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The paper presents an additional argument for a specific account of semantic binding: the flat-binding analysis. The argument is based on observations concerning sloppy interpretations in verb phrase ellipsis when the binder is not the subject of the elided VP. In one such case, it is important that one of the binders belong to the domain of the other. This case can be derived from the flat-binding analysis as is shown in the paper, while it is unclear how to account for it within other analyses of semantic binding.
Aramaic is not among the oldest Semitic languages in a strictly chronological sense, but among those languages which are still spoken today, it has the longest continuous written tradition. The existing written documents span a period of three millennia and thus enable us to study language history in a long-term perspective. It is very important, in this respect, that the latest stage of development of Aramaic, Neo-Aramaic, still exists in a multitude of spoken varieties which can be studied in vivo. We can thus describe the phonetics and phonology of the modern varieties with more precision than is possible for the older language stages, which in turn enables us to draw conclusions on diachronic sound change. Likewise, we can study morphology and syntax not only from recorded texts, but we also have recourse to native speakers in order to clarify doubtful points. Thus the latest stage of Aramaic casts a strong light back into the past. It is therefore most unfortunate that many Aramaicists and Syrologists show so little interest in this living heritage.
Verb agreement and epistemic marking : a typological journey from the Himalayas to the Caucasus
(2008)
Studies of the epistemic categories expressed in Tibetan auxiliaries and copulas have mostly compared the phenomena with mirativity marking, and this is no doubt the correct comparandum in diachronic research. However, synchronic descriptions are also often tempted to compare the relevant categories with agreement systems or similar reference-related structures, at least for expository purposes when explaining how the system works (e. g. Denwood 1999, Tournadre 1996, Goldstein et al. 1991).
"Spartacus", das ist der Mann mit dem entschlossenen Blick aus stahlblauen Augen, ein Gesicht mit klassisch-gerader Nase und darunter ein eckiges Kinn mit unübersehbarem Grübchen, ein Körper mit muskolösen nackten Armen und Schenkeln - "Spartacus" ist für viele der Filmschauspieler Kirk Douglas in einer seiner bekanntesten Rollen, in Spartacus von Stanley Kubrick (USA, 1960).
Die folgenden Überlegungen sollen zeigen, wie die vielfältigen Bewegungen des Films, insbesondere in gewissen neueren SpielfIlmen, die ich mit dem Begriff des expressiven, ethnografischen Realismus fassen möchte, an der Oberfläche >Denkbilder< im Sinne von Walter Benjamin skizzieren. Dafür werde ich zuerst das Verhältnis des Kinos zu den Ideen, d.h. auch das Verhältnis des Sichtbaren zum Unsichtbaren, darlegen und im Rahmen der künstlerischen Moderne verorten, um mich anschließend dem angesprochenen Modus des Realismus zu widmen, der den Körper der Filmfiguren ins Zentrum stellt. Mein Leitgedanke für diesen zweiten Abschnitt läßt sich folgendermaßen umreißen: In der Figurengestaltung, die durch eine exzessive Körperlichkeit bestimmt ist und also den Inbegriff des fIlmisch Konkreten, den primären Schauwert darstellt, wird das audiovisuelle Bild wie die Figur als Zeichen gesprengt. In der filmischen Bewegung ergibt sich so gleichzeitig die Möglichkeit zur Abstraktion: Liest man die Figuren stärker als Phänomene der Präsenz und weniger in ihrer Psychologie, verkörpern sie ein bewegliches Denken, das die Sprache umgeht, und konkretisieren letztlich Formen des Nichtdarstellbaren an der Oberfläche des Films.
Der Beitrag ventiliert das Verhältnis von Performanz und Komik anhand einiger Szenen aus Grimmelshausens Simplicissimus -wobei es insbesondere um das Phänomen körpergebundener Vielstimmigkeit geht. Komik entsteht durch ein Verunglücken von Sprechhandlungen, ein Scheitern von Inszenierungen oder eine 'performative Aufwandsdifferenz' beim Verkörpern von Zeichen. Im Simplicissimus manifestiert sich dies als Wechselspiel zwischen 'excess of utterance' und 'pleasure in scandal'. Dabei lassen sich zwei Modi des Verunglückens ausmachen. Zum einen das Verunglücken beim Verkörpern von sprachlichen Äußerungen, zum anderen das Verunglücken des Körpers bei Lebensäußerungen.
The claim of this paper is that embedded definites can, despite the appearances, be accounted for on the uniqueness approach. Far from being a surprise, we argue that the behavior of embedded definites is actually expected once two independent facts are taken into account: the ability of noun phrases to take scope, i.e., to be interpreted in a different place from their syntactic position, and the interaction of presuppositions and scope-taking elements. Specifically, we analyze embedded definites as a case of inverse linking (Gabbay and Moravscik, 1974; May, 1977): the embedded definite takes scope over the embedding one. The presupposition of the embedded definite is weakened as a result of the independently motivated process of intermediate accommodation (Kratzer, 1989; Berman, 1991). In our case, this process transfers the presupposition of the embedding definite into the restrictor of the embedded one.
Like other scope-taking processes, inverse linking is generally taken to be subject to locality constraints: if a syntactic island, such as a finite clause boundary, intervenes in the path of a scope-taking element, then the resulting reading is unavailable or degraded (Rodman, 1976). Since our account views embedded definites as cases of inverse linking, we predict that inserting an island into an embedded definite, all else being equal, should lead to a similar degradation. We report results from an online survey with 800 participants that confirm this prediction.
It has been established since Kanerva’s work that focus conditions phrasing – directly or indirectly – in several other Bantu languages, e.g. Chimwiini (Kisseberth 2007, Downing 2002, Kisseberth & Abasheikh 2004), Xhosa (Jokweni 1995, Zerbian 2004), Chitumbuka (Downing 2006, 2007), Zulu (Cheng & Downing 2006, Downing 2007), Bemba (Kula 2007), etc.
In this paper, I will argue that focus also conditions phrasing in Shingazidja, a Bantu language3 spoken on Grande Comore (or Ngazidja, the largest island of the Comoros).
Many works have been dedicated to the tonology of Shingazidja. The bases of the system were firstly identified by Tucker & Bryan (1970) and reanalyzed by Philippson (1988). Later, Cassimjee & Kisseberth (1989, 1992, 1993, 1998) provide a very convincing analysis of the whole system of the language, and my own research (Patin 2007a) shows a great correspondence with their results. However, little attention has been paid by these authors or others (Jouannet 1989, Rey 1990, Philippson 2005) to the phonology-pragmatics interface, especially on the relation between focus and phrasing. This paper thus proposes to explore this question. It will be claimed that focus, beside syntax, has an influence on phrasing in Shingazidja.