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Alter Flugplatz Karlsruhe
(2008)
TABLE OF CONTENTS (here without authors) Introduction 1. Em Busca dos Sítios do Poder na África Centro Ocidental. Homens e Caminhos, Exércitos e Estradas (1483-1915) 2. The Supply and Deployment of Horses in Angolan Warfare (17th and 18th Centuries) 3. Wagon Technology, Transport and Long-distance Communication in Angola 1885-1908 4. Trade, Slavery, and Migration in the Interior of Benguela: The Case of Caconda, 1830-1870 5. The Economics of the Kwango Rubber Trade, c. 1900 6. As Vias de Comunicação e Meios de Transporte como Factores de Globalização, de Estabilidade Política e de Transformação Económica e Social: Caso do Caminho-de-ferro de Bengela (Benguela) (1889-1950) 7. Nas Malhas da Rede: Aspectos do impacto económicoe social do transporte rodoviário na região do Huambo c. 1920-c. 1960 8. Communications between Angola and East Central Africa Before c. 1700 9. Long-distance Caravans and Communication beyond the Kwango (c. 1850-1890) 10. A Escrita em Angola: Comunicação e Ruído entre as Diferentes Sociedades em Presença 11. Escrever o Poder: Os Autos de Vassalagem e a Vulgarização da Escrita entre as Elites Africanas Ndembu 12. Do Passado ao Presente: Tráfego Comercial e Redes de Comunicação, Factores Privilegiados de “Modernidade” 13. Refugees on Routes. Congo / Zaire and the War in Northern Angola (1961-1974) 14. Crossing the River: Myth and Movement in Central Africa 15. From Group Mobility to Individual Movement: The Colonial Effort to Turn Back History Notes on Contributors
Armee et politique au Niger
(2008)
Niger's political history has lacked a synthesis on the army's involvement in politics since independence. The country is a fertile ground for such analysis. Between 1964 and 1999, the country witnessed three successful military coups during the democratisation process (April 1974, January 1996, and April 1999) and at least four military coup attempts (1964, 1975, 1976, 1983). In its forty years of independence, Niger has been under military rule for twenty-one years. It has also experienced seven different institutional regimes while four out of the six presidents who headed the country were soldiers. Niger evolved from the Second to the Fifth Republic in less than ten years - from the national conference (November 1991) to the last military coup (April 1999). In statistical terms, Niger has been witnessing a military coup or a military coup attempt every five-years since 1974. In addition to that, the country recorded seven mutinies and various other forms of troop rebellion between December 1963 and August 2000. In terms of institutional instability, Niger's record is unparalleled in Africa. A study on the army is therefore more needed than ever before. The recurrence with which the military appears on the political scene imposes another way of looking at Niger's army. A critical analysis of the military phenomenon, if not an assessment, would help envisage new prospects for Niger's future. This work, which was undertaken by a multi disciplinary team, suggests an analysis, from a historical and sociological perspective, of the long-standing involvement of the army in politics (the apparition of war leaders in the 19th century, the transition from colonial army to national army, the politicisation of the army and the emergence of 'military-politicians', the army sociology.). It aims at providing an answer to a key question: Why is the army so deeply involved in politics in Niger? It reveals how a significant military component has been gradually built up in Niger's political arena to become a highly dynamic political entrepreneur, able to compete with civilian politicians. The work shows, on the one hand, the significance of socio-political and economic contexts that promote the propensity for military interventionism, and on the other hand the transformations within the army that explain its propensity to intervene. It relates two decades of 'military rule', analyses their modes of legitimating, organising and managing power, gives an assessment of their economic policies and sheds light on women's role in that institution, which was thus far a men's business.
Babi Yar Symphony
(2008)
This unique work lifts the African question out of the dust. Against the backdrop of prison life, it explores the complex reality of being an African in today's world. Through the tight sensitivity and illuminating knowledge of its two principal characters, themselves victims of misplaced justice, greed and lust, it captures the pain and sadness that almost always comes in the wake of betrayal and egotism. The work's message is strong, and is delivered with equal strength by characters whose individual convictions also sway us to their side. We have here a new, powerful shaft of light on the landscape of recent African writing.
The Bay of Diego-Suarez, considered to be one of the finest and largest natural harbours in the world, is located towards the northernmost tip of Madagascar in the Antsiranana province. Despite its historical and current use as a port, much of its convoluted perimeter is still somewhat untouched, harbouring pristine shorelines and subtidal coral reefs. The position of the bay between other regions in which high marine biodiversity has already been revealed suggests that it may also harbour high biodiversity. However, the relatively long coastline and limited connectivity of the bay with the Indian Ocean, in combination with existing anthropogenic activities, potentially make its marine environments susceptible to a range of environmental impacts including sedimentation, nutrification and pollution. The Frontier-Madagascar Marine Research Programme (FMMRP) became involved in conducting marine ecological survey work in the Bay of Diego-Suarez, north Madagascar, in April 2005, having relocated from its previous base at Anakao in southwest Madagascar. The rationale for the survey programme stemmed from the affiliation of the FMMRP with the Malagasy organisations Association Nationale pour la Gestion des Aires Protégées (ANGAP) and Service d’Appui a la Gestion de l’Environnement (SAGE), who were interested in identifying areas of the bay with particularly healthy coral reef systems. Additional environmental interest in the bay has arisen as a result of its proximity to surrounding terrestrial protected areas such as the newly managed Ramena complex, incorporating Orangea and Montagne des Français, and also Montagne d’Ambre. Since its relocation to the Diego-Suarez area, the FMMRP has compiled over two years’ worth of marine ecological data relating to benthic community composition, fish species abundance and population size structure, frequency of algae and invertebrate indicator species, and physical environmental parameters. Thus there exists an extensive dataset for the Bay of Diego-Suarez, from which details of the current condition of its marine habitats can be investigated and a baseline for temporal monitoring can be established. The primary purpose of this report is to signify the initial detailed dissection of the dataset and demonstrate the conclusions that can be made regarding the ecological status of coral reef systems within the bay. This has mostly involved the examination of benthic data, focusing upon variations in percentage cover of substrata and coral community characteristics as useful structural indicators of reef condition. Additionally, the report includes an assessment of the abundance and distribution of sea urchins and their relation to benthic community patterns, as a demonstration of the ability to interrelate different aspect of the FMMRP dataset to enhance the conclusions that can be drawn. Benthic community data were obtained from 380 line intercept transects conducted in different sectors of the Bay of Diego-Suarez between October 2005 and December 2007, representing a combined distance of 7,600 m. Sediment occupied the greatest overall proportion of the benthos (around 38%), especially in the western areas of the bay. Overall mean hard coral cover was around 15%, and tended to co-vary with other ‘hard’ substrata such as rock and rubble. In total, 38 scleractinian coral genera were recorded during survey work, in addition to a number of unidentified genera. The coral communities of the bay were dominated by Acropora and Porites spp., which comprised around 33% and 20% of total recorded hard coral cover, respectively. Hard coral cover and generic diversity appeared to be positively related. These indicators were greatest in the northeast area opposite the mouth of the bay, reaching mean values of around 37% and 6.8 genera, respectively. Here, the hard coral community was dominated by Acropora spp. and comprised a relatively high proportional cover of Galaxea spp. In the northwest of the bay, coral cover was approximately half as great and consisted primarily of species belonging to the genera Porites and Millepora. Habitats in this area were highly similar in terms of their overall coral community composition. Hard coral cover and diversity were generally lower in the southern portion of the bay, especially in more immediate proximity to the population centre of Diego-Suarez (around 2% and 1.5- 5.5 genera, respectively). Coral community composition was considerably more variable than in the northern portion of the bay. v After sediment and ‘hard’ substrata, seagrass formed the next major interplaying component of the benthic environment (around 10% overall proportional cover). The easternmost areas adjacent to the mouth of the bay were characterised by high seagrass cover, whic h reached around 48%. Little or no seagrass was encountered elsewhere, except at one locality in the northwest (around 13% cover). Macroalgae cover was low and less variable, reaching a maximum value of around 10% adjacent to Diego-Suarez. There were no differences between island and mainland sites in terms of overall benthic substratum characteristics, yet soft coral cover was significantly greater amongst island sectors. Sea urchin abundance data were obtained from 498 belt transects conducted between April 2006 and December 2007, representing a total area of 49,800 m2. A total of 6 species were recorded, of which Diadema setosum comprised by far the greatest relative abundance (96%) and observation frequency (55%). The greatest population densities of this species were encountered in the more exposed areas in the west and northwest, reaching around 1.5 m-2, and very few individuals were recorded in the eastern reaches. Data suggest a possible seasonal increase in D. setosum densities, corresponding with an increase in water temperature towards the end of the year. No significant correlation existed between D. setosum population density and coral cover, although these seemed to be inversely related in the central northern area of the bay. There was also no significant correlation with macroalgae cover. However, D. setosum density was positively and negatively associated with rubble and seagrass cover, respectively. There was a lack of a clear pattern amongst sectors with respect to overall benthic community characteristics, let alone between the density of D. setosum and benthic substratum composition. In conclusion, a relatively detailed map of benthic community composition has been produced for the Bay of Diego-Suarez, which shall be useful in elucidating the primary factors determining the condition of marine environments within the bay and developing effective sustainable management strategies. Further analysis, incorporating additional components of the FMMRP dataset, is required in order to further clarify our understanding of the key issues surrounding the current status of these coral reef systems. It is hoped that continued survey work will enable important long-term ecological monitoring of the marine environment of the bay and assessment of the effectiveness of any management initiatives that may be implemented.
Beschäftigungsprognose 2009/2010 für die Region Rhein-Main :
IWAK-Betriebsbefragung im Herbst 2008
(2008)
Nach der aktuellen Beschäftigungsprognose für die Region Rhein-Main ist bis Ende 2009 mit stagnierenden Beschäftigtenzahlen zu rechnen. Dies gilt sowohl für die Gesamtbeschäftigung als auch für die sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung.
Eine dramatische Verschlechterung der Situation auf dem Arbeitsmarkt in der Region ist damit nicht zu erwarten. Dies erscheint angesichts der aktuellen Abschwächung der wirtschaftlichen Aktivität und der immer pessimistischer werdenden Wachstumsprognosen etwas überraschend, steht aber im Einklang mit den Regionalprognosen des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung (IAB). Auch dort wird (für Hessen) für das Jahr 2009 von einer stagnierenden Beschäftigung ausgegangen.
Die tatsächlichen Wirkungen des Abschwungs auf den Arbeits markt hängen jedoch nicht nur von seinem Ausmaß, sondern auch von seiner Dauer ab. Die Betriebe in der Region Rhein-Main, das hat die 2-Jahresprognose gezeigt, gehen nur von einer kurzen Schwächeperiode der Wirtschaft aus, die im Jahr 2010 nach ihrer Einschätzung bereits wieder überwunden sein und sich entsprechend in einer Zunahme der Arbeitskräftenachfrage im Jahr 2010 niederschlagen wird (Prognose für 2010: +0,7%).Es ist hier aber zu berücksichtigen, dass auch die Betriebe ihre Erwartungen unter sehr hohen Unsicherheiten formulieren. Falls sich diese kurzfristig nicht erfüllen, d.h. die Krise doch länger andauert als gegenwärtig erwartet, wird sich dies auch auf dem Arbeitsmarkt in der Region Rhein-Main niederschlagen. Des Weiteren bleibt festzuhalten, dass die Region Rhein-Main ihre kurzfristige Stabilität in den Beschäftigtenzahlen überwiegend einem Sektor, den Dienstleistungen für Unternehmen, zu verdanken hat. Andere wichtige Branchen in der Region, wie das Kreditgewerbe und Versicherungsinstitute oder das Verarbeitende Gewerbe, gehen dagegen für 2009 schon von einem spürbaren Beschäftigungsrückgang aus. Falls sich die negativen Entwicklungen auf den Dienstleistungssektor übertragen, ist auch in der Region Rhein-Main mit einem Beschäftigungseinbruch zu rechnen. Negativ ist des Weiteren die Entwicklung bei den Kleinstbetrieben zu bewerten. Diese haben in den letzten Jahren nicht unerheblich zur Beschäftigungsstabilität bzw. zum Beschäftigungsanstieg der Region Rhein-Main beigetragen. Aktuell zeichnen sie sich jedoch durch die schlechteste Prognose aller Betriebsgrößenklassen aus.
Über die Bedeutung von kontinuierlichen Weiterbildungsaktivitäten besteht ein breiter Konsens: Sie sind aus betrieblicher Sicht unerlässlich zur Sicherung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, zur Bewältigung des technisch-organisatorischen Wandels und zur Erreichung notwendiger Innovationen und Produktivitätssteigerungen. Aus Sicht der Erwerbspersonen wiederum reicht eine (falls vorhandene) berufliche Erstausbildung angesichts der dynamischen Prozesse in der Arbeitswelt häufig nicht mehr aus, um Beschäftigung und Einkommen langfristig zu sichern. Immer wieder postuliert wird daher die Notwendigkeit lebenslangen Lernens.
Gerade der beruflichen Weiterbildung wird daher von verschiedener Seite eine Schlüsselrolle für die gesamte Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitik zugesprochen (vgl. Bellmann/Büchel 2001). Die Erkenntnis der besonderen Bedeutung beruflicher Weiterbildung ist nicht neu. Umso erstaunlicher ist die mangelhafte Informationsgrundlage über Art, Umfang und Intensität beruflicher Weiterbildungsformen. Der Weiterbildungsbereich ist in Deutschland statistisch nur bruchstückhaft erfasst, die vorhandenen Statistiken sind häufig nicht kompatibel und begriffliche Abgrenzungen heterogen bis diffus (vgl. Bellmann 2003). Begibt man sich von einer internationalen (EU) oder nationalen (Deutschland) auf die regionalisierte Ebene der Bundesländer, wird die Datenlage noch dürftiger. Sind national bzw. international inzwischen zumindest einige Berichtsysteme etabliert wie z.B. der Continual Vocational Trainig Survey (CVTS, vgl. zu den Ergebnissen Statistisches Bundesamt 2007), das Berichtsystem Weiterbildung (BSW; vgl. Rosenbladt, Bilger, 2008) oder im Aufbau wie der Adult Education Survey (AES), stehen Daten und Informationen auf Bundesländerebene in wesentlich geringerem Umfang zur Verfügung.
Um (Förder-) Aktivitäten im Bereich der beruflichen Weiterbildung optimiert einsetzen und bewerten zu können, bedarf es jedoch einer möglichst detaillierten Informationsgrundlage über Art und Umfang von Weiterbildungsaktivitäten. Hier setzt das vorliegende Projekt an: Das Institut für Wirtschaft, Arbeit und Kultur führte eine vom Hessischen Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Verkehr und Landesentwicklung geförderte Studie mit dem Ziel durch, eine solche Informationsgrundlage über Art und Umfang betrieblicher Weiterbildung in Hessen zu erhalten. Gleichzeitig sollte ein Konzept zur Etablierung eines „Informationssystems Weiterbildung in Hessen“ erarbeitet werden, welches eine kontinuierliche Berichterstattung über Weiterbildungsaktivitäten in Hessen über einen längeren Zeitraum erlaubt und auch nicht betrieblich finanzierte Weiterbildungsformen berücksichtigt.
Der vorliegende Bericht stellt somit einen ersten Baustein des „Informationssystems Weiterbildung“ dar, der sich auf betriebliche Weiterbildung beschränkt. Hierzu wurde Anfang 2008 eine repräsentative telefonische Betriebsbefragung bei ca. 2.200 hessischen Unternehmen durchgeführt. Des Weitern wurden die Daten des IAB-Betriebspanels Hessen für die Jahre 2001 bis 2007 hinsichtlich der dort vorhandenen Fragen zur betrieblichen Weiterbildung ausgewertet.