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A saga dos Chingunji
(2009)
Na verdade, é possível estabelecer um paralelo entre os Kennedy e os Chingunji. Isso poderia ser útil para se encontrar alguns pontos em comum sobre as fontes de uma saga. As sagas acontecem, por norma, em famílias numerosas, inteligentes, dinâmicas, empreendedoras, com um grande protagonismo social e político, que agem em função do projecto familiar de um patriarca. Diz-nos Klein que, para o caso dos Kennedy, a saga abateu-se sobre esta família pelo facto de Patrick Kennedy, um irlandês, que emigrou para os Estados Unidos da América, em 1858, ter deixado um legado de humilhação que estimulou a “imprudência e o comportamento arriscado dos seus descendentes”. Patrick Kennedy morreu aos 35 anos de tuberculose. Talvez não seja o caso do patriarca dos Chingunji, Eduardo Jonatão Chingunji. No entanto, não resta dúvida alguma de que o legado por ele deixado – meter-se na vida política – tenha, sob o efeito de bola de neve, levado todos os seus descendentes para o caminho dramático que se conhece.
The article studies civil wars and trust dynamics from two perspectives. It looks, first, at rebel governance during ongoing armed conflict and, second, at mass mobilisation against the regime in post-conflict societies. Both contexts are marked by extraordinarily high degrees of uncertainty given continued, or collective memory of, violence and repression.
But what happens to trust relations under conditions of extreme uncertainty? Intuitively, one would assume that trust is shaken or even substantially eroded in such moments, as political and social orders are questioned on a fundamental level and threaten to collapse. However, while it is true that some forms of trust are under assault in situations of civil war and mass protests, we find empirical evidence which suggests that these situations also give rise to the formation of other kinds of trust. We argue that, in order to detect and explain these trust dynamics in contexts of extreme uncertainty, there should be more systematic studies of: (a) synchronous dynamics between different actors and institutions which imply trust dynamics happening simultaneously, (b) diachronous dynamics and the sequencing of trust dynamics over several phases of violent conflict or episodes of contention, as well as long-term structural legacies of the past. In both dimensions, microlevel relations, as well as their embeddedness in larger structures, help explain how episodes of (non-)violent contention become a critical juncture for political and social trust.