Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (31482) (remove)
Language
- English (16080)
- German (13394)
- Portuguese (696)
- French (387)
- Croatian (251)
- Spanish (250)
- Italian (134)
- Turkish (113)
- Multiple languages (36)
- Latin (35)
Has Fulltext
- yes (31482)
Keywords
- Deutsch (503)
- taxonomy (454)
- Literatur (299)
- new species (198)
- Hofmannsthal, Hugo von (185)
- Rezeption (178)
- Übersetzung (163)
- Filmmusik (155)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (131)
- Vormärz (117)
Institute
- Medizin (5438)
- Physik (2048)
- Biowissenschaften (1157)
- Biochemie und Chemie (1114)
- Extern (1108)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (812)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (804)
- Geowissenschaften (593)
- Informatik (458)
- Präsidium (453)
Mühlen- und Gräunenberg stellen zwei südexponierte Muschelkalkhänge nördlich der Ortschaft Ottbergen (Stadt Höxter) dar und flankieren das tief in die Muschelkalkplatten des Oberwälder Landes eingeschnittene Nethetal. Beide Gebiete gehören zum NSG „Kalkmagerrasen um Ottbergen und Bruchhausen“, das mit seinen insgesamt sieben Teilflächen zu den artenreichsten Schutzgebieten des Kreises Höxter gehört. Die Schutzwürdigkeit des Mühlen- und Gräunenberges wird auch durch die Ausweisung der Flächen zum FFH-Gebiet im Jahr 2004 (zusammen mit den benachbarten Flächen Stock- und Kahlenberg) unterstrichen. Charakteristische Landschaftselemente der Gebiete sind Kalkmagerrasen unterschiedlicher Ausprägung in enger Verzahnung mit Magerweiden, wärmeliebenden Säumen und Gebüschen, Waldrändern und Buchenwäldern. Viele der auf den Kalkmagerrasen vorkommenden wärmeliebenden Tier- und Pflanzenarten befinden sich an ihrer nördlichen Arealgrenze und sind sonst im Kreis Höxter nur südlich der Nethe anzutreffen. Sie finden an den steilen, südexponierten und flachgründigen Hängen ideale Lebensbedingungen. Das besondere Merkmal der Kalkmagerrasen ist ihre ausgesprochene Artenvielfalt. Auf 25 m² Trockenrasen kommen durchschnittlich ca. 1.000 verschiedene Tierarten und mehr als 50 Gefäßpflanzen vor (ZIELONKOWSKI in BEINLICH et al. 2009). Insgesamt dienen sie ca. 17 % der gefährdeten Pflanzenarten, einem Drittel der gefährdeten Tagfalterarten, 25 % der gefährdeten Landschneckenarten und ca. 50 % der Heuschrecken- und Grillenarten als Lebensraum (MIOTK in BEINLICH et al. 2009). Um das fragile Ökosystem der Kalkmagerrasen zu erhalten, sind eine Fortführung der extensiven Beweidung und begleitende naturschutzfachliche Maßnahmen zur Offenhaltung der Flächen unbedingt notwendig. Mehrere am Mühlenberg liegende Flächen sind bereits stark verbracht und werden zum Teil nur noch durch Wildverbiss offen gehalten. Um diese Flächen langfristig zu erhalten, ist eine Wiederaufnahme der Nutzung unablässig. Problematisch gestaltet sich die Pflege einer mittig am Mühlenberg liegenden Privatfläche. Aufgrund der Kleinflächigkeit und des Artenreichtums eignet sich hier Beweidung nicht als Pflegemaßnahme. Stattdessen ist eine Mahd in mehrjährigem Turnus mit Abräumen des Mähgutes (Aushagerung) zielführend. Im Rahmen der von der Autorin im Jahr 2009 erstellten Diplomarbeit „Maßnahmenkonzepte (MAKO) in NRW als Garant für eine zielgerichtete Entwicklung des europäischen Naturerbes? – Kritische Überprüfung eines neuen Planungsinstrumentes am Beispiel des FFHGebietes DE-4221-302 ‚Kalkmagerrasen bei Ottbergen‘“ wurde eine umfangreiche Bestandsaufnahme der wertgebenden Floren- und Faunenelemente des Mühlen- und Gräunenberges vorgenommen. Ziel der Arbeit war es, die Vorgehensweise zur Erstellung eines Managementplans für FFH-Gebiete (MAKO) kritisch zu betrachten und Verbesserungsvorschläge zu entwickeln. Hierzu wurde das MAKO exemplarisch für den Mühlen- und Gräunenberg erstellt. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit sind Grundlage für die folgenden Ausführungen.
"Meine Heimat habe ich behalten", schrieb der 52jährige Hofmannsthal 1926 an den Schweizer Diplomaten Carl Jakob Burckhardt, "aber Vaterland habe ich keins mehr, als Europa" - und er fügte hinzu: "ich muß dies fest erfassen, nur die Klarheit bewahrt vor langsamer Selbstzerstörung. " Selbstzerstörung meint: "den Rest [des] Lebens in unfruchtbarer Verbitterung" darüber zu verlieren, daß mit dem Zusammenbruch Österreichs so viel Erhaltenswertes und Bewahrenswertes vernichtet wurde. Das Kriegsende hatte Hofmannsthal tief erschüttert: "Welche Welt, in die wir geraten sind", schrieb er: "Das nackte Gebälk tritt hervor und zittert bis in die Grundfeste." In den Jahren, die folgten, wurde ihm zur Gewißheit, daß sich nicht nur die europäische Landkarte verändert hatte, sondern daß die politischen und sozialen Umwälzungen, die dem verlorenen Krieg gefolgt waren, eine neue geistige Fundierung des alten Kontinents erforderten. Unablässig bewegte ihn die Frage: Was kann politisch und kulturell den Weg in die Zukunft weisen? Die Antwort führte ihn immer wieder zu Europa. Die 'Idee Europa' wurde für ihn zum "umfassendsten und wichtigsten Begriff" seiner Existenz: "[...] ich sehe nicht, welcher der Ströme des wirklichen geistigen Lebens [...] nicht durch eine mutige und nüchterne Geistesoperation gezwungen werden könnte, in das Becken dieses großen Begriffes zu münden."
We analyze the extent to which individual audit partners influence the audited narrative disclosures in their clients’ financial reports. Using a sample of 3,281,423 private and public client firm-pairs, we find that the similarity among audited narrative disclosures is higher when two client firms share the same audit partner. Specifically, we find that the wording similarity of management reports (notes) increases by 30 (48) percent, the content similarity by 29 (49) percent, and the structure similarity by 48 (121) percent. Moreover, we find that audit partners in particular are relevant for their clients’ narrative disclosures because the increase in narrative disclosure similarity when sharing the same audit partner is nine (four) times greater than when sharing the same audit firm (audit office). We show that this influence of audit partners goes beyond adding boilerplate statements and, using novel field evidence, we shed light on the underlying mechanisms. Our findings are economically relevant because a stronger involvement of audit partners with their clients’ narratives is associated with a higher quality of narrative disclosures, which helps users better predict the future profitability of client firms.
Musculoskeletal disorders of the trunk and neck are common among cleaners. Vacuum cleaning is a demanding activity. The aim of this study was to present the movement profile of the trunk and neck during habitual vacuuming. The data were collected from 31 subjects (21f./10 m) using a 3D motion analysis system (Xsens). 10 cycles were analysed in vacuuming PVC and carpet floors with 8 vacuum cleaners. The joint angles and velocities were represented statistically descriptive. When vacuuming, the trunk is held in a forwardly inclined position by a flexion in the hip and rotated from this position. In the joint angles and velocities of the spine, the rotation proved to be dominant. A relatively large amount of movement took place in the cervical spine and also in the lumbar spine. The shown movement profile is rather a comfort area of vacuuming which may serve as a reference for ergonomics in vacuuming.
Background: Vacuum cleaning, which is associated with musculoskeletal complaints, is frequently carried out in private households and by professional cleaners. The aim of this pilot study was to quantify the movements during habitual vacuuming and to characterize the movement profile with regard to its variability. Methods: The data were collected from 31 subjects (21 f/10 m) using a 3D motion analysis system (XSens). Eight vacuum cleaners were used to vacuum polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and carpet floors. In 15 joints of the right upper extremity, the trunk and the lower extremities, Principal Component Analysis was used to determine the predominantly varying joints during vacuuming. Results: The movements of the trunk and the lower extremities were relatively constant and, therefore, had less influence. The shoulder, elbow and wrist joints were identified as joints that can be decisive for the movement profile and that can be influenced. These joints were represented in the course of the vacuuming cycle by the mean movement with its standard deviation. Conclusion: In summary, the generalization of a movement profile is possible for the trunk and the lower extremities due to the relative homogeneity. In future it will be necessary to identify factors influencing variability in order to draw conclusions about movement ergonomics.
Traditional ergonomic risk assessment tools such as the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) are often not sensitive enough to evaluate well-optimized work routines. An implementation of kinematic data captured by inertial sensors is applied to compare two work routines in dentistry. The surgical dental treatment was performed in two different conditions, which were recorded by means of inertial sensors (Xsens MVN Link). For this purpose, 15 (12 males/3 females) oral and maxillofacial surgeons took part in the study. Data were post processed with costume written MATLAB® routines, including a full implementation of RULA (slightly adjusted to dentistry). For an in-depth comparison, five newly introduced levels of complexity of the RULA analysis were applied, i.e., from lowest complexity to highest: (1) RULA score, (2) relative RULA score distribution, (3) RULA steps score, (4) relative RULA steps score occurrence, and (5) relative angle distribution. With increasing complexity, the number of variables times (the number of resolvable units per variable) increased. In our example, only significant differences between the treatment concepts were observed at levels that are more complex: the relative RULA step score occurrence and the relative angle distribution (level 4 + 5). With the presented approach, an objective and detailed ergonomic analysis is possible. The data-driven approach adds significant additional context to the RULA score evaluation. The presented method captures data, evaluates the full task cycle, and allows different levels of analysis. These points are a clear benefit to a standard, manual assessment of one main body position during a working task.
The aim of this study was to investigate gender-specific influences of different symmetric and asymmetric occlusion conditions on postural control during standing and walking. The study involved 59 healthy adult volunteers (41 f/19 m) aged between 22 and 53 years (30.2 ± 6.3 years). Postural control measurements were carried out using a pressure plate by measuring plantar pressure distribution during standing and walking test conditions. Seven different occlusion conditions were tested. Prior to a MANOVA model analysis, the relationship between the two test conditions were checked using a factor analysis with a varying number of factors (between 2 and 10). The plantar pressure distributions during walking and standing are independent test conditions. The coefficient of variance across all variables between the conditions and genders was not significant: t(46) = 1.51 (p = 0.13). No statement can be made whether, or not, the influence of gender is greater than the influence of the conditions. Healthy male and female test subjects did not show any difference between seven occlusion conditions on the plantar pressure distribution while standing or walking. No differences between the genders were found for any of the investigated variables. In contrast to custom-made occlusion splints, simple cotton rolls appear not to influence the neuromuscular system in a systematic manner.
Background: Temporary occlusal changes and their influence on the upper body statics are still controversially discussed. Furthermore, concrete statements on whether age- or gender-specific differences in neurophysiological reactions exist are missing. Therefore, it is the aim of this study to evaluate the immediate effects of a symmetrical occlusion blocking on the upper body posture. These effects shall be investigated for both genders and for a larger age range.
Methods: In this study, 800 (407f/393 m) subjects volunteered aged from 21 to 60 years. Both genders were divided into four age groups according to decades. The three-dimensional upper body posture was measured by using the rasterstereography (ABW-Bodymapper). The habitual static posture was measured in two dental occlusion conditions (a) in rest position and (b) symmetrical blocking in the bicuspid region by cotton rolls.
Results: A significant reduction of the trunk length (0.72 mm; p < 0.001), an increase of the lumbar (0.30°; p < 0.001) and the thoracic bending angle (0.14°; p = 0.001), a reduction of the spinal forward decline (0.16°; p < 0.001) and a reduction of the scapular distance (0.36 mm; p = 0.001) was found. Gender-specific reactions can only be recorded in scapular distance, in that regard men reduce this distance while over all age groups women did not show a significant change.
Discussion: Slight gender- and age-independent reactions due to a symmetric occlusion blockade are shown: A gender independent reaction of the spinal related variables in the sagittal plane (thoracic and lumbar flexion angle, trunk length, spinal forward decline). In addition, a gender specific change of the shoulder blade distance could be observed, where men reduced the distance while female did not show a change. However, since these reactions are of a minimum amount, it can be concluded that neurophysiological compensation mechanisms work equally well regardless of age and sex, and the upper body posture of healthy people changes only very slightly due to a temporarily symmetrical altered bite position.
Objectives: Symmetrical dental occlusion blocking is used in dentistry as a quick diagnostic tool to test for potential influences of the craniomandibular system on body sway and weight distribution. This study presents the changes of body sway and pressure distribution in healthy subjects, free of a temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). Immediate effects between occlusal blocking and rest position on body sway and body weight distribution in general, as well as for both genders and for four age decades will be evaluated.
Materials and methods: 725 (396f/329 m) subjects (neither subjective signs of TMD nor acute/chronic complaints in the musculoskeletal system) volunteered (21 to 60 years) while both genders were divided into four age groups according to decades. A pressure measuring platform was used. Body sway and weight distribution were recorded in two dental occlusion conditions (a) in rest position and (b) symmetrical blocking (bicuspid region) by cotton rolls.
Results: Both, the frontal sway and the sagittal sway reduced by 0.67 mm (t(724) = − 3.9 (p < 0.001)) and by 0.33 mm (t(724) = − 3.4 (p < 0.001)). The relative pressure under the left forefoot increased by 0.33% (t(724) = 2.88 (p < 0.001)) and the relative pressure overall under the forefoot increased by 0.67% (t(724) = − 3.4 (p < 0.001)). Gender-specific, age-specific and BMI-specific reactions could not be identified.
Conclusions: Subjects, free of any TMD and with no complaints of the musculoskeletal system, show small changes of the body sway and weight distribution when biting symmetrically on a cotton roll. These changes are independent of age, gender or body mass index (BMI). Due to the relative large sample size, the presented results can also be seen as norm values when body sway is used as an additional assessment of a TMD.
Background: As adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are getting older, acquired comorbidities play an important role in morbidity and mortality. Data regarding their prevalence in ACHD that are representative on a population level are not available. Methods: The German National Register for Congenital Heart Defects was screened for ACHD. Underlying congenital heart disease (CHD), patient demographics, previous interventional/surgical interventions, and comorbidities were retrieved. Patients <40 years of age were compared to those ≥40 years. Results: A total of 4673 patients (mean age 33.6 ± 10.7 years, female 47.7%) was included. At least one comorbidity was present in 2882 patients (61.7%) altogether, and in 56.8% of patients below vs. 77.7% of patients over 40 years of age (p < 0.001). Number of comorbidities was higher in patients ≥40 years (2.1 ± 2.1) than in patients <40 years (1.2 ± 1.5, p < 0.001). On multivariable regression analysis, age and CHD complexity were significantly associated with the presence and number of comorbidities. Conclusions: At least one acquired comorbidity is present in approximately two-thirds of ACHD. Age and complexity of the CHD are significantly associated with the presence of comorbidities. These findings highlight the importance of addressing comorbidities in ACHD care to achieve optimal long-term outcomes.