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Therion Curtis (Ichneumonidae: Anomalinae) has a nearly cosmopolitan geographic distribution but has not previously been recorded from South America. In most Therion the tarsal claws are simple or have only a few inconspicuous teeth near the base. The new species described herein are distinctive, therefore, because they have the tarsal claws conspicuously pectinate over at least 0.8 the distance from base to apex. Therion ranti n.sp. from Cordoba and Mendoza Provinces of Argentina may be recognized by its almost uniformly red mesosoma and basally elevated clypeus. In Therion wileyi n.sp., from the Andean puna near La Paz in Bolivia, the mesosoma is red with extensive black coloration, including much of the propodeum, and the clypeus is weakly and symmetrically convex in profile. Therion wileyi n.sp. was reared from an unidentified noctuid moth larva infesting Chenopodium quinoa (Angiospermae: Chenopodiaceae), an importantfood crop in Andean South America.
Rhyssa neotropicae n. sp. is the first Rhyssa to be recorded from the New World tropics, where it was collected in cloud forest at 1800 m on Monte Uyuca near Zamorano, Honduras. It is closely related to the Nearctic R. hoferi Rohwer and R. howdenorum Townes but differs from all other Rhyssa by its complexly yellow and black marked head and body, whose color pattern mimics that of aggressive social vespid wasps (Agelaia) which occur in the same habitat. Rhyssa howdenorum Townes is recorded for the first time from Florida and Oklahoma. The genus Rhyssella, previously unknown in Florida, is represented in that state by R. perfulua n. sp., distinctive in its mostly orange brown coloration, and by R. humida (Say), a black and white species with fulvous on the thoracic pleura and propodeum.
Labium is a primitive transantarctic genus which parasitizes ground-nesting halictid bees and until now has been known only from the Australian Region. Diagnostic features include its large exposed labrum (as long as clypeus) ; elongate mandible with upper tooth much shorter and smaller than lower tooth; slender 1st gastric tergite with spiracle distad of middle; and short, concealed ovipositor which is slender, depressed, and without notch or nodus. Labium wahli is now described from south Brazilian rain forest. It differs from the Australian species by its longer flagellum which is only slightly thickened apicad and because it has no crests at base of the notauli
Descriptions are given of the new species Anacis ignifera and A. flammigera from Mérida State, Venezuela and of A. umbrifera from Machu Picchu, Perú. These belong to a tropical Andean lineage with strongly projecting propodeal cristae and pictured wings. Anacis hercana Porter, a Chilean species long known only from the holotype taken at El Canelo near Santiago, now is documented by a second specimen from nearby Río Clarillo. Biconus Townes (1969) is synonymized under Anacis Porter (1967a). Anacis apoeca (Porter), A. atrorubra (Townes), and A. subflava (Porter) are new combinations in Anacis. The South American species of Anacis are keyed.