Refine
Year of publication
- 2007 (99) (remove)
Document Type
- Working Paper (99) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (99)
Keywords
- Deutschland (9)
- Geldpolitik (5)
- Haushalt (5)
- insurance (4)
- European Central Bank (3)
- Europäische Zentralbank (3)
- Sparen (3)
- Sticky Prices (3)
- monetary policy (3)
- portfolio choice (3)
Institute
We introduce a multivariate multiplicative error model which is driven by componentspecific observation driven dynamics as well as a common latent autoregressive factor. The model is designed to explicitly account for (information driven) common factor dynamics as well as idiosyncratic effects in the processes of high-frequency return volatilities, trade sizes and trading intensities. The model is estimated by simulated maximum likelihood using efficient importance sampling. Analyzing five minutes data from four liquid stocks traded at the New York Stock Exchange, we find that volatilities, volumes and intensities are driven by idiosyncratic dynamics as well as a highly persistent common factor capturing most causal relations and cross-dependencies between the individual variables. This confirms economic theory and suggests more parsimonious specifications of high-dimensional trading processes. It turns out that common shocks affect the return volatility and the trading volume rather than the trading intensity. JEL Classification: C15, C32, C52
Exchanges in Europe are in a process of consolidation. After the failure of the proposed merger between Deutsche Börse and Euronext, these two groups are likely to become the nuclei for further mergers and co-operation with currently independent exchanges. A decision for one of the groups entails a decision for the respective trading platform. Against that background we evaluate the attractiveness of the two dominant continental European trading systems. Though both are anonymous electronic limit order books, there are important differences in the trading protocols. We use a matched-sample approach to compare execution costs in Euronext Paris and Xetra. We find that both quoted and effective spreads are lower in Xetra. When decomposing the spread we find no systematic differences in the adverse selection component. Realized spreads, on the other hand, are significantly higher in Euronext. Neither differences in the number of liquidity provision agreements nor differences in the minimum tick size or in the degree of domestic competition for order flow explain the different spread levels. We thus conclude that Xetra is the more efficient trading system. JEL Classification: G10, G15
Call-by-need lambda calculi with letrec provide a rewritingbased operational semantics for (lazy) call-by-name functional languages. These calculi model the sharing behavior during evaluation more closely than let-based calculi that use a fixpoint combinator. In a previous paper we showed that the copy-transformation is correct for the small calculus LR-Lambda. In this paper we demonstrate that the proof method based on a calculus on infinite trees for showing correctness of instantiation operations can be extended to the calculus LRCC-Lambda with case and constructors, and show that copying at compile-time can be done without restrictions. We also show that the call-by-need and call-by-name strategies are equivalent w.r.t. contextual equivalence. A consequence is correctness of all the transformations like instantiation, inlining, specialization and common subexpression elimination in LRCC-Lambda. We are confident that the method scales up for proving correctness of copy-related transformations in non-deterministic lambda calculi if restricted to "deterministic" subterms.
This paper extends the internal frank report 28 as follows: It is shown that for a call-by-need lambda calculus LRCCP-Lambda extending the calculus LRCC-Lambda by por, i.e in a lambda-calculus with letrec, case, constructors, seq and por, copying can be done without restrictions, and also that call-by-need and call-by-name strategies are equivalent w.r.t. contextual equivalence.
Scholars of institutional design attribute large importance to the choice of new institutions. The comparative analysis of how Rwanda and Zambia crafted their new electoral systems and the systems of government regards procedural, structural and rational choice variables which may influence the option for particular solutions. External influences and the type of transition are determinants that can decide which actors make their interests prevail. The degree of innovation or conservatism of new institutions is mainly a result of the speed of the process and the kind of actors involved. However, rational reflections on how to produce legitimacy and minimize personal risks which take into consideration the state of conflict in the country decide on the speed and on innovative outcomes. The structured analysis of only two cases uncovers already that it is rather difficult to realise the transfer of design recommendations into reality.
This paper analyses cross-border contagion in a sample of European banks from January 1994 to January 2003. We use a multinomial logit model to estimate the number of banks in a given country that experience a large shock on the same day (“coexceedances”) as a function of variables measuring common shocks and coexceedances in other countries. Large shocks are measured by the bottom 95th percentile of the distribution of the first difference in the daily distance to default of the bank. We find evidence in favour of significant cross-border contagion. We also find some evidence that since the introduction of the euro cross-border contagion may have increased. The results seem to be very robust to changes in the specification.
Diese Studie analysiert die deutsche UN-Reformpolitik der letzten Jahre. Im Mittelpunkt steht eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der politischen Zielsetzung, einen nationalen ständigen Sitz für Deutschland im Sicherheitsrat der Vereinten Nationen zu erlangen. Vor dem Hintergrund prominenter Vorschläge zur Reform des Sicherheitsrats wird zunächst die Genese dieses Anspruchs rekonstruiert. In einem weiteren Schritt werden die Positionen wichtiger Verbündeter und Partner untersucht. Dabei wird deutlich, wie wenig Unterstützung Deutschland selbst von seinen wichtigsten Partnern erfährt und wie sehr diese Unterstützung in den letzten Jahren abgenommen hat. Die anschließende Analyse der wichtigsten Argumente für einen ständigen deutschen Sitz zeigt, dass sie einer kritischen Prüfung nicht Stand halten können. Die Studie schließt mit einem Plädoyer und konkreten Vorschlägen für eine Wiederbelebung einer europäischen Option.
Das OLG Hamburg hat kürzlich entschieden, dass in der AG & Co. KG die Mitglieder des Vorstands der Komplementär-AG keinem Wettbewerbsverbot gegenüber der KG unterliegen. Für die Übernahme eines Vorstandsmandats bei dem die Komplementär-AG beherrschenden und mit der KG konkurrierenden Kommanditisten soll daher die Einwilligung des Aufsichtsrats ausreichen. Der Beitrag kommt demgegenüber aufgrund einer kritischen Analyse der Interessenlage und der Argumentation des OLG Hamburg zu dem Ergebnis, dass der Vorstand der Komplementär-AG entsprechend § 112 HGB einem Wettbewerbsverbot gegenüber der KG unterliegt, von dem ihm nur die Gesellschafter der KG Befreiung erteilen können.
We test the menu cost model of Ball and Mankiw (1994, 1995), which implies that the impact of price dispersion on inflation should differ between inflation and deflation episodes, using data for Japan and Hong Kong. We use a random cross-section sample split when calculating the moments of the distribution of price changes to mitigate the small-cross-sectionsample bias noted by Cecchetti and Bryan (1999). The parameter on the third moment is positive and significant in both countries during both the inflation and deflation periods, and the parameter on the second moment changes sign in the deflation period, as the theory predicts. Keywords: inflation, deflation, menu costs, Hong Kong, Japan JEL Numbers: E31