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Das Interesse an den literarischen Antworten auf den Krieg war in Österreich nicht besonders ausgeprägt, sonst hätte die Literatur zum Krieg einen größeren Stellenwert als sie hatte und hat – bei den Lesern wie bei den Literaturhistorikern. Es gibt zwar Aufsätzen zu einzelnen Werken, doch es existiert – mit Ausnahme einer Monographie zur Dramatik – bis heute keine umfassende Arbeit zum Thema. Die Ausstellung ‚Verbrechen der Wehrmacht’, die sie begleitende wissenschaftliche Debatte und die durch beide ausgelösten öffentlichen Kontroversen haben unseren Blick auf den Zweiten Weltkrieg entscheidend verändert. Sie haben ihn geschärft für das, was den anderen angetan werden sollte und tatsächlich angetan wurde. Das lässt auch eine Lektüre der Literatur über diesen Krieg nicht unberührt. Was ist vom nationalsozialistischen Vernichtungskrieg gegen diese Personengruppen in der österreichischen Literatur sichtbar? Der folgende Bericht bezieht sich auf die unmittelbare Nachkriegszeit bis zum Abschluss der Staatsvertragsverhandlungen 1955. Dieses politische Datum bildet, wie sich zeigen wird, einen auffallenden Einschnitt.
Measurements of charged pion and kaon production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 40, 80 and 158 AGeV are presented. These are compared with data at lower and higher energies as well as with results from p+p interactions. The mean pion multiplicity per wounded nucleon increases approximately linearly with s_NN^1/4 with a change of slope starting in the region 15-40 AGeV. The change from pion suppression with respect to p+p interactions, as observed at low collision energies, to pion enhancement at high energies occurs at about 40 AGeV. A non-monotonic energy dependence of the ratio of K^+ to pi^+ yields is observed, with a maximum close to 40 AGeV and an indication of a nearly constant value at higher energies.The measured dependences may be related to an increase of the entropy production and a decrease of the strangeness to entropy ratio in central Pb+Pb collisions in the low SPS energy range, which is consistent with the hypothesis that a transient state of deconfined matter is created above these energies. Other interpretations of the data are also discussed.
Rapidity distributions for Lambda and anti-Lambda hyperons in central Pb-Pb collisions at 40, 80 and 158 AGeV and for K 0 s mesons at 158 AGeV are presented. The lambda multiplicities are studied as a function of collision energy together with AGS and RHIC measurements and compared to model predictions. A different energy dependence of the Lambda/pi and anti-Lambda/pi is observed. The anti-Lambda/Lambda ratio shows a steep increase with collision energy. Evidence for a anti-Lambda/anti-p ratio greater than 1 is found at 40 AGeV.
Rapidity distributions for $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda}$ hyperons in central Pb-Pb collisions at 40, 80 and 158 A$\cdot$GeV and for ${\rm K}_{s}^{0}$ mesons at 158 A$\cdot$GeV are presented. The lambda multiplicities are studied as a function of collision energy together with AGS and RHIC measurements and compared to model predictions. A different energy dependence of the $\Lambda/\pi$ and $\bar{\Lambda}/\pi$ is observed. The $\bar{\Lambda}/\Lambda$ ratio shows a steep increase with collision energy. Evidence for a $\bar{\Lambda}/\bar{\rm p}$ ratio greater than 1 is found at 40 A$\cdot$GeV.
We discuss the possibility of producing a new kind of nuclear system by putting a few antibaryons inside ordinary nuclei. The structure of such systems is calculated within the relativistic mean field model assuming that the nucleon and antinucleon potentials are related by the G parity transformation. The presence of antinucleons leads to decreasing vector potential and increasing scalar potential for the nucleons. As a result, a strongly bound system of high density is formed. Due to the significant reduction of the available phase space the annihilation probability might be strongly suppressed in such systems.
A canonical partition function for the two-component excluded volume model is derived, leading to two di erent van der Waals approximations. The one is known as the Lorentz-Berthelot mixture and the other has been proposed recently. Both models are analysed in the canonical and grand canonical ensemble. In comparison with the one-component van der Waals excluded volume model the suppression of particle densities is reduced in these two-component formulations, but in two essentially di erent ways. Presently used multi-component models have no such reduction. They are shown to be not correct when used for components with di erent hard-core radii. For high temperatures the excluded volume interaction is refined by accounting for the Lorentz contraction of the spherical excluded volumes, which leads to a distinct enhancement of lighter particles. The resulting e ects on pion yield ratios are studied for AGS and SPS data.
The lightest supersymmetric particle, most likely the lightest neutralino, is one of the most prominent particle candidates for cold dark matter (CDM). We show that the primordial spectrum of density fluctuations in neutralino CDM has a sharp cut-off, induced by two different damping mechanisms. During the kinetic decoupling of neutralinos, non-equilibrium processes constitute viscosity effects, which damp or even absorb density perturbations in CDM. After the last scattering of neutralinos, free streaming induces neutralino flows from overdense to underdense regions of space. Both damping mechanisms together define a minimal mass scale for perturbations in neutralino CDM, before the inhomogeneities enter the non- linear epoch of structure formation. We find that the very first gravitationally bound neutralino clouds ought to have masses above 10-6M , which is six orders of magnitude above the mass of possible axion miniclusters.
Der Liebesbrief des 20. Jahrhunderts ist Ausdruck einer konkreten lebensweltlichen und historisch zu verortenden Praxis der Liebeskommunikation. Liebesbriefe sind Brautbriefe, Liebesbekenntnisse, Berichte aus dem Alltag, Soldatenbriefe, Vereinbarungen von Treffen, E-Mail-Korrespondenzen, Flirtbriefe und Zettelchen – es gibt eine reiche Palette an Funktionen und Typen. Im Hinblick auf eine Geschichte des Liebesbriefs im 20. Jahrhunderts zeigte sich, dass im Liebesbrief neben der Liebeserklärung auch „Beziehungsarbeit“ und besonders aber die Konstruktion von Intimität eine zentrale Rolle spielt. Die Kritik an der Sprache der Liebe und des Liebesbriefs (des 19. Jahrhunderts) kann bereits in den 1920er Jahren beobachtet werden. Zu einem Codewechsel kommt es in Briefen der 1960er Jahre. Die Schriftlichkeit des Liebesbriefs entfernt sich allmählich von einer ausschließlichen Schreibschriftlichkeit. Der Liebesbrief wird mehr und mehr zu einem Sprache-Bild-Text. Die neuen Medien der Liebesschriftlichkeit zeigen eine Mediatisierung auch im Bereich des Liebesdiskurses: neben neuen Liebesbrieftypen, wie dem Flirtbrief, bilden sich neue Liebesbeziehungstypen heraus. Darüber hinaus fungieren die neuen Medien immer schon selbstreflexiv als Metakommunikatoren der Modernität.
The non-equilibrium quantum field dynamics is usually described in the closed-time-path formalism. The initial state correlations are introduced into the generating functional by non-local source terms. We propose a functional approach to the Dyson-Schwinger equation, which treats the non-local and local source terms in the same way. In this approach, the generating functional is formulated for the connected Green functions and one-particle-irreducible vertices. The great advantages of our approach over the widely used two-particle-irreducible method are that it is much simpler and that it is easy to implement the procedure in a computer program to automatically generate the Feynman diagrams for a given process. The method is then applied to a pure gluon plasma to derive the gauge-covariant transport equation from the Dyson-Schwinger equation in the background covariant gauge. We discuss the structure of the kinetic equation and show its relationship with the classical one. We derive the gauge-covariant collision part and present an approximation in the vicinity of equilibrium. The role of the non-local source kernel in the non-equilibrium system is discussed in the context of a free scalar field. PACS numbers: 12.38.Mh, 25.75.-q, 24.85.+p, 11.15.Kc
The transverse mass spectra of Omega hyperons and phi mesons measured recently by STAR Collaboration in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 130 GeV are described within a hydrodynamic model of the quark gluon plasma expansion and hadronization. The flow parameters at the plasma hadronization extracted by fitting these data are used to predict the transverse mass spectra of J/psi and psi' mesons.