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Ich möchte kurz voranstellen, dass ich als Umweltwissenschaftlerin ausgebildet bin, in der Epidemiologie promoviert und mich daraufhin der Wissensgeschichte und -soziologie und insbesondere den Science & Technology Studies zugewandt habe. Mein Interesse an den alltäglichen Praktiken der Wissensbildung und technischen Formalisierungsprozessen in der Ernährungsepidemiologie ist zum einen inspiriert durch den practice turn und den material turn in der Wissenschaftsforschung, zum andern aber auch durch meine eigene Forschungserfahrung in der Epidemiologie. Im Hinblick auf Epigenetik und Ernährung als Medium der Übertragung frage ich nach so banalen Dingen wie: "Wie werden Äpfel in Experimenten formalisiert?", um einigen konkreten Arbeitsweisen der Postgenomik innerhalb des Feldes Nahrung - Ernährung - Stoffwechsel nachzugehen. Im Sinne der bereits erwähnten Unterscheidung zwischen intra- und intergenerationaler Bedeutung des Begriffs Epigenetik von Testa und Boniolo geht es in den folgenden Beispielen primär um intragenerationale Epigenetik. Allerdings gibt es auch in der Ernährungsepidemiologie durchaus Forschung zu inter- oder transgenerationalen Effekten, hier werden oft die Langzeitstudien genannt, in denen die Folgen des niederländischen Hungerwinters 1944, während der deutschen Besatzung, als die Wehrmacht die Versorgungswege der Bevölkerung blockierte, über mehrere Generationen untersucht wurden (vgl. auch den Beitrag von Guy Vergères).
It is no longer possible to ignore how crucial processes of cultural translation and their analysis have become, whether for cultural contact or interreligious relations and conflicts, for integration strategies in multicultural societies or for the exploration of productive interfaces between the humanities and the natural sciences. The globalisation of world society, in particular, demands increased attention to mediation processes and problems of transfer, in terms of both the circulation of global representations and 'travelling concepts' and of the interactions that make up cultural encounters. Here, translation becomes, on the one hand, a condition for global relations of exchange ('global translatability') and, on the other, a medium especially liable to reveal cultural differences, power imbalances and the scope for action. An explicit focus on translation processes— something increasingly prevalent across the humanities—may thus enable us to scrutinise more closely current and historical situations of cultural encounter as complex processes of cultural translation. Translation is opened up to a transnational cultural practice that in no way remains restricted to binary relationships between national languages, national literatures or national cultures.
'[C]ulture as text' initially proved to be a pivotal bridging metaphor between cultural anthropology and literary studies. Following an admittedly ambivalent career path, the concept of 'culture as text' has nevertheless continued to rise and has become an over-determined general principle, an emphatic key metaphor, even an overall "programmatic motto for the study of culture" […]. At first, this concept was still closely connected to ethnographic research and to the semiotic framework of interpretive cultural anthropology. However, since the end of the 1990s it has been utilised to encompass a much broader interdisciplinary horizon for the study of culture. 'Culture as text' advanced from being a conceptual metaphor for the condensation of cultural meanings to a rather free-floating formula frequently referred to in analyses within disciplines involved in the study of culture. Surprisingly, 'culture as text' has remained a consistent key phrase throughout the discourses concerned with the study of culture—even after the culture debate had long since turned away from the holistic understanding of culture implied by the formula.