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Die Unterschiede zwischen den jüngst in Europa nachgewiesenen Thamnobryum subserratum, welches unter diesem Namen aus Japan und als Th. allegheniense aus Nordamerika bekannt ist, sowie dem zuvor nur aus dem westlichen Nordamerika bekannten Thamnobryum neckeroides und dem heimischen Thamnobryum alopecurum sind nach der Literatur zusammengestellt und an Hand von Herbarmaterial illustriert. Die Variabilität von Thamnobryum alopecurum ist diskutiert.
In contrast to the US and recently Europe, Japan appears to be unsuccessful in establishing new industries. An oft-cited example is Japan's practical invisibility in the global business software sector. Literature has ascribed Japan's weakness – or conversely, America's strength – to the specific institutional settings and competences of actors within the respective national innovation system. It has additionally been argued that unlike the American innovation system, with its proven ability to give birth to new industries, the inherent path dependency of the Japanese innovation system makes innovation and establishment of new industries quite difficult. However, there are two notable weaknesses underlying current propositions postulating that only certain innovation systems enable the creation of new industries: first, they mistakenly confound context specific with general empirical observations. And second, they grossly underestimate – or altogether fail to examine – the dynamics within innovation systems. This paper will show that it is precisely the dynamics within innovation systems – dynamics founded on the concept of path plasticity – which have enabled Japan to charge forward as a global leader in a highly innovative field: the game software sector as well as the biotechnology industry.
This paper reviews the rationale for quantitative easing when central bank policy rates reach near zero levels in light of recent announcements regarding direct asset purchases by the Bank of England, the Bank of Japan, the U.S. Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank. Empirical evidence from the previous period of quantitative easing in Japan between 2001 and 2006 is presented. During this earlier period the Bank of Japan was able to expand the monetary base very quickly and significantly. Quantitative easing translated into a greater and more lasting expansion of M1 relative to nominal GDP. Deflation subsided by 2005. As soon as inflation appeared to stabilize near a rate of zero, the Bank of Japan rapidly reduced the monetary base as a share of nominal income as it had announced in 2001. The Bank was able to exit from extensive quantitative easing within less than a year. Some implications for the current situation in Europe and the United States are discussed.
Pinkus : gefallene Engel
(2009)
Egal, wie man seine Vertreter nennt - ob "Pinku eiga", "roman porno" oder "ero guro": Das Reich des japanischen Erotikfilms ist hierzulande fernab Nagisa Oshimas und der Tokugawa-Streifen immer noch weitgehend unerforscht. Dabei stellt es unter anderem ein Sprungbrett für viele junge Filmemacher dar. Marcus Stiglegger berichtet über die Revolte des Fleisches unter der Roten Sonne.