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Die Arterfassung in den Naturschutzgebieten Sachsen-Anhalts weist einen heterogenen Bearbeitungsstand auf. Gerade für die Untersuchungen zur Biodiversität von Naturräumen ist sie aber unerlässlich. Fliegen-Familien spielten dabei bislang zumeist eine untergeordnete Rolle. Dennoch hat die Anzahl der aktiven Dipterologen in Sachsen-Anhalt zugenommen und erste Arbeitsergebnisse wurden als Checklisten (Frank & Neumann, 1999) sowie Rote Listen (Landesamt für Umweltschutz Sachsen-Anhalt 2004) dokumentiert. Weiterhin gibt es aber Fliegenfamilien, die trotz der relativen Häufigkeit zahlreicher Arten deutliche Erfassungsdefizite aufweisen oder gänzlich unbearbeitet sind. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit soll die Dipterenfauna des Naturschutzgebiets (NSG) „Sprohne“ und seiner geplanten Erweiterungsflächen vorgestellt werden.
Background: More than 170 species of tabanids are known in Europe, with many occurring only in limited areas or having become very rare in the last decades. They continue to spread various diseases in animals and are responsible for livestock losses in developing countries. The current monitoring and recording of horseflies is mainly conducted throughout central Europe, with varying degrees of frequency depending on the country. To the detriment of tabanid research, little cooperation exists between western European and Eurasian countries.
Methods: For these reasons, we have compiled available sources in order to generate as complete a dataset as possible of six horsefly species common in Europe. We chose Haematopota pluvialis, Chrysops relictus, C. caecutiens, Tabanus bromius, T. bovinus and T. sudeticus as ubiquitous and abundant species within Europe. The aim of this study is to estimate the distribution, land cover usage and niches of these species. We used a surface-range envelope (SRE) model in accordance with our hypothesis of an underestimated distribution based on Eurocentric monitoring regimes.
Results: Our results show that all six species have a wide range in Eurasia, have a broad climatic niche and can therefore be considered as widespread generalists. Areas with modelled habitat suitability cover the observed distribution and go far beyond these. This supports our assumption that the current state of tabanid monitoring and the recorded distribution significantly underestimates the actual distribution. Our results show that the species can withstand extreme weather and climatic conditions and can be found in areas with only a few frost-free months per year. Additionally, our results reveal that species prefer certain land-cover environments and avoid other land-cover types.
Conclusions: The SRE model is an effective tool to calculate the distribution of species that are well monitored in some areas but poorly in others. Our results support the hypothesis that the available distribution data underestimate the actual distribution of the surveyed species.