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Über erste Erfahrungen mit dem Immunoassaysystem Access® wird berichtet. Die Impräzision von Tag zu Tag lag unter Verwendung von kommerziellem Kontrollmaterial meist unter 5%, betrug aber vereinzelt bis zu 8,6%. Die Richtigkeit bezugnehmend der Sollwerte von Richtigkeitskontrollseren zeigte eine gute Vergleichbarkeit. Ein Methodenvergleich an Patientenproben mit anderen kommerziellen Immunoassaysystemen wurde ebenfalls durchgeführt. Die Korrelationskoeffizienten für alle Methoden liegen zwischen 0.92 und 0.99. Es gibt jedoch Unterschiede in der Steigung und dem Intercept, die aber toleriert werden können. Unsere ersten Erfahrungen zeigen, daß mit dem Access® Immunoassaysystem hinsichtlich Impräzision und Richtigkeit eine Zuverlässigkeit erreicht wird, die anderen Immunoassaysystemen vergleichbar ist.
Der vorliegende Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, welche Methoden genutzt werden können, um eine Evaluierung von Services und Angeboten von Fachinformationsdiensten nutzer*innenzentriert und interaktiv umzusetzen. Als Beispiel dient der Fachinformationsdienst Darstellende Kunst, bereitgestellt von der Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg in Frankfurt am Main. Drei unterschiedliche Methoden werden in diesem Zusammenhang näher vorgestellt und ihre Anwendbarkeit für die Evaluierung von FID-Portalen oder vergleichbaren Rechercheportalen reflektiert: Leitfaden-Interviews mit Think-Aloud-Elementen, virtuelle Fokusgruppen sowie ein digitaler Card-Sorting-Ansatz.
WaterGAP (Water - Global Assessment and Prognosis) is a tool for modeling global water use and water availability. It participates among other models in the ISIMIP initiative (The Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project). As part of this initiative, the water temperature should be calculated by participating hydrological models because it plays a vital role in many chemical, physical and biological processes. Therefore, the subject of this master thesis is to implement the physically based surface water temperature computation after VAN BEEK ET AL. (2012) and WANDERS ET AL. (2019) into WaterGAP and compare the results to the statistical regression approach by PUNZET ET AL. (2012). The computation is validated with observed water temperature data obtained from the GEMStat water quality database. The results are good for arctic and temperate latitudes. Surface water temperatures for tropical rivers are overestimated, most likely due to the overestimation of precipitation temperatures, incoming radiation and groundwater temperatures. The comparison with the regression model by PUNZET ET AL. (2012) shows matching results. The regression model even matches with WaterGAP results for most of the simulations of the future under climate change conditions, where the regression model should stop working due to changing environmental parameters. Several assumptions had to be made in order to implement the water temperature calculation in Water-GAP. These include, e.g., discharge temperatures for power plant cooling water, precipitation and surface runoff temperatures. For model improvements, perhaps three different values for the different regions of the world should be used to cool down the precipitation and surface runoff. The model could also be improved by refining the ice formation calculation, especially for the conditions when the ice melts, breaks up and is transported downstream. Furthermore, the feedback to the river channel roughness could be implemented if ice has formed. The WaterGAP model upgraded with the water temperature calculation will help the ISIMIP initiative in the future.
School psychologists are asked to systematically evaluate the effects of their work to ensure quality standards. Given the different types of methods applied to different users of school psychology measuring the effects of school psychological services is a complex task. Thus, the focus of our scoping review was to systematically investigate the state of past research on the measurement of the effects of school psychological services published between 1998 and 2018 in eight major school psychological journals. Of the 5,048 peer-reviewed articles published within this period, 623 were coded by two independent raters as explicitly refering to school psychology or counseling in the school context in their titles or abstracts. However, only 22 included definitions of effects of school psychological services or described outcomes used to evaluate school psychological services based on full text screening. These findings revealed that measurement of the effects of school psychological services has not been a focus of research despite its' relevance in guidelines of school psychological practice.
In der vorliegenden Evaluationsstudie wurde die Wirkung der Lehre des universitären Lehrprojektes ‚Expertise und Kooperation für eine Basisqualifikation Inklusion‘ (EKBI) auf inklusionsbezogene Einstellungen, Haltungen und Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen untersucht. Diese Lehre schloss jeweils Lehrtandems aus mindestens zwei Dozierenden sowie interdisziplinäre Kooperationen ein. Die Teilnehmenden der Kurse (Experimentalgruppe, n = 101) sowie Studierende, die nicht daran teilgenommen hatten (Kontrollgruppe, n = 54), wurden vor und nach dem Semester, in dem die Lehre stattfand, mittels Fragebogen untersucht. Bei der Entwicklung allgemeinerer Einstellungen, Haltungen und Bedenken konnte kein signifikanter Effekt der Zeit in Abhängigkeit von der Gruppe verzeichnet werden. Es zeigte sich aber, dass sowohl die spezifischen unterrichtsbezogenen Einstellungen als auch die subjektiv eingeschätzte Lehrer*innenwirksamkeit in Bezug auf Inklusion in der Experimentalgruppe stärker anstiegen als in der Kontrollgruppe. Es ist zu schlussfolgern, dass die Tandemlehre mindestens kurzfristig wirksam in Bezug auf eine proinklusive Entwicklung ist. Zukünftige Studien könnten die Nachhaltigkeit der Effekte sowie ihren Praxistransfer untersuchen.
Background: Little is known about evaluation practices as well as performance-oriented allocation of resources according to teaching quality at German medical schools. For this reason, the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany and the German Association of Medical Faculties aimed to analyse current practices at German medical schools.
Methods: Data were collected by a questionnaire which was sent to all medical schools in Germany.
Results: 30 medical schools with 33 undergraduate medical programs participated in the survey (response rate: 83%). The evaluation tools used at these schools mainly assessed structural and procedural aspects of teaching and were designed to obtain overall student ratings of teaching quality. Evaluation tools were quite heterogeneous across the sample, and some uncertainty remained with regard to the psychometric properties of these tools and whether they meet international quality standards. Various algorithms underlying resource allocation for teaching are being used, but most focus on quantity rather than quality of teaching.
Conclusion: A nationwide agreement on a generalizable definition of high-quality teaching is desirable. At the same time, reliable and valid tools measuring teaching quality need to be identified and/or created. This could be accomplished through a wider collaboration of medical schools and could represent an advancement for the allocation of resources for high-quality teaching.
Im Jahr 1993 wurde auf ehemaligen Ackerflächen in der Umgebung des Naturschutzgebiets „Garchinger Heide“ mit der Neuanlage von Kalkmagerrasen begonnen. In den Jahren 2001 bis 2004 wurde der Einfluss verschiedener Renaturierungsmaßnahmen (Bodenabtrag, Mähgutübertragung) auf die Vegetation untersucht und ein Vergleich mit Referenzflächen im Naturschutzgebiet durchgeführt. Trotz hoher P- und K-Gehalte der Böden ist der Phytomasseertrag auf Renaturierungsflächen ohne Bodenabtrag so niedrig, dass die Flächen als Magerrasen bezeichnet werden können. Sowohl die Gesamtartenzahl der Phanerogamen als auch die Anzahl der Magerrasenarten (überwiegend Festuco-Brometea-Arten) als Zielarten der Renaturierung sind auf Flächen mit Mähgut noch deutlich höher als auf Flächen ohne Mähgut, auf denen Molinio-Arrhenatheretea-Arten und Ruderalarten dominieren. Die γ-Diversität der Phanerogamen ist in den nie umgebrochenen Magerrasen der Garchinger Heide zwar niedriger, die Anzahl der Magerrasenarten aber höher als auf den Renaturierungsflächen ohne Bodenabtrag. Hinsichtlich der α-Diversität der Phanerogamen, die auf 0,01 m2 bis 100 m2 großen Aufnahmeflächen untersucht wurde, zeigen sich kaum signifikante Unterschiede zwischen ursprünglichen und neu angelegten Magerrasen. Die Anzahl der Magerrasenarten ist jedoch auf den meisten der untersuchten Maßstabsebenen auf den Renaturierungsflächen niedriger als im Naturschutzgebiet. Bei den Kryptogamen ist bei gleicher γ-Diversität sowohl die α-Diversität als auch die Anzahl der Magerrasenarten in den ursprünglichen Magerrasen höher als in den neu angelegten.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Ermittlung von Artenzahlen ohne Angaben zur Artenzusammensetzung oder zur Anwesenheit von Zielarten nicht ausreicht, um den Erfolg von Naturschutz- und Renaturierungsmaßnahmen zu beurteilen. Die Magerrasenarten als Zielarten der Renaturierung sind dagegen gut als Indikatorartengruppe im Rahmen von Erfolgskontrollen geeignet.
Reintroductions of plant species are increasingly popular in conservation practice. Steppe grasslands contain many rare and endangered plant species that are potential objects for such reintroductions. Most reintroduction projects, however, can only target a restricted number of species, which raises the question of how species should be prioritised. Here, we present a method to select priority species for reintroduction based on species' characteristics that are widely used in conservation practice. We first determined the local species pool containing those vascular plant species that occurred both in our target region (Thuringia, Germany) and target habitat (steppe grasslands), yielding 369 species. With the help of an a priori filter that selected currently endangered species with limited distribution, 136 potential target species were determined. These potential target species had experienced stronger decline, had a narrower phytosociological amplitude and were more likely to be species of the Festuco-Brometea class and the Festucetalia valesiacae order than non-target species. Potential target species were then ranked by a points system based on ten conservation-relevant characteristics of the species from the categories "threat and protection status", "distribution and decline", and "habitat affiliation". In the ranking, six steppe grassland plant species (Astragalus exscapus, Bothriochloa ischaemum, Prunella laciniata, Pulsatilla pratensis subsp. nigricans, Scorzonera purpurea, and Seseli hippomarathrum) achieved the highest scores. An additional seven species not specifically characteristic for steppe grasslands also scored highly. A post hoc evaluation of these 13 highest scoring species based on additional conservation criteria left five species (Astragalus exscapus, Linum leonii, Orchis morio, Pulsatilla pratensis subsp. nigricans and Scorzonera purpurea) as species with highest priority for reintroductions and another five species as highly suitable for reintroductions. Associations between the ranking order and different ranking criteria revealed that a species’ threat and rarity in Thuringia and its protection status had the highest representation in the ranking, followed by threat in Germany, regional decline and habitat affiliation. In contrast, international threat and responsibility of Thuringia for its conservation had only low representation in the ranking, probably because these characteristics applied to only a few species. The ranking list gives a selection of species for reintroductions, which combined with additional information based on comprehensive local and floristic knowledge, allows the identification of the species with the highest priority. Our method can be transferred to other regions or habitat types.
Communicating research with the public : evaluation of an invasive earthworm education program
(2013)
Ecologists are increasingly encouraged by funding agencies and professional societies to communicate their research with the public. However, most receive relatively little training in how to do this effectively. Furthermore, evaluation of whether such an investment by ecologists actually achieves conservation objectives is rare. We created an education program, involving print, television, radio, and internet media, to increase awareness about earthworm invasions and to discourage anglers from dumping earthworm bait. Using pre- and post-surveys, we evaluated our program’s success in reaching its target audience and in changing knowledge and behavior. Few participants (4.1%) recalled seeing the program material and knowledge of the fact that earthworms are non-native in Alberta remained low (15.8% before, 15.1% after). Further, after being told about the negative effects of earthworms in forests, 46.7% of the anglers surveyed stated they would not change their bait disposal behavior in the future, with many commenting that they did not believe earthworms could be harmful. These results highlight the importance of evaluating education programs, rather than assuming they are successful. Given many participants' doubts that earthworms have negative effects, both regulations and education may be needed to reduce earthworm introductions.
In this study, two different methods were applied to derive daily and monthly sunshine duration based on high-resolution satellite products provided by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring using data from Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager). The satellite products were either hourly cloud type or hourly surface incoming direct radiation. The satellite sunshine duration estimates were not found to be significantly different using the native 15-minute temporal resolution of SEVIRI. The satellite-based sunshine duration products give additional spatial information over the European continent compared with equivalent in situ-based products. An evaluation of the satellite sunshine duration by product intercomparison and against station measurements was carried out to determine their accuracy. The satellite data were found to be within ±1 h/day compared to high-quality Baseline Surface Radiation Network or surface synoptic observations (SYNOP) station measurements. The satellite-based products differ more over the oceans than over land, mainly because of the treatment of fractional clouds in the cloud type-based sunshine duration product. This paper presents the methods used to derive the satellite sunshine duration products and the performance of the different retrievals. The main benefits and disadvantages compared to station-based products are also discussed.