Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Preprint (814) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (814) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (814)
Keywords
- quark-gluon plasma (3)
- RHIC (2)
- heavy-ion collisions (2)
- natural scenes (2)
- neuronal populations (2)
- primary visual cortex (2)
- stimulus encoding (2)
- visual attention (2)
- Amblyopia (1)
- Antiteilchen (1)
- Binocular Rivalry (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Charm Produktion (1)
- Charmonium (1)
- Chemical equilibration (1)
- Chemische Gleichgewichtherstellung (1)
- Computational model (1)
- Cortical column (1)
- D-Dbar (1)
- D-meson spectral density (1)
- DN interaction (1)
- Dichte (1)
- Elektron (1)
- Energy system modelling tool (1)
- Gyromagnetic Moment (1)
- HICs (1)
- Hadron (1)
- Hypercolumn (1)
- Immune Response (1)
- J/ϕ (1)
- Kollision (1)
- Kollisionen des schweren Ions (1)
- Kollisionen schwerer Ionen (1)
- LHC (1)
- Lambda-c(2593) resonance (1)
- MET (1)
- Mach Shocks (1)
- Material budget (1)
- Mathematical Modeling (1)
- Model-based public policy (1)
- Modell (1)
- Neural Network (1)
- Neural map (1)
- ODEs (1)
- Open-source software (1)
- Optimal wiring (1)
- Orientation preference (1)
- Outreach practice (1)
- Partikelzahlschwankung (1)
- Pinwheel (1)
- Plasticity (1)
- Produktion von pentaquark (1)
- QCD (1)
- QGP (1)
- QGP signals (1)
- Quark Gluon Plasma (1)
- Quark-Gluon-Plasma (1)
- RHIC energies (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 (1)
- Schwerionenphysik (1)
- Software development practice (1)
- Transport (1)
- Visual cortex (1)
- antibaryon (1)
- antikaon (1)
- antiparticles (1)
- baryon (1)
- binaryfission (1)
- black holes (1)
- charm (1)
- chiral (1)
- chiral phase (1)
- collective flow (1)
- collision (1)
- coupled-channel self-consistent calculation (1)
- deconfinement phase transition (1)
- density perturbations (1)
- detector (1)
- dileptons (1)
- electron (1)
- elliptic flow analysis (1)
- equation of state (1)
- experimental results (1)
- femtoscopy data (1)
- finite temperature (1)
- flow (1)
- functional connectivity (1)
- general cognitive ability (1)
- gyromagnetic moment (1)
- hadron (1)
- hadronic (1)
- hadronic matter (1)
- heavy Hagedorn states (1)
- heavy ion (1)
- heavy-flavor quarks (1)
- hidden charm production (1)
- high-energy nuclear collisions (1)
- hydrodynamics (1)
- integro-differential equation (1)
- inter-individual variability (1)
- internalin B (1)
- kaon (1)
- kollektive strom (1)
- machine learning (1)
- masse (1)
- minimal length (1)
- minimale Länge (1)
- mixing of hadron sources (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- multicluster fission (1)
- muon (1)
- nuclear (1)
- nuclear cold fission (1)
- nuclear collisions (1)
- nucleon (1)
- particle number fluctuations (1)
- particle ratios (1)
- perceptual closure (1)
- pions (1)
- precision weighting (1)
- predictive coding (1)
- predictive modelling (1)
- production of pentaquark (1)
- quark (1)
- receptor tyrosine kinase activation (1)
- resting state (1)
- saddle point shapes (1)
- schizophrenia (1)
- schwere Hagedorn Zustände (1)
- schweres Ion (1)
- single-molecule FRET (1)
- stabile kalte Kerne (1)
- stable cold nuclear matter (1)
- statistical model (1)
- strangeness (1)
- synaesthesia (1)
- system (1)
- thermalization (1)
- transport models (1)
- true ternary fission (1)
- ultrarelativistic (1)
- ultrarelativistische (1)
Institute
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (814) (remove)
Measurements of the production cross sections of prompt D0, D+, D∗+, D+s, Λ+c, and Ξ+c charm hadrons at midrapidity in proton−proton collisions at s√=13 TeV with the ALICE detector are presented. The D-meson cross sections as a function of transverse momentum (pT) are provided with improved precision and granularity. The ratios of pT-differential meson production cross sections based on this publication and on measurements at different rapidity and collision energy provide a constraint on gluon parton distribution functions at low values of Bjorken-x (10−5−10−4). The measurements of Λ+c (Ξ+c) baryon production extend the measured pT intervals down to pT=0(3)~GeV/c. These measurements are used to determine the charm-quark fragmentation fractions and the cc¯¯ production cross section at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) based on the sum of the cross sections of the weakly-decaying ground-state charm hadrons D0, D+, D+s, Λ+c, Ξ0c and, for the first time, Ξ+c, and of the strongly-decaying J/psi mesons. The first measurements of Ξ+c and Σ0,++c fragmentation fractions at midrapidity are also reported. A significantly larger fraction of charm quarks hadronising to baryons is found compared to e+e− and ep collisions. The cc¯¯ production cross section at midrapidity is found to be at the upper bound of state-of-the-art perturbative QCD calculations.
The Chiral Magnetic Wave (CMW) phenomenon is essential to provide insights into the strong interaction in QCD, the properties of the quark-gluon plasma, and the topological characteristics of the early universe, offering a deeper understanding of fundamental physics in high-energy collisions. Measurements of the charge-dependent anisotropic flow coefficients are studied in Pb-Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN−−−√= 5.02 TeV to probe the CMW. In particular, the slope of the normalized difference in elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) flow coefficients of positively and negatively charged particles as a function of their event-wise normalized number difference, is reported for inclusive and identified particles. The slope rNorm3 is found to be larger than zero and to have a magnitude similar to rNorm2, thus pointing to a large background contribution for these measurements. Furthermore, rNorm2 can be described by a blast wave model calculation that incorporates local charge conservation. In addition, using the event shape engineering technique yields a fraction of CMW (fCMW) contribution to this measurement which is compatible with zero. This measurement provides the very first upper limit for fCMW, and in the 10-60% centrality interval it is found to be 26% (38%) at 95% (99.7%) confidence level.
Measurements of charged-particle production in pp, p−Pb, and Pb−Pb collisions in the toward, away, and transverse regions with the ALICE detector are discussed. These regions are defined event-by-event relative to the azimuthal direction of the charged trigger particle, which is the reconstructed particle with the largest transverse momentum (ptrigT) in the range 8<ptrigT<15 GeV/c. The toward and away regions contain the primary and recoil jets, respectively; both regions are accompanied by the underlying event (UE). In contrast, the transverse region perpendicular to the direction of the trigger particle is dominated by the so-called UE dynamics, and includes also contributions from initial- and final-state radiation. The relative transverse activity classifier, RT=NTch/⟨NTch⟩, is used to group events according to their UE activity, where NTch is the charged-particle multiplicity per event in the transverse region and ⟨NTch⟩ is the mean value over the whole analysed sample. The energy dependence of the RT distributions in pp collisions at s√=2.76, 5.02, 7, and 13 TeV is reported, exploring the Koba-Nielsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling properties of the multiplicity distributions. The first measurements of charged-particle pT spectra as a function of RT in the three azimuthal regions in pp, p−Pb, and Pb−Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV are also reported. Data are compared with predictions obtained from the event generators PYTHIA 8 and EPOS LHC. This set of measurements is expected to contribute to the understanding of the origin of collective-like effects in small collision systems (pp and p−Pb).
The elliptic flow (v2) of D0 mesons from beauty-hadron decays (non-prompt D0) was measured in midcentral (30-50%) Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The D0 mesons were reconstructed at midrapidity (|y|<0.8) from their hadronic decay D0→K−π+, in the transverse momentum interval 2<pT<12 GeV/c. The result indicates a positive v2 for non-prompt D0 mesons with a significance of 2.7σ. The non-prompt D0-meson v2 is lower than that of prompt non-strange D mesons with 3.2σ significance in 2<pT<8 GeV/c, and compatible with the v2 of beauty-decay electrons. Theoretical calculations of beauty-quark transport in a hydrodynamically expanding medium describe the measurement within uncertainties.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a crucial role in modulating physiological responses and serve as the main drug target. Specifically, salmeterol and salbutamol which are used for the treatment of pulmonary diseases, exert their effects by activating the GPCR β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR). In our study, we employed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations with the Martini 3 force field to investigate the dynamics of drug molecules in membranes in presence and absence of β2AR. Our simulations reveal that in more than 50% of the flip-flop events the drug molecules use the β2AR surface to permeate the membrane. The pathway along the GPCR surface is significantly more energetically favorable for the drug molecules, which was revealed by umbrella sampling simulations along spontaneous flip-flop pathways. Furthermore, we assessed the behavior of drugs with intracellular targets, such as kinase inhibitors, whose therapeutic efficacy could benefit from this observation. In summary, our results show that β2AR surface interactions can significantly enhance membrane permeation of drugs, emphasizing their potential for consideration in future drug development strategies.
The ALICE Collaboration reports a differential measurement of inclusive jet suppression using pp and Pb−Pb collision data at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. Charged-particle jets are reconstructed using the anti-kT algorithm with resolution parameters R= 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 in pp collisions and R= 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 in central (0−10%), semi-central (30−50%), and peripheral (60−80%) Pb−Pb collisions. A novel approach based on machine learning is employed to mitigate the influence of jet background. This enables measurements of inclusive jet suppression in new regions of phase space, including down to the lowest jet pT≥40 GeV/c at R=0.6 in central Pb−Pb collisions. This is an important step for discriminating different models of jet quenching in the quark-gluon plasma. The transverse momentum spectra, nuclear modification factors, derived cross section, and nuclear modification factor ratios for different jet resolution parameters of charged-particle jets are presented and compared to model predictions. A mild dependence of the nuclear modification factor ratios on collision centrality and resolution parameter is observed. The results are compared to a variety of jet-quenching models with varying levels of agreement.
The two-particle momentum correlation functions between charm mesons (D∗± and D±) and charged light-flavor mesons (π± and K±) in all charge-combinations are measured for the first time by the ALICE Collaboration in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s√=13 TeV. For DK and D∗K pairs, the experimental results are in agreement with theoretical predictions of the residual strong interaction based on quantum chromodynamics calculations on the lattice and chiral effective field theory. In the case of Dπ and D∗π pairs, tension between the calculations including strong interactions and the measurement is observed. For all particle pairs, the data can be adequately described by Coulomb interaction only, indicating a shallow interaction between charm and light-flavor mesons. Finally, the scattering lengths governing the residual strong interaction of the Dπ and D∗π systems are determined by fitting the experimental correlation functions with a model that employs a Gaussian potential. The extracted values are small and compatible with zero.
The hippocampal-dependent memory system and striatal-dependent memory system modulate reinforcement learning depending on feedback timing in adults, but their contributions during development remain unclear. In a 2-year longitudinal study, 6-to-7-year-old children performed a reinforcement learning task in which they received feedback immediately or with a short delay following their response. Children’s learning was found to be sensitive to feedback timing modulations in their reaction time and inverse temperature parameter, which quantifies value-guided decision-making. They showed longitudinal improvements towards more optimal value-based learning, and their hippocampal volume showed protracted maturation. Better delayed model-derived learning covaried with larger hippocampal volume longitudinally, in line with the adult literature. In contrast, a larger striatal volume in children was associated with both better immediate and delayed model-derived learning longitudinally. These findings show, for the first time, an early hippocampal contribution to the dynamic development of reinforcement learning in middle childhood, with neurally less differentiated and more cooperative memory systems than in adults.
The two-particle momentum correlation functions between charm mesons (D∗± and D±) and charged light-flavor mesons (π± and K±) in all charge-combinations are measured for the first time by the ALICE Collaboration in high-multiplicity proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV. For DK and D∗K pairs, the experimental results are in agreement with theoretical predictions of the residual strong interaction based on quantum chromodynamics calculations on the lattice and chiral effective field theory. In the case of Dπ and D∗π pairs, tension between the calculations including strong interactions and the measurement is observed. For all particle pairs, the data can be adequately described by Coulomb interaction only, indicating a shallow interaction between charm and light-flavor mesons. Finally, the scattering lengths governing the residual strong interaction of the Dπ and D∗π systems are determined by fitting the experimental correlation functions with a model that employs a Gaussian potential. The extracted values are small and compatible with zero.
Measurement of beauty-quark production in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV via non-prompt D mesons
(2024)
The pT-differential production cross sections of non-prompt D0, D+, and D+s mesons originating from beauty-hadron decays are measured in proton−proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy s√ of 13 TeV. The measurements are performed at midrapidity, |y|<0.5, with the data sample collected by ALICE from 2016 to 2018. The results are in agreement with predictions from several perturbative QCD calculations. The fragmentation fraction of beauty quarks to strange mesons divided by the one to non-strange mesons, fs/(fu+fd), is found to be 0.114±0.016 (stat.)±0.006 (syst.)±0.003 (BR)±0.003 (extrap.). This value is compatible with previous measurements at lower centre-of-mass energies and in different collision systems in agreement with the assumption of universality of fragmentation functions. In addition, the dependence of the non-prompt D meson production on the centre-of-mass energy is investigated by comparing the results obtained at s√=5.02 and 13 TeV, showing a hardening of the non-prompt D-meson pT-differential production cross section at higher s√. Finally, the bb¯¯¯ production cross section per unit of rapidity at midrapidity is calculated from the non-prompt D0, D+, D+s, and Λ+c hadron measurements, obtaining dσ/dy=75.2±3.2 (stat.)±5.2 (syst.)+12.3−3.2 (extrap.) μb.