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The ability of some knotless phytochromes to photoconvert without the PHY domain allows evaluation of the distinct effect of the PHY domain on their photodynamics. Here, we compare the ms dynamics of the single GAF domain (g1) and the GAF-PHY (g1g2) construct of the knotless phytochrome All2699 from cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. While the spectral signatures and occurrence of the intermediates are mostly unchanged by the domain composition, the presence of the PHY domain slows down the early forward and reverse dynamics involving chromophore and protein binding pocket relaxation. We assign this effect to a more restricted binding pocket imprinted by the PHY domain. The photoproduct formation is also slowed down by the presence of the PHY domain but to a lesser extent than the early dynamics. This indicates a rate limiting step within the GAF and not the PHY domain. We further identify a pH dependence of the biphasic photoproduct formation hinting towards a pKa dependent tuning mechanism. Our findings add to the understanding of the role of the individual domains in the photocycle dynamics and provide a basis for engineering of phytochromes towards biotechnological applications.
A commentary on the Synopsis Fungorum in America Boreali Media Degentium, by L. D. de Schweinitz
(1856)
Tentamenta entomologica
(1862)
On seatangle tent
(1869)
Report of the botanist
(1872)
Acclimatisation
(1876)
Descriptions of new Coleoptera from Madagasar, recently added to the British Museum Collection
(1878)
At the conclusion of my student's career at Paris, in the time of Baron Cuvier, my first application of that great teacher's "Laws of Reconstruction of Extinct Animals from their Fossil Remains" was to those of the British Isles, of which study the results, as relating to the Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles, have been published. ...
Ephesus and its coinage
(1881)
Genera of fossil cephalopods
(1884)
The Clinton group of Ohio
(1887)
The foundations of dynamics
(1893)
On Urnatella gracilis
(1893)
1. The central nervous system of Nereis virens occupies a deeper position. than does that of most Polychaetes. It is separated from the hypodermis by the circular muscles, and is enveloped by an elaborate protective tissue. 2. The protective tissue consists of two parts jan inner spongy layer, the neuroglia, of ectodermic origin, and an outer sheath, the neurilemma, of mesodermic origin. 3. The" mushroom bodies" of insects and decapod Crustacea are represented in the brain of Nereis by the anterior masses of small nuclei. 4. The optic ganglion, which in some species of Nereis lies beneath the anterior eye, may in other species lie within the brain capsule. 5. There is no neuropil in the ventral nerve cord. 6. There are three longitudinal connectives between each two successive ganglia of the ventral nerve cord, one small median and two larger lateral ones. 7. The sheaths of the nerve fibres of the ventral cord have no nuclei, and hence must be a product of the fibres themselves. 8. The nerve cells of the ventral cord commonly have one or more centrosomes. 9. The giant fibres are nervous in function, and are put into relation with peripheral organs through ordinary centrifugal fibres. 10. The giant fibres give off no fibrillations, and nervous relation with other fibres is established directly between the axis cylinders. 11. Certain decussating fibres are always united in pairs by anastomoses between the axis cylinders where they cross each other. 12. Certain centripetal fibres of the same set are always united by anastomoses between the ends of the branches. 13. Contact between axis cylinders may possibly be one of the means of bringing nerve fibres into functionall'elation with each other.