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"The death of the Emperor Frederick Il in 1250 marked a tuming point in German affairs. When in 1212 the young King of Sicily had taken Germany by storm, driving north his Welf rival Otto IV of Brunswick and securing the support of the German princes, it had seemed that a new golden age had begun. Walther von der Vogelweide at last received his "lêhen", and praised his new patron as "der edel künec, der milte künec". ln Aachen a crusade was proclaimed for the liberation of Jerusalem. Comparisons were made with the Emperor's grandfather, Frederick Barbarossa. The house of Hohenstaufen was again in the ascendency. But these high expectations were always unrealistic. Frederick's crusading vows became a thom in his flesh; his enemies held him to them, but obstructed him as he sought to fulfil them. Much of his energy was taken up in a dual struggle against insurgency in his restive Lombard states, and against the bitter invective of the papal propagandists. Although Innocent lll had been the prime sponsor of the young Emperor, Honorius III became alan·ned at the prospect of a union of the crowns of Sicily and the Empire, and Gregory IX and Innocent IV became determined to break the power of the Hohenstaufen dynasty once and for all. The popes did not have it all their own way. For the most part, the German princes remained loyal, pleased to have an emperor who interfered so little in their affairs. Frederick‘s policy of diplomacy and compromise attracted more sympathy than that of the Pope who refused to meet and treat with him. His early death, however, left his son Conrad IV in a weak position from which he was unable to recover, and within twenty years the last Hohenstaufen rulerwas deposed. The impact of these events on the intellectual climate in Germany was immense. After Frederick's death, there was an upsurge in apocalyptic preaching, and much of the literature of the period was diffused with a sense of nostalgia. It is in this light that we must read the account of the life of Frederick II which is offered by the Viennese patrician, Jansen Enike. Enikel‘s Universal Chronicle ('Weltchronik') recounts the history of the world from Adam to Frederick. It was written about 1272, just four years after the death of Conradin, the last of the Staufen line. Enikel was probably born in the 1230s, and his own lifespan exactly coincided with the years of Hohenstaufen decline. His account ol Frederick's life has limited value as history, but casts an interesting sidelight on the confusion of impressions which had gathered in popular lore. In keeping with the rest of his chronicle, it is anecdotal, falling naturally into ten sections of differing lengths, most of which are to some extent self-contained units. Together, these fill over thirteen hundred lines, making Frederick Enikel's most comprehensively treated post-biblical protagonist; only Moses and David are dealt with at greater length."
Hugo von Hofmannsthal lernte die Fürstin und spätere erfolgreiche Schriftstellerin Mechtilde Lichnowsky Anfang 1909 in Berlin kennen. [...] Wahrscheinlich wurden schon bald Briefe mit Verabredungen ausgetauscht. Die ersten gesichert datierten Briefe der hier veröffentlichten Korrespondenz stammen aus dem Frühjahr 1910. [...] Auch wenn die vorliegende Korrespondenz Lücken aufweist und vermutlich über das letzte hier dargebotene Briefzeugnis hinaus, die Trauerbekundung um den Tod von Wilhelm Freiherr Schenk von Stauffenberg, andauerte, vermag sie doch einen Eindruck von dieser vielschichtigen Beziehung zu geben. [...] Unter den Themen, die der Briefwechsel anschlägt dominiert das Gespräch über Hofmannsthals Werke, Projekte und Theateraufführungen. Besonders Anteil nimmt Mechtilde Lichnowsky an Max Reinhardts Berliner Inszenierung des "König Ödipus". [...] Sämtliche Texte der Korrespondenz werden aus den Handschriften geboten; lediglich Hofmannsthals Briefe an seinen Vater und an seine Frau Gerty, die im Deutschen Literaturarchiv Marbach a.N. aufbewahrt werden, sowie die Auszüge aus seinen Tagebüchern, werden nach den Kopien im Freien Deutschen Hochstift, Frankfurt a.M., zitiert.
Die biografische Skizze stellt den Dresdner Arzt Carl Gustav Carus (1789-1869), Maler, Ästhetiker, Psychologe, Philosoph und Naturwissenschaftler, einer der letzten Universalgelehrten des 19. Jahrhunderts, vor. Eigentümlich für diesen Polypragmatiker ist eine angestrebte Konvergenz ästhetischer und wissenschaftlicher Naturbetrachtung. Das gesamte Werk des „strengsten und behutsamsten unter den romantischen Denkers“, wie die Schriftstellerin Ricarda Huch ihn bezeichnet hat, lässt sich gar als Paradigma einer „epochalen Konstellation“ lesen, wie sie Karl Richter allgemein definiert hat.
In the concentration on his text, the author Franz Kafka is often reduced to the phantom of a deadly sick and Oedipus-struck inventor of abstract labyrinths in an absurd bureaucratic universe. This talk intends to reintegrate him into the landscape of various conterts of modernicy at the beginriing of the 20Ih century such as: the movement of life-reform, intellectual debates, academic research in the field of industrial accidents, changing erotic relations and the enthusiasm for new technical products. As a result, the author claims that Kafka could well be imagined as a member of the pre-war-society described by Thomas Mann in the "Magic Mountain".