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This paper presents the results of a study on psammophilous grasslands, conducted during the years 1994-1997 and in 2008 in the Masurian Lake District (NE Poland). The study aimed at the determination of floristic composition, phytosociological diversity and habitat characteristics. Field work resulted in 511 phytosociological releves. Soil samples were taken to determine pH, hydrolytic acidity, sum of basic cations, cation exchange capacity, content of CaC03 and total carbon. In 2008, the presence of communities dominated by grey-hair grass (Corynephorus canescens) in the previously established sites was checked. TWINSPAN was used for hierarchic classification of the association Comiculario aculeatae-Corynephoretum canescentis (syn. Spergulo morisonii-Corynephoretum canescentis). Accordingly, the association is divided into four subtypes (typical subtype, subtype with Cladonia mitis, subtype with Thymus serpyllum and subtype with Festuca ovina) with nine variants. Field observations showed that the communities analyzed have been under strong anthropogenic pressure, causing their degeneration and decrease in area. The most common human uses of psammophilous grassland communities are housing development, road construction, afforestation, sand extraction, wood storage and unauthorized dumping. In contrast to the above types of land use, seasonal use of grasslands for recreation purposes (as sunbathing spots or as sports fields) does not lead to their degeneration and may have a beneficial influence on their maintenance as a component of the local landscape.
The grey dunes along the present-day depositional coasts of Latvia are among the most diverse dune ecosystems in the Baltic Sea region. This paper focuses on the grey dune plant communities, their classification based on the Braun-Blanquet approach and their ecology and distribution in Latvia. A total of 3,430 phytosociological relevés were sampled in all coastal sections in the period from 1994 to 2008. The vegetation was classified using TWINSPAN analysis. Diagnostic species were determined for each syn taxon using statistical measures of fidelity (phi coefficient and Fishers exact test). The phytogeography of associations and variants is described on the basis of a distribution range analysis of plant species. In total, three associations of the class Koelerio-Corynephoretea occur in the grey dunes. The Corniculario aculeatae-Corynephoretum canescentis and the Caricetum arenariae belong to the alliance Corynephorion canescentis and the order Corynephoretalia canescentis. The Festucetum polesicae belongs to the alliance Koelerion glaucae in the order Sedo acris-Festucetalia. With six variants, it is the phytosociologically most diverse association of the grey dunes: typical variant, variant of Gypsophila paniculata, variant of Koeleria glauca, variant of Thymus serpyllum, variant of Epipactis atrorubens and variant of Corynephorus canescens.
Our results show phytosociological differences among five coastal sections due to geomorphology and coastal processes. The most diverse grey dune plant communities occur on the open Baltic Sea coast where all three associations are represented. The most common vegetation type on all coastal sections in Latvia is the typical variant of the Festucetum polesicae. The Epipactis atrorubens variant of this association is widely distributed, too. It has its major occurrences along the Gulf of Riga and the Irbe Strait. The Corniculario aculeatae-Corynephoretum canescentis was found in only two locations. Stands of the Festucetum polesicae var. Koeleria glauca occupy wider areas on old dunes, while the Festucetum polesicae var. Gypsophila paniculata is more typical on young dynamic dunes with intensive sand drift. The results of the phytogeographical analysis of vegetation data show that under the influence of climate, especially with dominance of the oceanic and transformed oceanic air masses, grey dune plant communities on the Latvian coast are mainly sub-oceanic to sub-continental. The most continental community is the Festucetum polesicae var. Koeleria glauca, while the Caricetum arenariae and the Corniculario aculeatae- Corynephoretum canescentis have the strongest oceanic character.
Die Saumgesellschaften im Osten Österreichs sind bisher nur sehr unzureichend dokumentiert. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die möglichst vollständige Erfassung der floristisch und standörtlichen Variationsbreite der Säume auf magerern Standorten im Biosphärenpark Wienerwald. Der Wienerwald ist eines der größten naturnahen Laubwaldgebiete der collinen bis submontanen Stufe in Mitteleuropa. Er liegt am Übergang vom subatlantisch bestimmten mitteleuropäischen zum pannonischen Klima. Auf der Basis von 132 neu erhobenen Vegetationsaufnahmen wurde eine TWINSPAN-Klassifikation durchgeführt. Die Korrelation der standörtlichen Parameter mit der Artenzusammensetzung wurde in einer kanonischen Korrespondenzanalyse (CCA) analysiert. Zur syntaxonomischen Interpretation wurden auch Aufnahmen aus der Literatur hinzugefügt. - Im Gebiet am weitesten verbreitet ist der Verband Trifolion medii. Gesellschaften des Verbandes Geranion sanguinei sind im Vergleich dazu seltener und bevorzugen die warmen Randlagen des Wienerwaldes. Es werden einige Probleme in der syntaxonomischen Gliederung der beiden Verbände diskutiert.