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The genus Squamidium, a group of mosses with a tropical to subtropical American-African distribution, consists of two sections and seven species (prior to this study 27 species were recognized): sect. Squamidium (S. leucotrichum, S. livens, S. isocladum, S. nigricans, S. brasiliense) and sect. Macrosquamidium (S. macrocarpum and S. diversicoma). Twenty-four names are treated as syn. nov., three are provisionally excluded pending an examination of their types, and one new combination is made: Orthostichopsis pilotrichelloides (Sehnem) Allen & Crosby. Section Squamidium ist characterized by immersed capsules, stolon leaves with entire margins, and a relatively high basal membrane. Section Macrosquamidium is characterized by exserted capsules, stolon leaves with sharply recurved marginal teeth, and a relatively low basal membrane. The genus is retained in the Meteoriaceae. Within the Meteoriaceae Squamidium, is most closely related to Zelotmeteorium from which it differs only by its lack of squarrose-recurved leaves and its more well-developed alar cells. Squamidium, which in the absence of sporophytes has been confused consistently with Orthostichopsis, is separated from that genus on the basis of its lack of pseudoparaphyllia, weaker costae, lack of a distinct region of reddish cells across the leaf base, and strongly decurrent alar cells.
A detailed study of pion production in inelastic and central nucleus-nucleus collisions was carried out using a 2 m streamer spectrometer. Nuclear targets mounted inside the streamer chamber were exposed to nuclear beams of 4.5 GeV/c/nucleon momentum. A systematic study of the influence of the central trigger on observed data is performed. The data on multiplicities, rapidities, transverse momenta, and emission angles of negative pions are presented for various pairs of colliding nuclei. Intercorrelations between various characteristics are studied and discussed. The results are compared with predictions of some theoretical models. It is shown that the main features of the pion production in nuclear collisions can be satisfactorily described by a model assuming independent nucleon-nucleon collisions with subsequent cascading process. However, the observed correlation between Lambda and pion characteristics seems to be unexplained by this picture.
A recently found fossil from the old Scudder pit (?) appears to be a large female horntail. It shows the ventral aspect. Compared with modern Siricidae, the length of its ovipositor in relation to the body proper suggests modern Xeris spectrum. Unfortunately the venation is incompletely preserved on both wings. In addition to this the forewings and hindwings overlap to some extent on each side. What venation is decipherable is seen in the two sketches. It does not seem to agree with any of the modern genera examined but approaches that of Sirex more closely than any other. Both antennae are faintly indicated. They are stout, many-segmented and in keeping with those of Siricidae. Both hind legs are preserved faintly almost throughout their length. They are stout, and the individual segments are clearly defined.
The recently increased importance of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus Linnaeus) as a crop has brought with it an increased interest in the sunflower maggot, a long-recognized common name for Strauzia longipennis (Wiedemann). The larva of this species bores downward in the stem and feeds upon the pith of sunflowers. Until recently the genus Strauzia was considered to include only the type-species S. longipennis, with 7 varieties (Foote, 1965). It is now known that some of these varieties should be classed as distinct species, differing morphologically and biologically.
Descriptions of species in the genus Sclerosococcus are primarily based on the female morphology (McKenzie 1958, Lambdin 1980). The lack of descriptions for males is attributed to their brief seasonal appearances (lasting only a few hours) and their small size that makes collection of adult specimens difficult. As a result, adequate descriptions for only a few males of Asterolecaniidae are available for comparisons. Of those species where males are known, most descriptions are of the tests or general morphological aspects (Russell, 1941). The most comprehensive descriptions for adult males in the family were provided for Asterolecanium proteae (Giliomee 1968) and for two species of Grammococcus (Miller and Lamdin 1978). The genus Sclerosococcus contains 4 species known from the Neotropical Region where they feed on bromelid hosts. Until now, no reference was made as to the existence of males of the species. My objective was to provide a description of the adult male of this rare species to better define the taxa. Measurements and illustration were made by microscopic examination of the allotype male. Terminology used to describe the external morphology, with few exceptions, was adapted from Theron (1958). All measurements are presented in micrometers.
GLYPHICNEMIS Foerster is a small Holarctic genus in the subtribe Endaseina of the Gelini. Nearctic species were placed in PHYGADEUON Gravenhorst until Townes (1944) placed them in the subgenus GLYPHICNEMIS within ENDASYS Foerster. However, earlier Cushman (1925) had transferred PHYGADEUON CRASSIPES Provancher, a junior synonym of G. MANDIBULARIS (Cresson), to GLYPHICNEMIS, and the Palearctic species, at first placed in PHYGADEUON, were included by Habermehl (1916) i n GLYPHICNEMIS, reduced t o a subgenus within STYLOCRYPTUS Thomson (1873). This status was continued until Townes (1970) listed and described GLYPHICNEMIS as a seperate genus.
A number of years ago we received a large lot of material collected by Robert G. and Clo M. Wind during their 1939-1940 expedition to the “East Indies” and published on the Danaidae and Satyridae of that trip (L. and J. Miller, 1978). One of the insects that the Winds considered to be of special significance was a male of a thecline that Bob Wind had intended to describe for his then wife. Both Bob and Clo asked us to describe the butterfly, but before we had an opportunity to describe the insect both Bob and Clo died. We now dedicate the description of this magnificent insect to their memories.
This paper is a catalog of the Ephemeroptera known from the British Crown Colony of Hong Kong. It includes all known references for each species, along with an indication of the type localities and depositions of type specimens. For each reference the stage (male, female, or nymph) is indicated if relevant. Keys which include the species also are indicated. The recorded distribution for each species is listed. For each genus are given the reference to the original description, information on the type species, and any synonyms. Abbreviations of places of type deposition are as follows: (BMNH), British Museum (Natural History), London; (Cornell), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; (DEI), Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalde; (Hamburg), Zoologisches Staatsinstitut und Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg; (Hsu), personal collection of Y.-C. Hsu [the late Prof. Hsu indicated (personal communication) that because of events in China over the past few decades these specimens should be considered destroyed or lost]; (Utah), University of Utah, Salt Lake City. Although the taxonomic knowledge of the Hong Kong mayflies is still somewhat sketchy, there are substantial ecological studies ongoing at this time. Therefore, in order to facilitate future studies and comparisons of data, I have included in this catalog the "morphospecies" of Dudgeon (1982a, b, 1983, 1984a, b). The reader should be aware that many of the taxonomic assignments of these morphospecies are preliminary and actual placement will have to await future taxonomic studies. This paper is one in a continuing series of catalogs of the Ephemeroptera (cf. Hubbard & Peters 1978, Hubbard & Pescador 1978, Hubbard & Savage 1981, Hubbard 1982a,b).
Presently, only a single species of the genus Diplocentrus is known from northeastern Mexico, D. whitei (Gervais) (Hoffman 1931 ). This species is dark brown to black and is quite large, with adults 65-75 mm long. Recent collecting in the mountains near Monterrey and El Potosi, Nuevo Leon, Mexico has revealed the presence of a much smaller, more lightly-colored species. The description of this new species is the subject of the present paper. Nomenclature and mensuration essentially follows that of Stahnke (1970), with the following exceptions: carinal terminology and cheliceral measurements are after Francke (1975, 1977) and trichobothrial terminology is after Vachon (1974). All measurements were taken with an American Optical Model 569 dissecting microscope equipped with an ocular micrometer calibrated at 10x.