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Die Hessischen Schülerakademien unterscheiden sich von manchen anderen Akademien dadurch, dass sie zugleich als Schulpraktika für Lehramtsstudierende durchgeführt werden, ferner, weil von derselben Schule mehrere SchülerInnen teilnehmen dürfen und dies nicht nur jeweils einmal. Dies sichert inhaltliche und persönliche Kontinuität, obwohl wir darauf achten, dass hinreichend viele Neulinge eine Chance zur Teilnahme erhalten. Etwa die Hälfte der SchülerInnen möchte sich nach einer Akademie sofort für die nächste anmelden, und auch unter den Studierenden steigt der Anteil an "Wiederholern", die den Praktikumsschein schon erworben haben. Eine solche Begeisterung ist kein schlechtes Zeichen für eine universitäre Lehrveranstaltung.
"Dissz concilium hett ein schoenen anfang, aber ein ublen uszgang von nochvolgender zweyung wegen". Diesem Motto – es findet sich in der Schedelschen Weltchronik (f. CCXLIIIr) wie bei dem Basler Chronisten Christoph Offenburg – ist bislang auch die Forschung gefolgt, wenn sie der zweiten Hälfte des Basiliense weitaus weniger Beachtung geschenkt hat als dessen erstem Jahrzehnt bis zur Absetzung Eugens IV. und Erhebung Felix’ V., da es nach 1440 scheinbar nur noch die sich daraus ergebenden negativen Konsequenzen und den schließlichen Misserfolg des gesamten konziliaren Zeitalters zu bilanzieren gibt. Um zu einer differenzierteren Einschätzung zu gelangen, bedarf es – so HERIBERT MÜLLER (Frankfurt am Main/München) – noch breiterer Quellenerschließung sowie der Berücksichtigung einer in den letzten Jahren merklich intensivierten Publikationstätigkeit generell zum Zeitalter des großen Schismas und der Reformkonzilien (bis eben auf die Basler Spätzeit); einer Epoche, die es auch als ganze bei solcher Schlussbilanz selbstverständlich mit einzubeziehen gilt. Diese zahlreichen Veröffentlichungen neueren Datums mögen im Übrigen mit der von Erich Meuthen entwickelten Sicht auf die – lange vorrangig theologisch und strikt kirchenhistorisch untersuchten – großen Konzilien des 15. Jahrhunderts als allgemeinhistorisch relevante Phänomene zusammenhängen. Müller bot sodann eine Vorschau auf die im Rahmen der Tagung behandelten Themen und wies auf sonstige Forschungsfelder hin, die weiterhin der Erschließung harren, wie etwa die bislang nur ungenügend untersuchte Frage einer Rezeption Basler Reformdekrete "stricto sensu" via Provinzial- und Diözesansynoden oder die – oft gebrochenen und daher besonders aufschlussreichen – Biographien von Konzilsvätern aus Spätbasler Zeit und deren Situierung in personellen Verbundnetzen oder aber die Politik jener Mächte, die wie Mailand, Aragón und Polen das Basler Konzil noch in den vierziger Jahren mit in ihr Kalkül einbezogen. Besonderes Augenmerk wäre indes auf Frankreich und das Reich als die für die Liquidation des Basiliense entscheidenden Mächte zu richten, nicht zuletzt auch unter dem Aspekt kompetitiver Konkurrenz (vgl. auch drittes Konzil, Fürstenkongress), der wiederum auf den Umstand konzilsbedingter Ausformung prä- oder protonationaler Faktoren verweist. ...
CMOS sensors are the most promising candidates for the Micro-Vertex-Detector (MVD) of the CBM experiment at GSI, as they provide an unprecedented compromise between spatial resolution, low material budget, adequate radiation tolerance and readout speed. To study the integration of these sensors into a detector module, a so-called MVD-demonstrator has been developed. The demonstrator and its in-beam performance will be presented and discussed in this work.
With respect to nosocomial influenza infections, the welfare of patients is best served by high rates of staff immunity against influenza. However, data from the Centers of Disease Control (CDC) in the USA and the Robert Koch-Institute (RKI) in Germany indicate that most of health care workers (HCWs) choose not to be vaccinated. Under voluntary influenza immunization standards, institutional influenza outbreaks occur every flu season. The question about the legality of implementation mandatory flu vaccination for HCWs is an ongoing debate, which covers several different positions.
To characterize the attitudes of German HCWs toward mandatory influenza immunization, an anonymous questionnaire was offered to HCWs of the University Hospital in Frankfurt/Main / Germany. Our study showed that almost 70% of the respondents would accept mandatory influenza vaccination.
In our opinion an annual influenza vaccination should be required for HCWs who care for immunocompromised patients and residents in long-term care if there will be a failure of voluntary vaccination programs. An informed declination should be obtained from employees who decline vaccination and these HCWs ought to work in uncritical areas of patient care.
Welsh is a language in which unbounded dependency constructions involve both gaps and resumptive pronouns (RPs). Gaps and RPs appear in disjoint sets of environments. Otherwise, however, they are quite similar. This suggests that they involve the same mechanism, and in HPSG that they involve the SLASH feature. It is possible to provide an analysis in which RPs are associated with the SLASH feature but are also the ordinary pronouns which they appear to be.
This paper addresses the form-meaning relation of multimodal communicative actions by means of a grammar that combines verbal input with hand gestures. Unlike speech, gesture signals are interpretable only through their semantic relation to the synchronous speech content. This relation serves to resolve the incomplete meaning that is revealed by gestural form alone. We demonstrate that by using standard linguistic methods, speech and gesture can be integrated in a constrained way into a single derivation tree which maps to a uniform meaning representation.
Semitic languages exhibit rich nonconcatenative morphological operations, which can generate a myriad of derived lexemes. Especially, the feature rich, root-driven morphology in the Arabic language demonstrates the construction of several verb-derived nominals (verbal nouns) such as gerunds, active participles, passive participles, locative participles, etc. Although HPSG is a successful syntactic theory, it lacks the representation of complex nonconcatenative morphology. In this paper, we propose a novel HPSG representation for Arabic nominals and various verb-derived nouns. We also present the lexical type hierarchy and derivational rules for generating these verb-derived nominals using the HPSG framework.
A little discussed feature of English are non-restrictive relative clauses in which the antecedent is normally not an NP and the gap follows an auxiliary, as in Kim will sing, which Lee won't. These relative clauses resemble clauses with auxiliary complement ellipsis or fronting. There are a variety of analyses that might be proposed, but there are reasons for thinking that the best analysis is one where which is a nominal filler associated with a gap which is generally non-nominal: a filler-gap mismatch analysis in other words.
There are fascinating problems at the syntax-morphology interface which tend to be missed. I offer a brief explanation of why that may be happening, then give a Canonical Typology perspective, which brings these problems to the fore. I give examples showing that the phenomena could in principle be treated either by syntactic rules (but these would be complex) or within morphology (but this would involve redundancy). Thus 'non-autonomous' case values, those which have no unique form but are realized by patterns of syncretism, could be handled by a rule of syntax (one with access to other features, such as number) or by morphology (with resulting systematic syncretisms). I concentrate on one of the most striking sets of data, the issue of prepositional government in Latvian, and outline a solution within Network Morphology using structured case values.
Coherence generally refers to a kind of predicate formation where a verb forms a complex predicate with the head of its infinitival complement. Adjectives taking infinitival complements have also been shown to allow coherence, but the exact conditions for coherence with adjectives appear not to have been addressed in the literature. Based on a corpus-study (supplemented with grammaticality judgements by native speakers) we show that adjectives fall into three semantically and syntactically defined classes correlating with their ability to construct coherently. Non-factive and non-gradable adjectives allow coherence, factive and gradable adjectives do not allow coherence and non-factive and gradable adjectives are tolerated with coherence. On the basis of previous work on coherence in German we argue that coherence allows the infinitival complement of a verb or an adjective to be "split-up", so that the head and a dependent of this head are associated with different information structural functions. In this respect coherence patterns with extraction structures where the extracted constituent has an information structural function different from the constituent from which it is extracted. Following literature on the information structural basis of extraction islands, we show how the lack of coherence with factive adjectives follows from their complements' being information structurally backgrounded, while the infinitival complements of non-factive adjectives tend to a higher fusion with the matrix clause. We also show that coherence is observed with attributive adjectives as well, arguing that coherence is not a distinct verbal property. Finally we provide an analysis of coherence with adjectives within HPSG.