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Os danos no processo formativo, decorrentes da hegemonia da indústria cultural, são investigados há algum tempo por pesquisadores das áreas de filosofia, psicologia, sociologia e história da educação. De forma geral, concluiu-se que não há uma relação de causa e efeito entre a indústria cultural e a produção de consciências reificadas. Porém, é preciso compreender de que modo o consumidor dos produtos da indústria cultural se esforça para permanecer na condição de objeto, ao invés de ser sujeito de suas ações. Tem-se como objetivo, neste artigo, refletir sobre a produção e propagação deste impulso conformista. Para tanto, parte-se do seguinte pressuposto: a chave para o entendimento das nuances desse impulso se encontra na análise das transformações históricas da relação entre a indústria cultural e a educação pela dureza.
In "Das Jahr Lazertis" Günter Eich works with the concept of "lost word" on multiple levels with mythological, historical, geographical, psychological, sociologic and poetical implications. This article pretends to investigate the textual constructions of these semantic configurations.
This article points out facts that help to explain why Franz Kafka was not awarded the Nobel Prize.
As linguist, we always have to deal with terms like First, Second and Foreign Languages, but many times we don’t notice, how peculiars they are and how specific and difficult are their definitions. In Brazil, we have peculiar situations of immigrant languages, which are spoken in some groups of people in some communities in their day-by-day. There is much controversy related to the denomination we give to these linguistic varieties, what concerns its status and its relationship with the other neighbor or concurrent varieties. In this paper, we intend to discuss theoretically the terms above, transporting the denomination and its application to the reality of some bilingual communities from Rio Grande do Sul, in which people speak minority languages of Germanic origins. On the basis of empirical tests, we aim to give here a profile of the socio linguistic situation of these minority varieties what concerns its speakers, the foreign language teachers (specially of the High-German) and the community in general.
A learner's mother tongue influences the acquisition or learning of another language, regardless of whether we are dealing with a second or a foreign language. But there are other factors influencing these processes. One can therefore only analyze these interferences by taking into account certain factors which include elements transferred from the mother tongue, elements from other languages that the learner has already learned, and elements coming from the language being learned or acquired. Moreover, these so-called interferences do not only occur at the linguistic level, but also at the extralinguistic level. This paper describes and discusses these factors in order to describe the process of learning German as a foreign language in Brazil and its peculiarities with regard to bilingual education. Through the description and analysis of empirical data and on the basis of the theory of the "great hypotheses", this text aims at better understanding the relationship between first and foreign/second language and their mutual interferences.
The poem "Zurich, zum Storchen" by Paul Celan is often read as a document on the tension between Celan and Nelly Sachs, which resulted particularly from their different attitudes to the Shoah. However if the poem is read in connection with the cycle "Die Niemandsrose" and with Celan’s poetological thinking at this time, Celan’s opposite standpoint means much more than a theological discussion: it serves for the affirmation of human presence.
Este artigo confronta a tentativa habermasiana de dar continuidade ao projeto racionalista da modernidade com a crítica de Michael Hardt e Antonio Negri de que este projeto se torna obsoleto na atual época pós-moderna, dominada pelo "Império". De início, trata-se de uma crítica desses autores à concepção habermasiana de racionalidade e práxis: não há razão comunicativa (contraposta à razão estratégica) que não seja instrumentalizada pelo Império. Em seguida, uma crítica à teoria habermasiana de sociedade: não há mundo da vida (contraposto ao sistema) que não seja tomado pelo Império. Por fim, Hardt e Negri criticam a noção de transformação histórica: não o progresso nas instituições e na constituição formal, mas apenas a força vital da multitude - o poder constituinte, articulado conforme a constituição material da sociedade - pode provocar rupturas na história.
German immigration to Brazil starts in the 19th century. In Brazil, the German Immigration Literature has already been a subject of many studies. Nevertheless, what was produced in Germany during the period of the great emigration by the land people of these emigrates is still unknown by the Brazilian people and also by the German folk. This article shows the results of a careful bibliographic research, that was made in German libraries and archives. In this article there is an important work: one narrative from Amalia Schoppe, Die Auswanderer nach Brasilien oder die Hütte am Gigitonhonha. They present interesting aspects about Brazil and about Germany at the e(im)migation context in the 19th century.
Considering the European mentality of the first half of the 19th century, this article discusses the important role of E. T. A. Hoffmann in the literature of that period. The text deals specially with Hoffmann’s critique of the superiority of reason over imagination. Cultivating the grotesque and the supernatural, Hoffmann criticizes the bourgeois attitudes towards an unquestioned belief in the reason as the unique savior of mankind.