)
- two factor model of environmental values model (1)
- type I interferon (1)
- type IV pili (1)
- type IV pilus (1)
- type species (1)
- ultra-performance liquid chromatography (1)
- universal (1)
- unselected segregation (1)
- unterrichtliche Vor- und Nachbereitung (1)
- usage (1)
- user and staff training (1)
- user/staff/instrument ratio (1)
- utilisations (1)
- valeurs indicatrices (1)
- valproic acid (1)
- value-added chemicals (1)
- variance partitioning (1)
- vascular integrity (1)
- vascular remodeling (1)
- vaults (1)
- vector (1)
- vegetation (1)
- vegetation cover (1)
- vegetation height (1)
- vegetation history (1)
- vegetation pattern (1)
- venomous snakes (1)
- verwilderte Hauskatzen (1)
- vesicle transport (1)
- video action classification (1)
- violacein (1)
- virtuelles Mikroskop (1)
- virtuelles Screening (1)
- viruses (1)
- vocalization production; (1)
- volatile (1)
- volatiles (1)
- voltage block (1)
- vulnerable marine ecosystems (1)
- water contact angles (1)
- water security (1)
- web based training (1)
- white truffle (1)
- whole-cell catalysis (1)
- wildlife exposure (1)
- wine (1)
- wing geometric morphometrics (1)
- wood-inhabiting fungi (1)
- woody vegetation (1)
- wwtr1 (1)
- xenology (1)
- xylose (1)
- yap1 (1)
- zinc finger (1)
- zinc finger protein (1)
- zisternale Organelle (1)
- zoo (1)
- zoogeography (1)
- zoological collections (1)
- Ähnlichkeit (1)
- Ökologie (1)
- Ökosystemingenieure (1)
- Übertragbarkeit (1)
- ökologische Genetik (1)
- α-synuclein (1)
- β-Barrel Proteins (1)
- β-oxidation (1)
- ζ-Carotene (1)
- ‘Fixed direction’ responses (1)
Institute
- Biowissenschaften (2111) (remove)
Clean water is fundamental to human health and ecosystem integrity. However, water quality deteriorates due to novel anthropogenic pollutants present at microgram per liter concentrations in urban water cycles (termed micropollutants). Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) have been identified as major point sources for aquatic (micro-)pollutants. Chemical and ecotoxicological analyses have shown that conventional biological WWTPs do not fully remove micropollutants and associated toxicities, which is often because of mobile, polar and/or recalcitrant compounds and transformation products (TPs). To minimize possible environmental risks, advanced wastewater treatment (AWWT) technologies could be a promising mitigation measure. Multiple processes are therefore being developed and evaluated such as ozonation and ozonation followed by granulated activated carbon (GAC) or biological filtration. Assessing the performance of these combined AWWTs was the focus the TransRisk project. Within this project, this thesis accomplished four major goals.
Firstly, the preparation of (waste)water samples was optimised for in vitro bioassays. Acidification, filtration and solid phase extraction (SPE) were tested for their impact on environmentally relevant in vitro endocrine activities, mutagenicity, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Significantly different outcomes of these assays were detected comparing neutral and acidified samples. Sample filtration had a lesser impact, but in some cases retention of particle-bound compounds could have caused significant toxicity losses. Out of three SPE sorbents the Telos C18/ENV at sample pH 2.5 extracted highest toxicity, some undetected in aqueous samples. These results indicate that sample preparation needs to be optimised for specific sample matrices and bioassays to avoid false-positive or -negative detects in effect-based analyses.
Secondly, the above listed in vitro toxicities were monitored in a protected region for drinking water production in South-West Germany (2012-2015). Out of 30 sampling sites surface water and groundwater were the least polluted. Nonetheless, a few groundwater samples induced high anti-estrogenic activity that prompted further monitoring. The latter included a waterworks in which no toxicity was detected. Hospital wastewater also had elevated in vitro toxicities and hospitals are, thus, relevant intervention points for source control. The biological WWTPs were effective in removing most of the detected toxicity, and the selected bioassays proved to be pertinent tools for water quality assessment and prioritisation of pollution hotspots.
Thirdly, the in vivo bioassay ISO10872 based on Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was adapted for this thesis. Using this model, a median effect concentration (EC50) for reproductive toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon β-naphthoflavone (β- NF) of 114 µg/L was computed which is slightly lower than reported in the scientific literature. β-NF induced cyp-35A3::GFP (a biomarker in transgenic animals) in a time and concentration dependent manner (≤ 21.3–24 fold above controls). β-NF spiked wastewater samples supported earlier hypotheses on particle-bound pollutants. Reproductive toxicity (96 h) and cyp-35A3 induction (24 h) of biologically treated and/or ozonated wastewater extracts and growth promoting effects of GAC/biologically filtered ozonated wastewater extracts were observed. This suggested the presence of residual bioactive/toxic chemicals not included in the targeted chemical analysis. It also highlighted the importance of integrating multiple (apical and molecular) endpoints in wastewater assessments.
Fourthly, five in vitro and the adapted C. elegans bioassay were integrated into a wastewater quality evaluation (developed within TransRisk). Out of the five AWWT options, ozonation (at 1 g O3,applied/g DOC, HRT ~ 18 min) combined with nonaerated GAC filtration was rated most effective for toxicity removal. All five AWWTs largely removed estrogenic and (anti-)androgenic activities, but not anti-estrogenic activity and mutagenicity, which even increased during ozonation. This has been observed in related studies and points towards toxic TPs. These results also emphasized the need for implementing an effective post-treatment for ozonation. The results from a parallel in vivo study with Lumbriculus variegatus and Potamopyrgus antipodarum conducted on site at the WWTP (using flow through systems) were in accordance with the C. elegans results. In this context, it is suggested to further implement C. elegans as sensitive, feasible and ecologically relevant model.
In conclusion, this thesis shows how optimised sample preparation, long-term (in vitro) environmental monitoring, sensitive and ecologically relevant (in vivo) bioassays as well as innovative evaluation concepts, are pivotal in improving the removal of micropollutants and their toxicities with AWWTs. Future research should further develop and evaluate measures at sewer systems, conventional biological, tertiary and other advanced treatment technologies, as well as sociopolitical strategies (e.g., source control or natural conservation) and restoration projects. The effect-based tools optimised in this thesis will support assessing their success.
Bacterial biosynthetic assembly lines, such as non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) and polyketide synthases, are often subject of synthetic biology – because they produce a variety of natural products invaluable for modern pharmacotherapy. Acquiring the ability to engineer these biosynthetic assembly lines allows the production of artificial non-ribosomal peptides (NRP), polyketides, and hybrids thereof with new or improved properties. However, traditional bioengineering approaches have suffered for decades from their very limited applicability and, unlike combinatorial chemistry, are stigmatized as inefficient because they cannot be linked to the high-throughput screening platforms of the pharmaceutical industry. Although combinatorial chemistry can generate new molecules cheaper, faster, and in greater numbers than traditional natural product discovery and bioengineering approaches, it does not meet current medical needs because it covers only a limited biologically relevant chemical space. Hence, methods for high-throughput generation of new natural product-like compound libraries could provide a new avenue towards the identification of new lead compounds. To this end, prior to this work, we introduced an artificial synthetic NRPS type, referred to as type S NRPS, to provide a first-of-its-kind bicombinatorial approach to parallelized high-throughput NRP library generation. However, a bottleneck of these first two generations of type S NRPS was a significant drop in production yields. To address this issue, we applied an iterative optimization process that enabled titer increases of up to 55-fold compared to the non-optimized equivalents, restoring them to wild-type levels and beyond.
Rationale: The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is stimulated by hypoxia, and although the AMPKα1 catalytic subunit has been implicated in angiogenesis, little is known about the role played by the AMPKα2 subunit in vascular repair.
Objective: To determine the role of the AMPKα2 subunit in vascular repair.
Methods and Results: Recovery of blood flow after femoral artery ligation was impaired (>80%) in AMPKα2-/- versus wild-type mice, a phenotype reproduced in mice lacking AMPKα2 in myeloid cells (AMPKα2ΔMC). Three days after ligation, neutrophil infiltration into ischemic limbs of AMPKα2ΔMC mice was lower than that in wild-type mice despite being higher after 24 hours. Neutrophil survival in ischemic tissue is required to attract monocytes that contribute to the angiogenic response. Indeed, apoptosis was increased in hypoxic neutrophils from AMPKα2ΔMC mice, fewer monocytes were recruited, and gene array analysis revealed attenuated expression of proangiogenic proteins in ischemic AMPKα2ΔMC hindlimbs. Many angiogenic growth factors are regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α induction was attenuated in AMPKα2-deficient cells and accompanied by its enhanced hydroxylation. Also, fewer proteins were regulated by hypoxia in neutrophils from AMPKα2ΔMC mice. Mechanistically, isocitrate dehydrogenase expression and the production of α-ketoglutarate, which negatively regulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1α stability, were attenuated in neutrophils from wild-type mice but remained elevated in cells from AMPKα2ΔMC mice.
Conclusions: AMPKα2 regulates α-ketoglutarate generation, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α stability, and neutrophil survival, which in turn determine further myeloid cell recruitment and repair potential. The activation of AMPKα2 in neutrophils is a decisive event in the initiation of vascular repair after ischemia.
Neuronale Repräsentation intrinsischer cochleärer Signale im Colliculus inferior der Wüstenrennmaus
(2008)
Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die neuronale Repräsentation von cochleären Verzerrungsprodukten im auditorischen Mittelhirn der Wüstenrennmaus. Die hohe Sensitivität und die gute Frequenzauflösung des Hörorgans der Säugetiere basiert auf einer aktiven mechanischen Verstärkung der schallinduzierten Basilarmembranschwingung im Innenohr. Die äußeren Haarsinneszellen, die während des Transduktionsprozesses zyklisch ihre Länge ändern und dabei zusätzliche Schwingungsenergie in das System zurückführen, sind der zugrunde liegende Motor des aktiven cochleären Verstärkers. Die stark nichtlinearen Eigenschaften dieses Verstärkers führen allerdings bei gleichzeitiger Verstärkung mehrerer Frequenzkomponenten zur Generierung von Kombinationsschwingungen, welche im Ursprungssignal nicht vorhanden sind. Wird das Ohr beispielsweise durch zwei Töne mit den Frequenzen f1 und f2 stimuliert (f1<f2), so entstehen verschiedene Kombinationsschwingungen, deren prominenteste das quadratische (f2-f1) und das cubische (2 f1-f2) Verzerrungsprodukt sind. Diese Verzerrungen des Ursprungssignals breiten sich von ihrem Entstehungsort im Innenohr, dem Überlappungsbereich der Stimuluswanderwellen, im Flüssigkeitsraum der Cochlea aus und werden über das Mittelohr in den Gehörgang übertragen. Im Gehörgang sind sie mit Hilfe eines sensitiven Mikrophons als otoakustische Emissionen (DPOAE - distortion product otoacoustic emissions) messbar. Zusätzlich bilden sie an ihrem Resonanzort auf der Basilarmembran, vergleichbar mit einem externen Stimuluston gleicher Frequenz, eine eigene Wanderwelle aus und aktivieren den Transduktionsprozess. Die neuronalen Korrelate der cochleären Verzerrungsprodukte sind auf verschiedenen Stationen der Hörbahn messbar und cochleäre Verzerrungsprodukte können als separate Töne wahrgenommen werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die neuronalen Korrelate und otoakustischen Emissionen von cochleären Verzerrungsprodukten erstmals simultan bestimmt. Durch den direkten Vergleich der neuronalen Aktivität mit der peripheren Emissionsmessung sollen eventuelle zentralnervöse Veränderungen der Repräsentation der cochleären Verzerrungsprodukte untersucht werden. Dazu wurde die elektrische Aktivität von 91 Neuronen des Colliculus inferior der Wüstenrennmaus während der Stimulation durch zwei hochfrequente Stimulustöne gemessen. Die Frequenzen der Stimulustöne waren so gewählt, dass die Frequenz eines, durch sie evozierten Verzerrungsproduktes, mit der charakteristischen Frequenz des jeweiligen Neurons übereinstimmte. In 95 % aller Messungen konnte eine robuste neuronale Aktivität während Zweitonstimulation gemessen werden, die sich auf die Stimulation durch ein spezifisches cochleäres Verzerrungsprodukt zurückführen lässt. Bei einem Teil der Versuche wurden die Verzerrungsprodukte durch direkte intracochleäre Auslöschung mit einem dritten Tonstimulus eindeutig als Quelle der neuronalen Aktivität bestätigt. Für Verzerrungsproduktfrequenzen oberhalb 1,3 kHz lassen sich die Antworten der Neurone im schwellennahen Bereich gut mit den simultan im Gehörgang bestimmten DPOAE-Pegeln erklären, was einen engen Zusammenhang zwischen intracochleärem Verzerrungsproduktpegel und DPOAE-Pegel nahe legt. Bei höheren Stimuluspegeln konnten die maximalen neuronalen Antworten auf den intracochleären Verzerrungsproduktstimulus signifikant von der Einzeltonantwort abweichen, wobei sowohl eine Erhöhung als auch eine Reduktion der Maximalantwort möglich war. Ein inhibitorischer bzw. verstärkender Einfluss der Stimulustöne auf die neuronale Verzerrungsproduktantwort wird als mögliche Ursache der Unterschiede diskutiert. Für Verzerrungsproduktfrequenzen unterhalb 1,3 kHz wurde ein deutlicher Unterschied zwischen dem intracochleären Verzerrungsproduktpegel und dem im Gehörgang gemessenen Emissionspegel deutlich. Ein Teil der getesteten tieffrequenten Neurone antwortete während Zweitonstimulation bereits für Stimuluspegel, die unterhalb der Reintonschwelle des Neurons lagen. Eine frequenzspezifische Verschlechterung der Mittelohrübertragungsleistung bei tiefen Frequenzen wird als mögliche Ursache für die unterschwelligen Antworten der Neurone diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit zeigen, dass cochleäre Verzerrungsprodukte einen substanziellen Anteil an der neuronalen Repräsentation von komplexen Stimuli haben können. Im Besonderen machen die vorgestellten Daten deutlich, dass die neuronalen Repräsentation der Grundfrequenz eines komplexen Klangs wesentlich von cochleären Verzerrungsprodukten beeinflusst sein kann. Dies bedeutet, dass bereits im Innenohr Tonhöheninformation extrahiert werden kann und damit die Relevanz in der Literatur diskutierter neuronaler Mechanismen zur Berechnung von Tonhöhe relativiert wird.
In the published article, there was an error regarding the affiliation for Diana Abondano Almeida. As well as having affiliation 2, they should also have Department of Wildlife-/Zoo-Animal-Biology and Systematics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, Germany.
The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
Rhythmic changes in environmental lighting conditions have ever been the most reliable environmental cue for life on earth. Nature has therefore selected a genetically encrypted endogenous clock very early in evolution, as it provided cells and subsequently organisms with the ability to anticipate persevering periods of light and darkness. Rhythm generation within the mammalian circadian system is achieved by clock genes and their protein products. The mammalian endogenous master clock, which synchronizes the body to environmental time, is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. As an integral part of the time-coding system, the pineal gland serves the need to tune the body to the temporal environment by the rhythmic nocturnal synthesis and immediate release of the hormone melatonin. In contrast to the transcriptional regulation of melatonin synthesis in rodents, a post-translational shaping is indicated in the human pineal gland. Another important mediator of circadian time and seasonality to the body is the pituitary gland. The aim of this work was to elucidate regulation of melatonin synthesis in the human pineal gland. Furthermore, presence and regulation of clock genes in the human pineal and pituitary gland, and in the SCN were analyzed. Therefore, human tissue, taken from regular autopsies, was analyzed simultaneously for different parameters involved in melatonin biosynthesis and circadian rhythm generation. Presented data demonstrate that post-mortem brain tissue can be used to detect the remnant profile of pre-mortem adaptive changes in neuronal activity. In particular, our results give strong experimental support for the idea that transcriptional mechanisms are not dominant for the generation of rhythmic melatonin synthesis in the human pineal gland. Together with data obtained for clock genes and their protein products in the pituitary, data presented here offer 1) a new working hypothesis for post-translational regulation of melatonin biosynthesis in the human pineal gland, and 2) a novel twist in the molecular competence of clock gene proteins, achieved by nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling in neuronal and neuroendocrine human tissue. Furthermore, in this study, oscillations in abundance of clock gene proteins were demonstrated for the first time in the human SCN.
Seed dispersal is a key ecosystem function for plant regeneration, as it involves the movement of seeds away from the parental plants to particular habitats where they can germinate and transition to seedlings and ultimately adult plants. Seed dispersal is shaped by a diversity of abiotic and biotic factors, particularly by associations between plants and climate and between plants and other species. Due to the ongoing loss of biodiversity and changing global conditions, such interactions are prone to change and pose a severe threat to plant regeneration. One way to address this challenge is to study associations between plant traits and abiotic and biotic factors to understand the potential impacts of global change on plant regeneration. Plant communities have long been analyzed through the lens of vegetative traits, mainly ignoring how other traits interact and respond to the environment. For instance, while associations between vegetative traits (e.g., specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content) and climate are well studied, there are few case studies of reproductive traits in relation to trait-environment associations in the context of global change.
Thus, the overarching aim of this dissertation is to explore how trait-environment associations, with a special focus on reproductive traits, can improve our understanding of the effect that global change may have on seed dispersal, and ultimately on plant regeneration. To this end, my research focuses on studying associations between plant traits and abiotic and biotic factors along an elevational gradient in both forests and deforested areas of tropical mountains. This dissertation addresses three principal research objectives.
First, I investigate the extent to which reproductive (seed and fruit traits) and vegetative traits (leaf traits) are related to abiotic and biotic factors for communities of fleshy-fruited plants in the Ecuadorian Andes. I used multivariate analyses to test associations between four (a)biotic factors and seven reproductive traits and five vegetative traits measured on 18 and 33 fleshy fruited plant species respectively. My analyses demonstrate that climate and soil conditions are strongly associated with the distribution of both reproductive and vegetative traits in tropical tree communities. The production of “costly” vs. “cheap” seeds, fruits and leaves, i.e., the production of few rewarding fruits and acquisitive leaves versus the production of many less-rewarding fruits and conservative leaves, is primarily limited by temperature, whereas the size of plant organs is more related to variation in precipitation and soil conditions. My findings suggest that associations between reproductive and vegetative traits and the abiotic environment follow similar principles in tropical tree communities.
Second, I assess how climate and microhabitat conditions affect the prevalence of endozoochorous plant species in the seed rain of tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador. I analyzed seed rain data for an entire year from 162 traps located across an elevational gradient spanning of 2000 m. I documented the microhabitat conditions (leaf area index and soil moisture next to each seed trap) at small spatial scale as well as the climatic conditions (mean annual temperature and rainfall in each plot) at large spatial scale. After a one-year of sampling, I counted 331,838 seeds of 323 species/morphospecies. My analyses demonstrate that the prevalence of endozoochorous plant species in the seed rain increases with temperature across elevations and with leaf area index within elevations. These results show that the prevalence of endozoochory is shaped by the interplay of both abiotic and biotic factors at large and small spatial scales.
Third, I examine the potential of seed rain to restore deforested tropical areas along an elevational gradient in southern Ecuador. For this chapter, I collected seed rain using 324 seed traps installed in 18 1-ha plots in forests (nine forest plots) and in pastures (nine deforested plots) along an elevational gradient of 2000 m. After a sampling period of three months, I collected a total of 123,039 seeds of 255 species/morphospecies from both forests and pastures along the elevational gradient. I did not find a consistent decrease in the amount and richness of seed rain between forests and pastures, but I detected a systematic change in the type of dispersed seeds, as heavier seeds and a higher proportion of endozoochorous species were found in forests compared to pastures at all elevations. This finding suggests that deforestation acts as a strong filter selecting seed traits that are vital for plant regeneration.
Understanding the role that trait-environment associations play in how plant communities regenerate today could serve as a basis for predicting changes in regeneration processes of plant communities under changing global conditions in the near future. Here, I show how informative the measurement of reproductive traits and trait environment associations are in facilitating the conservation of forest habitats and the restoration of deforested areas in the context of global change.
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in root nodules of grain legumes such as chickpea is a highly complex process that drastically affects the gene expression patterns of both the prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic interacting cells. A successfully established symbiotic relationship requires mutual signaling mechanisms and a continuous adaptation of the metabolism of the involved cells to varying environmental conditions. Although some of these processes are well understood today many of the molecular mechanisms underlying SNF, especially in chickpea, remain unclear. Here, we reannotated our previously published transcriptome data generated by deepSuperSAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) to the recently published draft genome of chickpea to assess the root- and nodule-specific transcriptomes of the eukaryotic host cells. The identified gene expression patterns comprise up to 71 significantly differentially expressed genes and the expression of twenty of these was validated by quantitative real-time PCR with the tissues from five independent biological replicates. Many of the differentially expressed transcripts were found to encode proteins implicated in sugar metabolism, antioxidant defense as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses of the host cells, and some of them were already known to contribute to SNF in other legumes. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study represent candidates that can be used for further characterization of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying SNF in chickpea.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde die Rolle des Transkriptionsfaktors Meis2 als Ko-Faktor in der Entwicklung des anterioren Neuralrohrs untersucht. Hierbei gaben funktionelle Untersuchungen durch Fehl- und Überexpressionsstudien mittels in ovo Mikroelektroporation im Hühnchenembryo, Aufschluss über eine besondere Rolle von Meis2 bei der Spezifizierung und Entwicklung des Tectum opticums. Überdies führten bio-chemische Untersuchungen zur Identifizierung neuer, bislang noch nicht beschriebener Interaktionspartner von Meis2 im sich entwickelnden optischen Tektum und in den Anlagen der Augen. Diese Untersuchungen geben einen weiteren Einblick in die Funktionsweise von Meis2 als Ko-Transkriptionsfaktor. Zusammengefasst lieferten die Untersuchungen der vorliegenden Arbeit folgende Erkenntnisse: I) Im Mittelhirn ist Meis2-Expression unter den bislang beschriebenen Regulatoren der Mittelhirnentwicklung einzigartig: es ist von Beginn an nicht dynamisch und kennzeichnet ausschließlich die dorsalen Alarplatten des Mittelhirns, den Bereich des zukünftigen optischen Tektums (Kapitel 3.1). Diese Expression unterliegt einer strikten negativen Regulation durch sezernierte Moleküle und Transkriptionsfaktoren der benachbarten Regionen des Neuralrohrs (Kapitel 3.2). II) Meis2 ist für tektale Entwicklung erforderlich: Die Überexpression des dominant negativ wirkenden Konstruktes Meis2EnR störte die Entwicklung tektumspezifischer Strukturen sowohl in der frühen als auch in der späteren Entwicklung (Kapitel 3.3.1 und 3.3.2). Zudem kam es zur Unterdrückung der tektalen Gene ephrinB1 und Dbx1 (Kapitel 3.3.3 und 3.3.4). III) Meis2 ist für tektale Entwicklung ausreichend: Die Fehlexpression von Meis2 führte zur Induktion und Entwicklung ektopischer tektaler Strukturen im Dienzephalon (Kapitel 3.3.5). Dabei führte Meis2 bereits 24 h nach Fehlexpression zur Transdifferenzierung des dienzephalischen in mesenzephalisches Zellschicksal, veränderte jedoch nicht das Schick-sal des metenzephalischen Gewebes (Kapitel 3.3.7). IV) Bei der Induktion tektaler Strukturen ist Meis2 nicht Bestandteil des regulatorischen Netzwerks des Mittel-Hinterhirn Organisators (MHO), eines sekundären Organisators, welcher die Entwicklung der Mittel-Hinterhirn Region steuert (Kapitel 3.3.8). V) Meis2 bildet jedoch im Mittelhirn in vivo Komplexe mit Otx2, einem Schlüsselmolekül zur Spezifizierung des anterioren Neuralrohrs (Kapitel 3.4.1 - 3.4.3). VI) Meis2 kann in vitro durch Bindung an Otx2 einer Grg4/Tle4-vermittelten Unter-drückung der transkriptionellen Aktivität von Otx2 entgegenwirken (Kapitel 3.4.4). Otx2 kann, wie bereits in Arbeiten anderer Labors beschrieben, kontext-abhängig entweder als transkriptioneller Repressor oder Aktivator wirken. Die in dieser Arbeit dargestellten Ergebnisse zeigen daher einen möglichen molekularen Mechanismus auf, wie durch zeitlich und räumlich kontrollierte Bindung eines Ko-Aktivators an Otx2 dessen transkrip-tionelle Aktivität wieder hergestellt werden kann. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit beschreiben zum ersten Mal einen Transkriptionsfaktor, der unabhängig vom regulatorischen Netzwerk des MHO, die Entwicklung des optischen Tektums induziert. Sie liefern somit ein neuartiges mögliches Modell zur Spezifizierung anteriorer Hirnstrukturen: Die Induktion tektaler Entwicklung erfolgt nach Etablierung der Mittel-Hinterhirn Region durch Meis2, einem tektumspezifischen Ko-Faktor von Otx2. VII) Meis2 bildet, im sich entwickelnden Mittelhirn, auch Komplexe mit den beiden Regulatoren der Tektumentwicklung Pax3 und Pax7 (Kapitel 3.4.5). VIII) Außerdem konnten im Rahmen dieser Arbeit zwei weitere mögliche Interaktions-partner von Meis2 in den Anlagen der Augen identifiziert werden: Pax6, einem „master control gene“ der Augenentwicklung (Kapitel 3.4.6) und das Enzym Parp-1 (Kapitel 3.4.7), einem weit verbreiteten und vielseitigen Regulator der Genexpression. Diese Ergebnisse liefern Hinweise auf weitere wichtige Funktionen des Ko-Transkriptions-faktors Meis2 in der Entwicklung des anterioren Zentralnervensystems.
The development of the atrioventricular (AV) canal and the cardiac valves is tightly linked and a critically regulated process. Anomalies in components of the involved pathways can lead to congenital valve malformations, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Myocardial Bmp as well as endocardial Notch and Wnt signaling have been identified as critical factors for the induction of EMT during the formation of the endocardial cushions and cardiac valves. Of these, canonical Wnt signaling positively regulates endocardial proliferation and EMT but negatively regulates endocardial differentiation. Further, elevated Wnt signaling leads to the ectopic expression of myocardial Bmp ligands suggesting a high level of integration of the involved pathways and crosstalk amongst the different cardiac tissues.
Here we have identified a novel role for Id4 as a mediator between Bmp and Wnt signaling. Id4 belongs to the Id family of proteins and is known to be involved in bone and nervous system development. We found that in zebrafish, id4 is expressed in the endocardium of the AV canal at embryonic stages and throughout the atrial chamber in addition to AV canal, in adults. Using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) we established an id4 mutant allele. Our analysis shows that id4 mutant larvae are susceptible to retrograde blood flow, and show aberrant expression of developmental valvular markers. These include expanded expression domains of markers like bmp4, cspg2a and Alcam. In contrast, valve maturation as assessed by the expression of spp1 is considerably reduced in id4 mutants. Using conditional transgenic systems, along with elegant in vivo imaging of transgenic reporter lines, we further found that id4 is a transcriptional target of Bmp signaling, and it is capable of dose dependently restricting Wnt signaling in the endocardium of the Atrioventricular Canal.
Taken together, our data identifies Id4 as a novel player in Atrioventricular Canal and valve development. We show that Id4 function is important in valve development acting downstream of Bmp signaling by restricting endocardial Wnt to allow valve maturation