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This paper presents a descriptive overview and formal analysis of the use of pronominal clitics for realizing various types of arguments in Persian, with particular emphasis on object clitics in the verbal domain. We argue that pronominal clitics behave more like suffixes than independent syntactic elements; in cases where they take syntactic scope over an NP or a PP, they must be phrasal affixes. We propose an HPSG analysis to account for the morphosyntactic aspects of verbal suffixation of object clitics, possessive clitics, preverbal object clitics, and clitic doubling constructions. Finally, we explore extensions of the analysis to periphrastic verb forms, and we compare our proposals for Persian to previous HPSG work on clitic phenomena in other languages.
In the Cognate Object Construction (COC) a typically intransitive verb combines with a postverbal noun phrase whose head noun is morphologically or semantically cognate to the verb. I will argue that English has a family of COCs which consists of four different types. The COCs share common core properties but differ with respect to some of their syntactic and semantic properties. I will capture the ''cognateness'' between the verb and the noun in all COCs by token identities at the level of their lexical semantic contribution. I will use an inheritance hierarchy on lexical rule sorts to model the family relations among the different COC types.
Meeting Abstract : Gesellschaft für Arzneimittelanwendungsforschung und Arzneimittelepidemiologie e.V. (GAA). 17. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Arzneimittelanwendungsforschung und Arzneimittelepidemiologie. Osnabrück, 25.-26.11.2010.
ntroduction: Several drugs require dose adjustment in patients with impaired renal function, which however, often goes undetected. Serum creatinine may be normal in patients while renal function is already reduced. The estimated GFR (eGFR) allows a more precise evaluation of the renal function. This study was carried out in a group practice for family medicine, in Frankfurt/ Main, Germany. The exploration aimed at investigating if patients with renal insufficiency were recognised and if their prescriptions were appropriate in terms of dose adjustment or contra-indications.
Methods: In patients (>65yrs) with renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance <60 ml/min), their prescribed medication was retrospectively explored (Observation period 1.1.2008 to 1.4.2009). The Cockroft-Gault formula was used as estimate for the eGFR, using a creatinine value from the patient’s charts. In 90 patients, a second eGFR could be estimated from a second creatinine value obtained within 3-6 months. The recommended dose of each prescription in the SmPC (Fachinformation“) was compared to the dose that had been actually prescribed.
Results: Out of 232 consecutively patients >65 yrs, 102 had an eGFR <60 ml/min, 16 of these had an eGFR <30 ml/min. The eGFR was closely correlated (r2=0.81) with an independent second eGFR. Out of these 102 patients, 48 had a serum creatinine level within the normal range. Renal adjustment was required in 263 of a total of 613 prescriptions. 72 prescriptions in a total of 45 patients were not appropriately adjusted (32) or prescribed despite a contraindication (40). For chronic prescriptions, metformin, ramipril, enalapril, HCTZ, and spironolactone accounted for 70% of inappropriate dosing; the magnitude of misdosing was 1.5 to 4 fold (median 2). 9 temporary prescriptions (of a total of 60 prescriptions) in 8 patients were not adjusted (cefuroxim, cefpodoxim, levofloxacin). We could not prove that patients with normal serum creatinine had a higher rate of inappropriate dosing than those with already elevated creatinine.
Discussion and conclusion: In this GP practice, we have demonstrated a considerable prevalence of inappropriate dosing in patients with impaired renal function. It remains to be elucidated whether surveillance of appropriate dosing in renal impairment can be optimized e.g. with CPOE.
"Dissz concilium hett ein schoenen anfang, aber ein ublen uszgang von nochvolgender zweyung wegen". Diesem Motto – es findet sich in der Schedelschen Weltchronik (f. CCXLIIIr) wie bei dem Basler Chronisten Christoph Offenburg – ist bislang auch die Forschung gefolgt, wenn sie der zweiten Hälfte des Basiliense weitaus weniger Beachtung geschenkt hat als dessen erstem Jahrzehnt bis zur Absetzung Eugens IV. und Erhebung Felix’ V., da es nach 1440 scheinbar nur noch die sich daraus ergebenden negativen Konsequenzen und den schließlichen Misserfolg des gesamten konziliaren Zeitalters zu bilanzieren gibt. Um zu einer differenzierteren Einschätzung zu gelangen, bedarf es – so HERIBERT MÜLLER (Frankfurt am Main/München) – noch breiterer Quellenerschließung sowie der Berücksichtigung einer in den letzten Jahren merklich intensivierten Publikationstätigkeit generell zum Zeitalter des großen Schismas und der Reformkonzilien (bis eben auf die Basler Spätzeit); einer Epoche, die es auch als ganze bei solcher Schlussbilanz selbstverständlich mit einzubeziehen gilt. Diese zahlreichen Veröffentlichungen neueren Datums mögen im Übrigen mit der von Erich Meuthen entwickelten Sicht auf die – lange vorrangig theologisch und strikt kirchenhistorisch untersuchten – großen Konzilien des 15. Jahrhunderts als allgemeinhistorisch relevante Phänomene zusammenhängen. Müller bot sodann eine Vorschau auf die im Rahmen der Tagung behandelten Themen und wies auf sonstige Forschungsfelder hin, die weiterhin der Erschließung harren, wie etwa die bislang nur ungenügend untersuchte Frage einer Rezeption Basler Reformdekrete "stricto sensu" via Provinzial- und Diözesansynoden oder die – oft gebrochenen und daher besonders aufschlussreichen – Biographien von Konzilsvätern aus Spätbasler Zeit und deren Situierung in personellen Verbundnetzen oder aber die Politik jener Mächte, die wie Mailand, Aragón und Polen das Basler Konzil noch in den vierziger Jahren mit in ihr Kalkül einbezogen. Besonderes Augenmerk wäre indes auf Frankreich und das Reich als die für die Liquidation des Basiliense entscheidenden Mächte zu richten, nicht zuletzt auch unter dem Aspekt kompetitiver Konkurrenz (vgl. auch drittes Konzil, Fürstenkongress), der wiederum auf den Umstand konzilsbedingter Ausformung prä- oder protonationaler Faktoren verweist. ...
We present unambiguous evidence from lattice simulations of Nf = 3 QCD for two tricritical points in the (T;m) phase diagram at fixed imaginary m=T = ip=3 mod. 2p=3, one in the light and one in the heavy quark regime. Together with similar results in the literature for Nf = 2 this implies the existence of a chiral and of a deconfinement tricritical line at those values of imaginary chemical potentials. These tricritical lines represent the boundaries of the analytically continued chiral and deconfinement critical surfaces, respectively, which delimit the parameter space with first order phase transitions. It is demonstrated that the shape of the deconfinement critical surface is dictated by tricritical scaling and implies the weakening of the deconfinement transition with real chemical potential. A qualitatively similar effect holds for the chiral critical surface.
The QCD phase diagram as a function of temperature, T, and chemical potential for baryon
number, mB, is still unknown today, due to the sign problem, which prohibits direct Monte Carlo
simulations for non-vanishing baryon density. Investigations in models sharing chiral symmetry
with QCD predict a phase diagram, in which the transition corresponds to a smooth crossover at
zero density, but which is strengthened by chemical potential to turn into a first order transition
beyond some second order critical point. This contribution reviews the lattice evidence in favour
and against the existence of a critical point.
Mazatec is an Eastern Otomanguean language spoken by about 200,000 people, located in the northeastern part of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. The present paper aims to shed new light on Mazatec verb inflection within the framework of current research on Otomanguean phonology and morphology. We intend to show that, despite bewildering apparent complexity, mainly due to extensive morphophonological processes, Mazatec inflectional morphology is in fact rather simple and regular. Realizational approaches, in particular Paradigm Function Morphology (PFM) seem especially adequate to capture such regularities.
Korean comparative constructions: A constraint-based approach and computational implementation
(2010)
The complexity of comparative constructions in each language has given challenges to both theoretical and computational analyses. This paper first identifies types of comparative constructions in Korean and discusses their main grammatical properties. It then builds a syntactic parser couched upon the typed feature structure grammar, HPSG and proposes a context-dependent interpretation for the comparison. To check the feasibility of the proposed analysis, we have implemented the grammar into the existing Korean Resource Grammar. The results show us that the grammar we have developed here is feasible enough to parse Korean comparative sentences and yield proper semantic representations though further development is needed for a finer model for contextual information.
Semitic languages exhibit rich nonconcatenative morphological operations, which can generate a myriad of derived lexemes. Especially, the feature rich, root-driven morphology in the Arabic language demonstrates the construction of several verb-derived nominals (verbal nouns) such as gerunds, active participles, passive participles, locative participles, etc. Although HPSG is a successful syntactic theory, it lacks the representation of complex nonconcatenative morphology. In this paper, we propose a novel HPSG representation for Arabic nominals and various verb-derived nouns. We also present the lexical type hierarchy and derivational rules for generating these verb-derived nominals using the HPSG framework.
Der (...) Beitrag setzt sich strukturell auf drei Ebenen mit Rolf Hochhuths Dramenpoetik auseinander. Erstens wird die gegenläufige Beziehung zwischen ihrem historisch-adäquaten Gestaltungsanspruch und ihrer literarisch-symbolhaften Überformung analysiert. Zweitens wird Hochhuths Verhältnis zu den für ihn poetologisch bedeutsamen Vorgängern Lessing und Schiller untersucht. Drittens geht es um die Frage, welche Konsequenzen sich aus der in den »Guerillas« formulierten Darstellungsabsicht ziehen lassen, der realen Wirklichkeit durch die Projektion einen neuen (literarischen) Wirklichkeit entgegenzutreten.