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Starting from the editorial committee's proposal concerning strategies for the recognition of Global South researches, in this letter I indicate a number of broader impasses related to neoliberal academia in a context in which ecological crisis emerges as a major crisis of capital. To do so, I resort to concepts drawn from feminist, decolonial, and post-structuralist literature and bring them into dialogue with a Marxist framework of analysis.
For thirty years, Berlin was the metropole of the German colonial empire. For most German citizens, however, this statement is relatively unknown. Even though there is an increased interest in decolonial praxis within Berlin-based cultural and educational settings, the persistence of such efforts and their implications within larger society is hard to assess in advance. In response, this text proposes a walking tour through Berlin, highlighting places related to this part of German history. In doing so, it demonstrates the presence of many references to colonialism spread through the city and, more significantly, many initiatives and projects seeking to make this past more visible. By offering an overview of four specific locations within the city, this chapter hopes to critically reflect on the extensive trajectory of the ongoing struggles for historical reparations.
The following think piece explores what it means to exist in a culture of idols by questioning the universalistic practice of canonization. By rejecting homogenous Eurocentric thinking, this piece makes room for the voices of plurality and collective thinking with each other. To this end, it relies on feminist praxis to criticize the genius-based, self-contained understanding of creativity and success perpetuating within contemporary scientific research. Indeed, it presents a case for cultivating cultures of failure within academia and demonstrates with its own stylistic development how cultivating a stream of thoughts can speak to the fragmented and collective nature of the entangled process of thinking and writing.
Inner world and milieu : art, madness, and Brazilian psychiatry in the work of Nise da Silveira
(2024)
This short essay focuses on the work of Brazilian doctor Nise da Silveira, a pioneer in psychiatry who introduced artistic tools to work with psychiatric patients, especially those diagnosed as psychotic. She founded the Museum of Images from the Unconscious in 1952 inside an asylum in Rio de Janeiro to assemble and exhibit the works produced by her patients. As an iconoclast who did not systematize her theory, she engaged with several European psychiatrists, psychoanalysts, and thinkers to produce a very innovative reflection and practical clinical work. Her work resonates in particular with French Institutional Psychotherapy, as well as with Frantz Fanon's psychiatric work in Algeria, but, differently from the former, places art at the core of its clinical method and proposes a radical positioning against every form of medicalized approach.
With reference to the Marx Seminars at the University of São Paulo, this chapter discusses the creation of a specific tradition in the social sciences that marks a crucial moment in the history of postcolonial and decolonial studies. By means of the concept of periphery, I reconstruct how this tradition refuted temporal and stadial dualisms. Moreover, I argue that the development of this new perspective in the social sciences must be understood in terms of its efforts to rethink Marx but also, and more importantly, by the need to rethink Brazil's place in the world. Following this thread, I analyse Roberto Schwarz's work as paradigmatic for a proper understanding of the centrality of the concept of periphery in these discussions.
During fieldwork, anthropologists are given many names that point to their intersectional placement regarding race, class, gender, nationality, and religion. Yet, careful consideration of vernacular forms of designation reveals that such generalizing categories do not always reflect the ways in which people are named and positioned in a given context. While acknowledging the relevance of intersectionality, this paper discusses the relationship between naming and social positionality through a comparative consideration of names employed to designate Dulley in Angola and Santos in Senegal. It explores how these designators, ascribed to the researchers by their interlocutors, contextually identify their positionality. Through concrete examples, it shows how this process of emplacement can both enable and restrict one's possibilities of action and experience.
Invitation, to exi(s)t
(2024)
This joint piece aspires to be a dialogue. In a dialogue, people speak and, most importantly, listen, from their respective positions. Drawing from Trinh T. Minh-ha's notion of speaking nearby, Dulley and Streva reflect on the relationship between authorship, authority, and authoritarianism; the parallel between listening and reading, on the one hand, and speaking and writing, on the other hand; the entanglement between disciplinary systems of knowledge and colonial structures of power; the opacity of others and the imperialistic drive to reduce them to transparency; the supposed subject of knowledge and the void. As they converse on these matters, they speak nearby authors from both the so-called Global South and the so-called Global North who are thus juxtaposed, further developed, and displaced towards a politics and ethics of fugitivity. What follows is an invitation to exi(s)t.
Focusing on the specific case of knowledge production in and about Iran, in this chapter, we discuss the risk of reproducing a Northern perspective in the attempts to produce knowledge on and through the Global South(s). We argue that such reproduction leads to cognitive suppression, further peripheralization, or even recolonization of the South(s). We also stress the lasting effects of methodological nationalism among attempts at decolonization and its political consequences, such as in the adoption of nativist discourses historically connected to the 'Islamic' Revolution by scholars focusing on the Global South(s) and in area studies concerning Iran. To avoid these effects, we suggest considering the politics of scale in our recognition and problematization of the hierarchization of Northern and Southern sites of knowledge production and their particularities.
In this reflection piece, I look at the feminist artistic landscape emerging in Berlin with its growing, diverse migrant community. I examine the ways in which women* artists challenge the imposed notions of their migrant status in the city and their states of belonging within it. I demonstrate this through two feminist initiatives I have been involved in that aim to amplify the voices of women* artists whose creative practices disrupt carefully constructed frameworks relating to borders of inclusion and exclusion. I argue that the artistic practices of women* in these networks are killjoy because they unapologetically get in the way, dismantling carefully constructed frameworks that delineate borders of inclusion and exclusion. By reflecting on homemaking practices in exile, I exemplify how feminisms from the global south decentralize claims to truth by taking the means of production into their own hands. By framing the chapter around the recent protests in Berlin unfolding in solidarity with the feminist revolution in Iran, I reveal the possible limits of such actions when they do not embrace intersectionality. Ultimately, I propose to invest in feminist artistic practices that destabilize exclusionary politics by creating visibility and bridging theory and practice.
This chapter is a journey of thought exploring decolonial critique as a situated practice while thinking through exilic consciousness and its constitutive conditions. I begin by reflecting on decolonialities to gesture toward varied forms of decolonial projects that need to be situated, given that each location generates different sets of questions/problems that demand different answers. In this way, I reconfigure the exilic condition, and the space of displacement in general, as a plurilingual space that unsettles various colonial forms of epistemic monolingualism predicated on the selfsufficiency of thought. To this end, I reflect on the potentiality of exilic consciousness to generate decolonial critique when thinking from/about the Global South. Finally, this chapter demonstrates the significance of acknowledging the diverse locations and trajectories of decolonial critique and the plurality of thought embedded within the exilic intellectual formation that can potentially undo colonial forms of knowledge-making and being in the world.
In this brief discussion, I reflect on the significance of using the category of the global south for reconfiguring the scope of the history of knowledge. While I see this as a productive paradigm shift that has already given rise to mould-breaking works, I focus here on the cross-hemispheric histories of extractive capitalism and how both colonial violence and anticolonial resistance have shaped knowledge-making. I argue that thinking through 'entangled ecologies' can be a tool for countering the existing conceptual order, which has led to the north-south division in the first place. Attending to epistemic and ontological entanglements would enable us to ask better and deeper questions about the increasingly complex interconnections across human and nonhuman worlds, especially given the planetary crises we face today.
In recent decades, mass spectrometry has moved more than ever before into the front line of protein-centered research. After being established at the qualitative level, the more challenging question of quantification of proteins and peptides using mass spectrometry has become a focus for further development. In this chapter, we discuss and review actual strategies and problems of the methods for the quantitative analysis of peptides, proteins, and finally proteomes by mass spectrometry. The common themes, the differences, and the potential pitfalls of the main approaches are presented in order to provide a survey of the emerging field of quantitative, mass spectrometry-based proteomics.
Der Beitrag sucht Georg Christoph Lichtenbergs Position im Sprachdenken der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts zu bestimmen. Diese ist durch eine Kombination von anthropologischen und technisch-pragmatischen, sprachhandwerklichen Überlegungen zur "Wörterfertigung" geprägt, bei der Fragen von Lexik und Nomenklatur im Vordergrund stehen. Zu den Leitkriterien des guten Stils gehören Lichtenberg zufolge Wahrheit und Genauigkeit sowie Natürlichkeit und Individualisierung.
Der Beitrag untersucht den Gebrauch des Tonbegriffs im ästhetischen und poetologischen Diskurs des mittleren und späten 18. Jahrhunderts. Ausgangspunkt dafür ist eine Verhältnisbestimmung der Termini Schreibart, Stil und Ton, aus der die gattungspoetologische Bedeutung des Tons hervorgeht. Entgegen dem seit der romantischen Ästhetik dominanten Verständnis verbindet die Dichtungstheorie des 18. Jahrhunderts (Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, Johann Joachim Eschenburg, Johann Jakob Engel, Johann Christoph Adelung) mit dem Begriff nicht nur die klangliche Dimension von Literatur, sondern auch eine affektive Grundierung von Gattungsformen und ein Konzept für die Beschreibung von gattungshybriden Texten.
Am Nachdruck, wie er bei Johann Christoph Gottsched, Johann Jacob Bodmer, Johann Jacob Breitinger, Johann Georg Sulzer und Johann Gottfried Herder diskutiert wird, lässt sich exemplarisch beobachten, wie eine Gruppe von rhetorischen Verfahren zur Kennzeichnung von nationalen Kollektivstilen ausgebaut wird. Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Ausweitung des Nachdrucks von einer Stilfigur zu einem 'nachdrücklichen Stil', so die hier verfolgte These, ist der über physikalische Leitvorstellungen von Druck, Stoß und Wurf geleistete metaphorische Anschluss an ästhetische Kraftvorstellungen.
Der Begriff des 'körnigen Stils' steht in der Sprach- und Literaturkritik des 18. Jahrhunderts für eine kurze und gehaltvolle, oft auch als 'nachdrücklich' beschriebene Schreibart. Im Literaturstreit zwischen Johann Christoph Gottsched und den 'Schweizern' erlangte er zugleich programmatische und polemische Bedeutung. Im Zentrum des Aufsatzes steht die für das 'Körnige' konstitutive Konstellation von Kürze, Kraft und Konkretion. Ausgehend von Theodor W. Adornos stilsoziologischer Beobachtung, dass der lakonische Stil in Briefen des 18. Jahrhunderts Ausdruck bürgerlicher Notdurft sei, zeige ich an Texten von Johann Christoph Adelung, Johann Jacob Breitinger, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz und Johann Gottfried Herder, dass das Stilideal des Körnigen im 18. Jahrhundert mit dem Streben nach einer Erneuerung und Bereicherung der deutschen Schriftsprache einherging. Zum Kapital, aus dem diese neue Sprache sich speisen sollte, gehörte das ausdifferenzierte Vokabular des Handwerks und des Handels. Der zeitgenössischen Theorie zufolge stellte der körnige Stil also weniger die Notdurft als den Reichtum und die Sprachmächtigkeit des Bürgertums zur Schau.
In seinem Frühwerk "Über die neuere deutsche Literatur" arbeitet der junge Johann Gottfried Herder an der Herausbildung einer neuen Prosa. Durch kommentiertes Zitieren aus den "Briefen, die neueste Literatur betreffend" entwirft er das Ideal einer 'biegsamen' und 'behaglichen' ungebundenen Schreibweise, die sich ganz wesentlich in Stilversuchen manifestiert - in beschriebenen, kritisierten und zitierten sowie denjenigen des Verfassers selbst.
Beispiel und Regel im 18. Jahrhundert. Ein Blick in Christian Ludwigs zweisprachige Wörterbücher
(2024)
Zweisprachige Wörterbücher des 18. Jahrhunderts sind eine wichtige Quelle für die Analyse impliziter stilistischer Urteile. Sie wurden einerseits, insbesondere in der zweiten Jahrhunderthälfte, von den präskriptiven Regeln der großen monolingualen Wörterbücher und Grammatiken beeinflusst, andererseits hatten sie die Aufgabe, Fremdsprachenlernern deskriptiv Gebrauchsmuster an Beispielen vorzuführen. Der Beitrag zeichnet nach, wie sich die Autoren dieser doppelten Herausforderung stellten und wie das entstehende präskriptive Regelsystem vor dem Hintergrund der Stilpluralisierung im 18. Jahrhundert zu interpretieren ist.
In seiner "Poétique française" (1763) und seinen "Eléments de littérature" (1787) entwickelt der französische Dichter und Theoretiker Jean-François Marmontel Ansichten zum Stil, die von der traditionellen Regelpoetik geprägt sind, allmählich aber einen Übergang zur Individualstilpoetik andeuten. Während er diese verschiedenen Paradigmen durch den Geschmacksbegriff noch zu vereinen sucht, zeigt die deutsche Rezeption seiner Theorie, insbesondere Gottlob Benedikt von Schirachs Übertragung, wie sich der Kompromiss aufzulösen beginnt und wie sich neben der Durchsetzung der Individualstilpoetik auch eine Trennung zwischen Wissenschaft und Kunst anbahnt.
Für die Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts wurde ein umfassender Wandel im Bereich des Stilverständnisses konstatiert, das ab 1750 von zwei gegensätzlichen Stilbegriffen geprägt ist: einem traditionell rhetorischen einerseits und einem sich neu etablierenden Individualstil andererseits. Der Beitrag versucht, mit einem Schlaglicht auf das Frühwerk Johann Georg Hamanns ("Sokratische Denkwürdigkeiten" und "Wolken") diesen für das Verständnis der stilgeschichtlichen Umbrüche zentralen Autor im skizzierten Diskursfeld zu verorten. Ein näherer Blick auf Hamanns sokratische Schreibart erlaubt es, die geläufige Rollenzuschreibung, die in Hamann vor allem einen Wegbereiter des Individualstils erkennt, zu problematisieren und ein Paradox herauszuarbeiten: Die Entwicklung zum Individualstil beginnt im Falle von Hamanns ironisch verstellter Maskenrede mit einer radikalen Depotenzierung der Autorinstanz.