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Review of Synapsis Bates (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Coprini), with description of a new species
(2010)
Presented are a checklist, a discussion of and keys to species groups and their constituent species, and a description of one new species: Synapsis horaki. The species Synapsis cambeforti Krikken and S. thoas Sharp are synonymized with S. ritsemae Lansberge, Balthasar’s synonymy of S. yunnana Arrow with S. tridens Sharp is revived, and the status of six recently described species is left unresolved because of insufficient data.
Grace in Sikhism
(2010)
As in all other religions there are two contrary streaming in Sikhism too. One teaches that meaning and value of human existence depends on the human works which we call the operative model. The other streaming preaches that the Holy’s grace is the substance of men’s ultimate destination, and it alone gives meaning to their existence; this position we call the receptive model. As the third streaming we can identify the doctrine of conditioned gratification which means that the humans get Divine support for achieving the salvation of their souls. This third one is obviously the predominant model in all religions. The religious books of the Sikhs have incorporated all positions. Therefore they are widespread and popular. Everybody finds what suits to him. We will reconstruct the receptive model as it is shown in Nitnem, where the daily prayers od the Sikhs are collected.
Polillo is a small group of island (27 islands in total) east of central Luzon (Figure 1). It is made up of four main island viz. Polillo I, Patnanungan I, Jomalig I and Palasan I and several islets. This island group has relatively flat to gentle sloping terrain and the highest point is only 300 m asl (Mt. Maluhod) in Polillo Island (ca 700 km²) which is the largest in the group and the third largest island in greater Luzon biogeographic region.
Polillo Island is the largest among the Polillo group of islands. It is the third (ca 700sq km) largest island of the Luzon biogeographic region. The island lies in central eastern Luzon, at the western edge of Pacific Ocean and has a seasonal climate with distinct dry and wet season. The island is biologically rich with several insular species or subspecies (McGregor, 1910; Robinson, 1911; Manuel, 1957). The recent Odonata survey revealed the rich Odonata fauna of the island (Villanueva, 2010). This paper provides an update on the known Odonata based on recent fieldwork in 2010.
The species of the genus Lathropus Erichson are reviewed for Florida and the West Indies, excluding the Lesser Antilles. Seven species are recorded from this region, three of which are described as new: Lathropus chickcharnie Thomas, new species, Lathropus jamaicensis Thomas, new species, and Lathropus rhabdophloeoides Thomas, new species. A lectotype is designated for Lathropus vernalis Casey, and Lathropus striatus Casey is synonymized under Lathropus vernalis Casey, new synonymy. Illustrations and a key to the species of this geographgic region are provided.
An updated checklist of the Cerambycidae of Costa Rica is presented. This new version includes 1,071 species and subspecies in 429 genera, 69 tribes, and six subfamilies. Of these, 181 are new country records and 136 species are known only from Costa Rica. In addition, provincial distribution data are provided for each species. The checklist supports a wealth of scientific literature in many other groups of flora and fauna indicating Costa Rica has high species richness of cerambycid beetles.
Ten species of antlions are confirmed as present in Paraguay and seven additional species are suspected to be present there. All of the species are found also in Argentina and Brazil except for Eremoleon pulchra (Esben- Petersen) which is endemic to Paraguay. A key to the adults is provided as well as distributional data for Paraguay with two new country records (Ameromyia dimidiata Navás and Austroleon dispar (Banks)).
The authorship and type species of the genera Acentroptera and Metazycera are reviewed. The correct author of Acentroptera is Guérin-Méneville, 1844; Acentroptera dejeani Guérin-Méneville, 1844, is here designated as the type species. Metazycera is the correct spelling of the genus described by Chevrolat, 1837; the type species is Hispa trimaculata Olivier, 1808, by monotypy; Metaxycera Baly, 1864 is an unjustified emendation.