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Background: Many disabling human retinal disorders involve the central retina, particularly the macula. However, the commonly used rodent models in research, mouse and rat, do not possess a macula. The purpose of this study was to identify small laboratory rodents with a significant central region as potential new models for macular research.
Methodology/Principal Findings: Gerbillus perpallidus, Meriones unguiculatus and Phodopus campbelli, laboratory rodents less commonly used in retinal research, were subjected to confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO), fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) using standard equipment (Heidelberg Engineering HRA1 and Spectralis™) adapted to small rodent eyes. The existence of a visual streak-like pattern was assessed on the basis of vascular topography, retinal thickness, and the topography of retinal ganglion cells and cone photoreceptors. All three species examined showed evidence of a significant horizontal streak-like specialization. cSLO angiography and retinal wholemounts revealed that superficial retinal blood vessels typically ramify and narrow into a sparse capillary net at the border of the respective area located dorsal to the optic nerve. Similar to the macular region, there was an absence of larger blood vessels in the streak region. Furthermore, the thickness of the photoreceptor layer and the population density of neurons in the ganglion cell layer were markedly increased in the visual streak region.
Conclusions/Significance: The retinal specializations of Gerbillus perpallidus, Meriones unguiculatus and Phodopus campbelli resemble features of the primate macula. Hence, the rodents reported here may serve to study aspects of macular development and diseases like age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema, and the preclinical assessment of therapeutic strategies.
Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit werden verschiedene Non-Photorealistic Rendering Verfahren zur Darstellung von rekonstruierten Artefakten, im Bereich der Paläontologie, beschrieben und implementiert. Hauptsächlich arbeiten die vorgestellten Verfahren im zweidimensionalen Bildraum, um beispielsweise Kanten in Bildern zu detektieren. Hierbei bedienen wir uns sogenannter Normal- und Depthmaps, welche als Zwischenresultate dienen, um die nötigen Informationen zu sammeln, welche zur Erkennung von Kanten im Bild notwendig sind. Neben der Kantendetektion werden NPR Verfahren genutzt, um skizzenhafte Illustrationen zu erzeugen, welche per Hand gezeichnete wissenschaftliche bzw. technische Illustrationen nachahmen und somit (halb)automatisieren sollen. Mithilfe von (programmierbaren) Shadern werden dann spezielle Texturen auf die Oberflächen der Modelle gelegt, um eine skizzenhafte Darstellung zu erzeugen. Solche Verfahren erleichtern demnach die aufwändige Arbeit der Künstler, welche gewöhnlich viel Zeit für ihre Illustrationen benötigen.
Nshamaliya wambone
(2010)
The forces of nature warranted that these two English speaking poets, linguists, translators cum academics and researchers be born in Ndop, Ngoketunjia Division, in the North West Region of Cameroon. The one is based in the USA and other in Australia. Disgusted by the rotten political clime in their country as well as the political stance of politician vis-à-vis the English speaking minority, these two poets in their poetry explore the ins and outs of the problems of existence, not only of the minority English speaking Cameroonian but those of minorities in a modern world with a push for globalization. To them art is not only a weapon for survival but one for resistance.
O estilo em Alfred Döblin
(2010)
O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar alguns aspectos teóricos postulados pelo escritor alemão Alfred Döblin em seus ensaios ao desenvolver sua própria concepção da obra épica na "era da técnica" à luz de questões estilísticas, propondo conceitos como "estilo cinematográfico", "despersonalização", "fantasia factual" e "fantasia cinética". Para uma delimitação conceitual em relação à noção de "estilo", serão tomadas por base as considerações de Antoine Compagnon, postuladas na obra "O demônio da teoria" (1999), bem como as reflexões de Walter Benjamin, presents na resenha "A crise do romance" (1930) e no ensaio "O narrador" (1936).
U radu se predstavljaju rezultati terenskog istraživanja o nazivima za uskršnju pletenicu, provedenog na gotovo dvjesto punktova duž hrvatske obale te u unutrašnjosti Istre i nadopunjenog podatcima iz objavljene literature. Istraživanjem su, radi usporedbe, zahvaćena i neka naselja u Gorskom kotaru te u unutrašnjosti Dalmacije. Analiza prikupljenog korpusa ukazuje na snažnu prisutnost slike sadržaja ‘ptica’ u našim jadranskim nazivima za uskršnju pletenicu, bilo da je riječ o nazivima slavenskog ili romanskog (dalmatskog, istroromanskog ili mletačkog) podrijetla. Na temelju tih zapažanja ponovno se razmatraju neka dosad predložena etimološka rješenja (Skok, Vinja) te donose novi etimološki prijedlozi.
Neste artigo é feito um estudo do conto "A hora e a vez de Augusto Matraga", de Guimarães Rosa, de modo a se observar como o trágico manifesta-se nessa obra e como ele pode representar um sinal de salvação para a personagem principal. Tal estudo está ancorado na concepção de trágico nietzschiana, segundo a qual a tragédia se constitui a partir da fusão de duas forças opostas, referentes aos espíritos de Apolo e Dioniso, representantes da aparência e da essência, respectivamente.
Obaliwa wa nabuya Yezu
(2010)
We henceforth would open our eyes, as obscene dancers of moving kidneys, as songs burning with sexual aches, alarm bells in the stomach of emptiness, today constitute our revolution. For Ada Bessomo, Obili, a residential area in Yaounde, capital of Cameroon, is the epitome of bitterness itself. How does one, in such a context, reconcile self esteem, a recollection of better days and love for a country that flexes its muscles against your breath, almost as if to test your patience, to suffocate its very future?