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- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (2) (entfernen)
We propose a novel approach to the study of international trade based on a theory of country integration that embodies a broad systemic viewpoint on the relationship between trade and growth. Our model leads to an indicator of country openness that measures a country's level of integration through the full architecture of its connections in the trade network. We apply our methodology to a sample of 204 countries and find a sizable and significant positive relationship between our integration measure and a country's growth rate, while that of the traditional measures of outward orientation is only minor and statistically insignificant.
We use census data to show that structural transformation reflects a fundamental reallocation of labour from goods to services, instead of a relabelling that occurs when goods-producing firms outsource their in-house service production. The novelty of our approach is that it categorizes labour by occupations, which are invariant to outsourcing. We find that the reallocation of labour from goods-producing to service-producing occupations is a robust feature in censuses from around the world and different time periods. To understand the underlying forces, we propose a tractable model in which uneven occupation-specific technological change generates structural transformation of occupation employment.