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The influence of the Eastern migration route on the Slovak flora – a comparison after 40 years
(2017)
Transport is an important source of introduction and spread of alien plants into new areas and countries. This study provides comprehensive research of selected railway localities in South-Eastern Slovakia to determine the influence of the Eastern Migration Route on the Slovak flora. Railway transshipment yards in Čierna nad Tisou, Dobrá, Velké Kapušany and Matovce were studied from 1964 to 2013; with historic data sampled 1964–1998 and recent data sampled 2012–2013. These data sets were compared to determine differences in species structure following the decreased use of the transshipment yards.
A total of 657 vascular plant taxa were recorded in all localities (566 taxa in the historic and 431 taxa in the recent data set). Native species prevailed over aliens and archaeophytes over neophytes in both time periods. The most frequent aliens were naturalised taxa, where Asiatic and European species prevailed. The most frequent families were Poaceae, Asteraceae and Brassicaceae, and while many species introduced with Russian wheat were recorded only in the past, several taxa are also recorded only recently. Hemicryptophytes were the most abundant life form. Most recorded species were competitors, reproducing by seed and pollinated by insects. Zoochory and hemerochory were the most frequent dispersal types. The proportion of species traits has not changed over time. We identified 49 threatened taxa (38 in the historic and 27 in the recent data set). The Eastern migration route significantly increases the species number of alien vascular plants in the Slovak flora. Although this route had much greater importance in the past, when the role of the Eastern Slovak trans-shipment railway yards was much higher, the studied yards remain an important gateway to Eastern Central Europe and they continue to support agestochory migration of adventive plants.
Mit Unterstützung der Schopenhauer-Gesellschaft konnte das Archivzentrum der Frankfurter Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg ein wichtiges Dokument zur Geschichte der Familie Schopenhauer aus dem Jahr 1820 erwerben. Die Urkunde wurde auf der 10. Auktion des Historischen Wertpapierhauses vom 2. bis 4. Mai 2008 in Würzburg zur Versteigerung angeboten. Sie belegt, dass der 1766 in Danzig geborenen Johanna Schopenhauer, Mutter des berühmten Frankfurter Philosophen Arthur Schopenhauer (1788 bis 1860), sowie deren Tochter Adele vom wirtschaftlich angeschlagenen Handelshaus Abraham Ludwig Muhl & Co. eine Leibrente von 300 Reichstalern zugesprochen wurde. Johanna und Adele waren in der Folge des Bankrotts des Handelshauses Muhl von 1819 in wirtschaftliche Nöte geraten. Johanna hatte 70 Prozent ihrer gesamten dortigen Einlagen verloren. Der ebenfalls betroffene Arthur Schopenhauer ließ sich nicht auf einen Vergleich des Handelshauses ein und konnte somit – im Gegensatz zu Mutter und Schwester – seine eigenen Finanzanlagen nach dreijähriger intensiver Verhandlung retten. Aufgrund seiner jahrelangen Meinungsverschiedenheiten mit der mütterlichen Hofrätin und Schriftstellerin Johanna verweigerte Arthur in der Folgezeit die finanzielle Unterstützung, so dass Johanna ihren aufwendigen Lebensstil in Jena nicht mehr weiter fi nanzieren konnte. Die Schriftstellerei wurde bis zu ihrem Tod im Jahre 1838 zu ihrer vorrangigen Einnahmequelle. Die Urkunde mit der Signatur Schop, XXVI, 40 ist sehr gut erhalten. Drei der acht Johanna Schopenhauers Rente Wertvolle Urkunde für Schopenhauer-Archiv ersteigert auf Blütenpapier geschriebenen, doppelseitigen Folioseiten wurden handschriftlich verfasst. Sämtliche Seiten sind rechts bestoßen und haben eine Knickfalte. Im Absender wird das Handelshaus Abraham Ludwig Muhl & Co. genannt. Das Archivzentrum freut sich, ein solch zentrales Dokument zur wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung des schwierigen Verhältnisses von Arthur Schopenhauer zu seiner Mutter Johanna Schopenhauer in seinen Beständen zu wissen. Die Vermögens- und Familienverhältnisse der Familie Schopenhauer können anhand der umfangreichen Unterlagen aus dem Nachlass von Arthur Schopenhauer von Montag bis Freitag jeweils von 9.30 bis 16.30 Uhr nach Voranmeldung und im Rahmen der Benutzungsordnung eingehend untersucht werden.
Mit Unterstützung der Schopenhauer-Gesellschaft konnte das Archivzentrum der Frankfurter Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg ein wichtiges Dokument zur Geschichte der Familie Schopenhauer aus dem Jahr 1820 erwerben. Die Urkunde wurde auf der 10. Auktion des Historischen Wertpapierhauses vom 2. bis 4. Mai 2008 in Würzburg zur Versteigerung angeboten. Sie belegt, dass der 1766 in Danzig geborenen Johanna Schopenhauer, Mutter des berühmten Frankfurter Philosophen Arthur Schopenhauer (1788 bis 1860), sowie deren Tochter Adele vom wirtschaftlich angeschlagenen Handelshaus Abraham Ludwig Muhl & Co. eine Leibrente von 300 Reichstalern zugesprochen wurde. Johanna und Adele waren in der Folge des Bankrotts des Handelshauses Muhl von 1819 in wirtschaftliche Nöte geraten. Johanna hatte 70 Prozent ihrer gesamten dortigen Einlagen verloren. Der ebenfalls betroffene Arthur Schopenhauer ließ sich nicht auf einen Vergleich des Handelshauses ein und konnte somit – im Gegensatz zu Mutter und Schwester – seine eigenen Finanzanlagen nach dreijähriger intensiver Verhandlung retten. Aufgrund seiner jahrelangen Meinungsverschiedenheiten mit der mütterlichen Hofrätin und Schriftstellerin Johanna verweigerte Arthur in der Folgezeit die finanzielle Unterstützung, so dass Johanna ihren aufwendigen Lebensstil in Jena nicht mehr weiter fi nanzieren konnte. Die Schriftstellerei wurde bis zu ihrem Tod im Jahre 1838 zu ihrer vorrangigen Einnahmequelle. Die Urkunde mit der Signatur Schop, XXVI, 40 ist sehr gut erhalten. Drei der acht Johanna Schopenhauers Rente Wertvolle Urkunde für Schopenhauer-Archiv ersteigert auf Blütenpapier geschriebenen, doppelseitigen Folioseiten wurden handschriftlich verfasst. Sämtliche Seiten sind rechts bestoßen und haben eine Knickfalte. Im Absender wird das Handelshaus Abraham Ludwig Muhl & Co. genannt. Das Archivzentrum freut sich, ein solch zentrales Dokument zur wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung des schwierigen Verhältnisses von Arthur Schopenhauer zu seiner Mutter Johanna Schopenhauer in seinen Beständen zu wissen. Die Vermögens- und Familienverhältnisse der Familie Schopenhauer können anhand der umfangreichen Unterlagen aus dem Nachlass von Arthur Schopenhauer von Montag bis Freitag jeweils von 9.30 bis 16.30 Uhr nach Voranmeldung und im Rahmen der Benutzungsordnung eingehend untersucht werden.
Bone marrow and plasma FGF‐23 in heart failure patients : novel insights into the heart–bone axis
(2019)
Aims: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF‐23) is known to be elevated in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). As FGF‐23 is expressed in the bone but can also be expressed in the myocardium, the origin of serum FGF‐23 in CHF remains unclear. It is also unclear if FGF‐23 expressed in the bone is associated with outcome in CHF. The aim of the present study was to investigate FGF‐23 levels measured in bone marrow plasma (FGF‐23‐BM) and in peripheral blood (FGF‐23‐P) in CHF patients to gain further insights into the heart–bone axis of FGF‐23 expression. We also investigated possible associations between FGF‐23‐BM as well as FGF‐23‐P and outcome in CHF patients.
Methods and results: We determined FGF‐23‐P and FGF‐23‐BM levels in 203 CHF patients (85% male, mean age 61.3 years) with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤45% and compared them with those of 48 healthy controls (48% male, mean age 39.2 years). We investigated the association between FGF‐23‐BM and FGF‐23‐P with all‐cause mortality in CHF patients, 32 events, median follow‐up 1673 days, interquartile range [923, 1828]. FGF‐23‐P (median 60.3 vs. 22.0 RU/mL, P < 0.001) and FGF‐23‐BM (median 130.7 vs. 93.1 RU/mL, P < 0.001) levels were higher in CHF patients compared with healthy controls. FGF‐23‐BM levels were significantly higher than FGF‐23‐P levels in both CHF patients and in healthy controls (P < 0.001). FGF‐23‐P and FGF‐23‐BM correlated significantly with LVEF (r = −0.37 and r = −0.33, respectively), N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide levels (r = 0.57 and r = 0.6, respectively), New York Heart Association status (r = 0.28 and r = 0.25, respectively), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = −0.43 and r = −0.41, respectively) (P for all <0.001) and were independently associated with all‐cause mortality in CHF patients after adjustment for LVEF, estimated glomerular filtration rate, New York Heart Association status, and N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide, hazard ratio 2.71 [confidence interval: 1.18–6.20], P = 0.018, and hazard ratio 2.80 [confidence interval: 1.19–6.57], P = 0.018, respectively.
Conclusions: In CHF patients, FGF‐23 is elevated in bone marrow plasma and is independently associated with heart failure severity and all‐cause mortality. The failing heart seems to interact via FGF‐23 within a heart–bone axis.
Background: Common ECG criteria such as ST-segment changes are of limited value in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and bundle branch block or wide QRS complex. A large proportion of these patients do not suffer from an AMI, whereas those with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) equivalent AMI benefit from an aggressive treatment. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic information of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in hemodynamically stable patients with wide QRS complex and suspected AMI.
Methods: In 417 out of 1818 patients presenting consecutively between 01/2007 and 12/2008 in a prospective multicenter observational study with suspected AMI a prolonged QRS duration was observed. Of these, n = 117 showed significant obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) used as diagnostic outcome variable. cTnI was determined at admission.
Results: Patients with significant CAD had higher cTnI levels compared to individuals without (median 250ng/L vs. 11ng/L; p<0.01). To identify patients needing a coronary intervention, cTnI yielded an area under the receiver operator characteristics curve of 0.849. Optimized cut-offs with respect to a sensitivity driven rule-out and specificity driven rule-in strategy were established (40ng/L/96ng/L). Application of the specificity optimized cut-off value led to a positive predictive value of 71% compared to 59% if using the 99th percentile cut-off. The sensitivity optimized cut-off value was associated with a negative predictive value of 93% compared to 89% provided by application of the 99th percentile threshold.
Conclusion: cTnI determined in hemodynamically stable patients with suspected AMI and wide QRS complex using optimized diagnostic thresholds improves rule-in and rule-out with respect to presence of a significant obstructive CAD.
Aims: To compare the effects of Ayurvedic and conventional nutritional therapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: Sixty-nine patients with IBS were randomized to Ayurvedic (n = 35) or conventional nutritional therapy according to the recommendations of the German Nutrition Society including the low-FODMAP diet (n = 34). Study visits took place at baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months. The primary outcome was IBS symptom severity (IBS-SSS) after 3 months; secondary outcomes included stress (CPSS), anxiety and depression (HADS), well-being (WHO-5) and IBS-specific quality of life (IBS-QOL). A repeated measures general linear model (GLM) for intent-to-treat-analyses was applied in this explorative study. Results: After 3 months, estimated marginal means for IBS-SSS reductions were 123.8 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 92.8–154.9; p < 0.001] in the Ayurvedic and 72.7 (95% CI = 38.8–106.7; p < 0.001) in the conventional group. The IBS-SSS reduction was significantly higher in the Ayurveda group compared to the conventional therapy group (estimated marginal mean = 51.1; 95% CI = 3.8–98.5; p = 0.035) and clinically meaningful. Sixty-eight percentage of the variance in IBS-SSS reduction after 3 months can be explained by treatment, 6.5% by patients' expectations for their therapies and 23.4% by IBS-SSS at pre-intervention. Both therapies are equivalent in their contribution to the outcome variance. The higher the IBS-SSS score at pre-intervention and the larger the patients' expectations, the greater the IBS-SSS reduction. There were no significant group differences in any secondary outcome measures. No serious adverse events occurred in either group. Conclusion: Patients with IBS seem to benefit significantly from Ayurvedic or conventional nutritional therapy. The results warrant further studies with longer-term follow-ups and larger sample sizes. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03019861, identifier: NCT03019861.
Tentamenta entomologica
(1862)
We investigate the possibility of selfconsistent solutions for antiferromagnetism in the Hubbard model in the decoupling of the Greens functions introduced by Hubbard in his first paper. On the base of this approximation Arai has calculated the band splitting for antiferromagnetism, but, as will be shown in this paper, Hubbard's approach fails to yield antiferromagnetism for nearest neighbour hopping in the same way as it does not yield ferromagnetism, and no selfconsistent solutions of the problem beyond the well known paramagnetic solution do exist.
Movement of organisms is one of the key mechanisms shaping biodiversity, e.g. the distribution of genes, individuals and species in space and time. Recent technological and conceptual advances have improved our ability to assess the causes and consequences of individual movement, and led to the emergence of the new field of ‘movement ecology’. Here, we outline how movement ecology can contribute to the broad field of biodiversity research, i.e. the study of processes and patterns of life among and across different scales, from genes to ecosystems, and we propose a conceptual framework linking these hitherto largely separated fields of research. Our framework builds on the concept of movement ecology for individuals, and demonstrates its importance for linking individual organismal movement with biodiversity. First, organismal movements can provide ‘mobile links’ between habitats or ecosystems, thereby connecting resources, genes, and processes among otherwise separate locations. Understanding these mobile links and their impact on biodiversity will be facilitated by movement ecology, because mobile links can be created by different modes of movement (i.e., foraging, dispersal, migration) that relate to different spatiotemporal scales and have differential effects on biodiversity. Second, organismal movements can also mediate coexistence in communities, through ‘equalizing’ and ‘stabilizing’ mechanisms. This novel integrated framework provides a conceptual starting point for a better understanding of biodiversity dynamics in light of individual movement and space-use behavior across spatiotemporal scales. By illustrating this framework with examples, we argue that the integration of movement ecology and biodiversity research will also enhance our ability to conserve diversity at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels.