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Class features as probes
(2008)
In this article, we adress (i) the form and (ii) the function on inflection class features in minimalist grammar. The empirical evidence comes from noun inflection systems involving fusional markers in German, Greek, and Russian. As for (i), we argue (based on instances of transparadigmatic syncretism) that class features are not privative; rather, class information must be decomposed into more abstract, binary features. Concerning (ii), we propose that class features qualify as the very device that brings about fusional infection: They are uninterpretable in syntax and actas probes on stems, with matching inflection markers as goels, and thus trigger morphological Agree operations that merge stem and inflection marker before syntax is reached.
Rezension zu Stefan Neuhaus: Märchen. Tübingen, Basel (A. Francke) 2005. 391 S.
Obwohl die zeittypischem Literaturverständnis geschuldete Zuordnung von André Jolles längst revidiert und das Märchen von der Forschung als sozusagen komplexe Form rehabilitiert wurde, fehlen neuere Überblicksdarstellungen zu der gerade für die Allgemeine und Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft höchst interessanten Gattung. Diese Lücke zu schließen ist ambitiöses Ziel des vorliegenden Bandes.
Nicht nur diese Gefahr beschwört Adolf Zeising in einem Artikel für die "Blätter für literarische Unterhaltung" aus dem Jahre 1854, er sieht auch noch "die Entdeutschung der Schriftsteller" als notwendige Folge der Überschwemmung des literarischen Marktes mit "Übersetzungen […] für einen Spottpreis"voraus. Und natürlich gilt - nicht nur ihm - der Einfluss der Romane von Alexandre Dumas Père als besonders gefährlich. In der Tat ist der Autor mit seinen Feuilletonromanen in Deutschland omnipräsent, wo er seit den vierziger Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts dank einer in rascher Folge anwachsenden Masse von schnell auf den Markt geworfenen Übersetzungen unaufhaltsam zum König der Leihbibliotheken aufsteigt. Neben einem kurzen Blick auf die quantitative Produktion, Diffusion und Rezeption von Dumas-Übersetzungen sollen die Schreibstrategien der Übersetzer und die Absatzstrategien der Verleger anhand von einigen ausgewählten Beispielen im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags stehen.
The unfolding discussion will focus on the internal representation of turbulent sounds in the phonology of German as well as pinpoint the special status of the prime defining the quality of turbulence. It will also be argued that this prime is capable of entering into special types of licensing relations, which results in specific phonetic manifestations of forms. We shall compare the effects of two processes attested in German: consonant degemination and spirantisation with a view to revealing the role of the turbulence-defining element in the two operations. Furthermore, our attention will be focused on the workings of the Obligatory Contour Principle which, as will be shown below, exerts decisive impact on prime interplay and consequently the phonetic realization of sounds and words. We shall see that segmental identity is contingent on the languagespecific interpretation of inter-element bonds.
Aware of the importance of prime autonomy in determining the manifestation of sounds, let us start with a brief outline of the fundamental segment structure principles offered by the theory of Phonological Government.
Rate effects on aerodynamics of intervocalic stops : evidence from real speech data and model data
(2008)
This paper is a first attempt towards a better understanding of the aerodynamic properties during speech production and their potential control. In recent years, studies on intraoral pressure in speech have been rather rare, and more studies concern the air flow development. However, the intraoral pressure is a crucial factor for analysing the production of various sounds.
In this paper, we focus on the intraoral pressure development during the production of intervocalic stops.
Two experimental methodologies are presented and confronted with each other: real speech data recorded for four German native speakers, and model data, obtained by a mechanical replica which allows reproducing the main physical mechanisms occurring during phonation. The two methods are presented and applied to a study on the influence of speech rate on aerodynamic properties.
This paper offers a description of the contemporary German lexicography using dictionary taxonomy. The parameters used for the classification of dictionaries are the number of languages (monolingual against bilingual dictionaries), the user’s perspective (how useful is each kind of dictionary for the Brazilian scholar) and the two perspectives of the act of speech (text reception against text production).
Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, ob und inwiefern sich der Begriff der 'interkulturellen Literatur' in Deutschland in seiner 'Ganzheit' und zugleich Differenziertheit bzw. Ambivalenz erfassen lässt, und überprüft in diesem Zusammenhang Chiellinos Entwurf der 'Topographie der Stimmen' auf seine 'Stimmigkeit' und Plausibilität. Dabei wird der Frage nachgegangen, welcher der 'polyphonen' interkulturellen Stimmen die deutsch schreibenden Autor/innen aus der ehemaligen Tschechoslowakei nach 1968 zuzuordnen und wo sie innerhalb eines solchen Konzepts zu positionieren wären. Am Beispiel der Erzählung "Wurzelsteine" von Katja Fusek wird schließlich das interkulturelle Potential eines solchen Textes, entsprechend der von Chiellino und Blioumi aufgestellten Kriterien, sichtbar gemacht und eingehender beleuchtet.
Based on the bilingualism and ethnolinguistic identity research, this study aims to observe the role identity and linguistic attitudes play in a minority mother language’s maintenance or shifting process in early bilingualism cases in a societal bilingualism situation. The analyzed context comprises native speakers of essentially bilingual communities that migrate to an urban center like Porto Alegre, where the opportunities for minority mother language use are drastically restrained by the monolingual Portuguese context. It’s asked how this language was maintained and what is the identity and linguistic attitude after the removal of the original context identified as more rural, isolated and ethnic and culturally different. The data collection derives from semi-structured interviews, recorded and subsequently transcribed. The data analysis suggests that the ‘geographic’ factor isn’t so relevant to the maintenance/shifting of a minority language than the speaker’s ‘micro-decisions’ to preserve the cultural and affectionate ties with their origin group, the family. Besides family group, community, school and government should be called to come together to construct new ways for the linguistic and cultural preservation of the bilingual community in Brazil. In that sense, this research intends to contribute to a wider understanding of the identity and linguistics attitudes’ role in the languages’ teaching and learning in general.