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In der österreichischen Literatur entwickelte sich zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhundertskeine literarische Bewegung, die mit der deutschen Romantik vergleichbar wäre. Der Aufenthalt und ausgedehnte Tätigkeiten vieler deutscher Romantiker in Wien jedoch hatten Auswirkungen auf das geistig-kulturelle und literarische Leben in Österreich und führten zu heftigen Debatten und wortgewaltigen Polemiken in der literarischen und journalistischen Szene. Die Aufklärungspostulate hatten in Wien Prämissen gesetzt, die das kulturelle Leben der österreichischen Länder bis weit in das 19. Jahrhundert hinein stark beeinflussten.
This essay argues for the philosophical standing of Walter Benjamin’s early work and posits a deeper continuity between this early work as a philosopher and the subsequent development of his work as a writer. When these fragments are read in proper relation to each other, they reveal for the first time many of the key innovations of Benjamin as a philosopher, as well as his points of influence on Horkheimer and Adorno. His early ‘Program’ critiques the Enlightenment conception of experience as a means for gaining empirical knowledge, and announces the need for a new concept of experience. Benjamin follows through on this program with a method of philosophical enquiry that is by turns fragmentary and constellational, developing a series of provisional notions of experience, which form a constellation with one another: perception, mimesis, language as a medium of experience, observation and memory.