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Factualité et littérarité
(2020)
The development of extended and multimedia narrative forms has changed our conception of reading. When we read or watch a text, we realize that surrounding elements are just as important as those placed at the center of our attention. Based on two case studies, a webdocumentary entitled "Prison Valley" and the concept of 'hyper reading' elaborated by N. Katherine Hayles, this article demonstrates how simultaneity turns out to be a determining parameter in the reception of non-linear narrative forms. By accentuating the spatial aspect of the page/screen, simultaneity crystallizes the two fundamental components of the contemporary, which are differentiation and contiguity, within the limits of the individual reading experience. What I call "simultaneous reading" becomes thus a laboratory to fully grasp the heterogenous nature of the contemporary, in both its subjective and its paradigmatic dimensions.
Der Umgang mit dem Übersetzen lebt traditionellerweise von einem Reflexionsdefizit, das sich weitgehend der Identifizierung mit zwei Grundpfeilern der abendländischen Kultur verdankt: der Schöpfungsgeschichte und der Auffassung von der Sprache als bloßem Medium bzw. Werkzeug. So bildet das Verhältnis zwischen Original und Übersetzung das theologisch bedingte Mann/Frau-Modell und dessen Wertvorstellungen nach. Konkretisiert wird diese ideologiekritische Diagnose am Beispiel des Diskurses von Ladmiral, der beide Richtungen akzentverschiebend radikalisiert und entsprechend positiv rezipiert wird. Anschließend wird der für das Übersetzen zentrale 'Treue'-Begriff kritisch überprüft und ein Alternativmodell entwickelt, das an zwei deutlich unterschiedlichen Kurzbeispielen erprobt wird. Im Schlussteil wird eine Definition der Übersetzeridentität herausgearbeitet, die auf theologisch-metaphysische Implikationen verzichtet und die Übersetzertätigkeit funktionsgerecht beschreiben soll.
Elsa Triolet (1896-1970), geb. Ella Kagan, Ehefrau von Louis Aragon und Schwester von Lili Brik, war eine französische Schriftstellerin russischen Ursprungs. Ihr Werk "Roses à crédit" ("Rosen auf Kredit"), der erstes Band der Trilogie "L'âge de nylon" ("Das Nylon-Zeitalter"), schreibt sich in mehrere Gattungsformen ein. Der Verlag Gallimard bezeichnet das Werk im Untertitel der ersten Auflage von 1959 als Roman. Das für die 1994 erschienene Übersetzung ins Russische verantwortliche Verlagshaus Khorda bezeichnet ihn genauer als einen "Roman für Frauen". Mit Hilfe der von Ute Heidmann etablierten Methode des "differenzierenden Vergleichs" analysiert der vorliegende Beitrag die generischen und stilistischen Merkmale der russischen Märchen im Band "Roses à crédit". Dazu bediene ich mich seiner Übersetzung ins Russische ("Розы в кредит"), der Märchen Afanassjews, und A. Puschkins "Märchen vom Fischer und Fischlein" ("Сказка о рыбаке и рыбке"). Die vergleichende Analyse zeigt deutlich, sich das literarische Schreiben einer mehrsprachigen Autorin sich keineswegs auf eine einzige Sprache reduzieren lässt. In Elsa Triolets "Roses à crédit" lassen sich eindeutige Spuren der russischen Sprache in Form von stilistischen Merkmalen finden, die sich der Einschreibung in die Gattung der russischen Märchen verdanken.
In der Kritik geht das immer wiederkehrende Lob des rumänischen Schriftstellers Emil Cioran, wenn er auf Französisch schreibt, damit einher, dass seine rumänische Vergangenheit nicht berücksichtigt wird. Ein Teil der Kritik schafft dabei eine einsprachige Darstellung seiner Schriften. Wenn Cioran seine Schreibpraxis evoziert, etabliert er eine Rhetorik, deren Zweck es ist, an seinem Image zu arbeiten, um im französischen Literaturbereich Erfolg zu haben. Nachdem er sich mit einer faschistischen Bewegung in Rumänien beschäftigt hat, verbindet er ständig Sprache, Ideologie und Identität, um sich in Frankreich verändert und reuig zu zeigen. Dieser Artikel verteidigt somit die Betrachtung der gesamten mehrsprachigen literarischen Karriere von Cioran, wenn wir seine Arbeit so objektiv und vollständig wie möglich angehen wollen.
In diesem Beitrag wird das von Patrick Chamoiseau entwickelte Konzept vom "Relationspotential der Sprachen, Literaturen und Kulturen" auf Grimms Märchen angewandt. In erster Linie geht es darum, zu zeigen, wie im Laufe der Ausgaben der Sammlung "Kinder- und Hausmärchen, gesammelt durch die Brüder Grimm" rein deutsche Erzählungen sowie mythologische Reminiszenzen entstanden sind. In zweiter Linie wird die Künstlichkeit dieses Diskurses hervorgehoben. Dazu werden die Märchen von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm - vor allem das KHM 60 "Die zwei Brüder" - mit den mythologischen Quellen verglichen, aus denen sie vermeintlich stammen sollten.
This study examines how "Rebelle Antigone" (2005), a story by Marie-Thérèse Davidson intended for young readers and published in the collection 'Histoires noires de la mythologie' by Nathan, uses Henry Bauchau's novel "Antigone" (1997) to renew the intertextual dialogue with the homonymous tragedy of Sophocles, the canonical intertext of all the reconfigurations of Antigone. In other words, the author mobilizes what we could call 'l'actif relationnel' // 'relational potential' of two intertexts and two generic practices to create a new, original and challenging work for readers aged 11 to 14. This study aims to show that, far from the prejudices devaluing the so-called "children's literature", the adaptation of mythological stories for children takes up the challenge of transmitting ancient heritage in all its diversity. The use of more recent (re)writings, such as Henry Bauchau's novel, thus becomes an effective means of making the myth and its ancient intertexts both more complex and more accessible to young readers.
This essay examines Agota Kristof's use of the French language in a French-Hungarian edition of her poetry entitled "Clous / Szögek" ("Nails"). Furthermore, the close reading of her collected poems and her autobiography "L'Analphabète" ("The Illiterate") reveals the complexity of Kristof's writing and her creative way to move between the two languages. The analysis of her syntax, her dynamic choice of verbs and the modalities of negation brings to light discursive caracteristics of the Hungarian language, her mother tongue. Lexical nuances reveal the emotional dimension concealed in Agota Kristof's texts while the phonetic dimension of her poetry creates a particular poetic voice. Consulting the archives of the writer preserved in Bern has confirmed the importance of Agota Kristof's linguistic exploration. Close reading of her texts in both languages reveals how childhood memories activate her first language and how her mother tongue helps her to remember past events.
Die Studie skizziert ein mobiles Sinnbildfeld zentraler Figuren und Konzepte weltliterarischer Mehrsprachigkeit, einschließlich der wechselseitigen Beziehungen, die sich zwischen den Figuren einerseits und zwischen Figuren und Konzepten anderseits entwickeln. Ein bildbegriffliches Feld mit den Konturen einer fluiden 'imago mundi'. Zunächst werden archaische Sprachgottheiten und Sprachmythen verschiedenster Kulturkreise im Dialog und Konflikt miteinander als prototypische Figuren von Viel-, Ein- und Allsprachigkeit vorgestellt. Dann wird deren weltliche und literarische Rekonfigurierung an der Schnittstelle zwischen Antike und Moderne aufgezeigt. Eine bedeutsame Konfiguration bilden die urbanen und die kosmischen Figuren des Babelturms und des Sprachenbaums samt dessen rhizomatischem Widerpart; außerdem die Figuren der kosmischen und der nautischen Meer- und Mehrsprachigkeit. Abschließend werden interlinguale Sprachfiguren 'in actu' vorgeführt, auf dem Weg zu einem globoglotten Interlekt.
Die von dem karibischen Schriftsteller Patrick Chamoiseau geprägte Wendung "l'actif relationnel des langues, des cultures et des hommes" bezeichnet die kreative Dynamik, die entsteht, wenn verschiedene Sprachen und Kulturen miteinander in Beziehung treten. Die folgende Studie zeigt, wie Chamoiseau in seinem literarischen und theoretischen Werk dieses 'Relationspotential' der in den französischen Antillen koexistierenden Sprachen auf mehreren Ebenen "mobilisiert". In seiner Trilogie "Une enfance créole" erfindet er eine höchst suggestive poetische Sprache, die den kolonialen Antagonismus der kreolischen und der französischen Sprache auflöst, indem er die klangliche, lexikalische und semantische Verwandtschaft beider Sprachen aktiviert. Indem er eine Gattung französischer Tradition, die Kindheitsbeschreibung ('récit d’enfance') mit einer fundamentalen kreolischen Gattungspraxis, dem 'conte créole', kombiniert, gelingt es ihm auch, das 'actif relationnel' beider Kulturen zu mobilisieren. Sein Werk begründet mit seinem 'récit d'enfance créole' eine Gattungspraxis, die beide Sprachen und Kulturen auf kreative Weise in ihrer "Diversalität" ('diversalité') vereint. Damit realisiert Chamoiseau auf künstlerischer und auf metapoetischer Ebene sein mit anderen kreolischen Schriftstellern (Glissant, Bernabé, Confiant) formuliertes Postulat, der "oft verflachenden Universalität" die "Dynamik einer Einheit im Diversen" entgegenzusetzen.
Introduction
(2020)
Les langues, littératures et cultures du monde entrent en relation par de multiples façons liées au plurilinguisme autant qu'au dialogisme interculturel et intertextuel constitutif qui sous-tend l'évolution des langues et des littératures. La notion d'actif relationnel, forgée par Patrick Chamoiseau, en dit bien la dynamique créatrice et le potentiel sémantique: "La communauté est désormais dans l'actif relationnel des langues, des cultures et des hommes. Les connivences de langues tracent des histoires, des rencontres, des solidarités mais ne sont que le signe d'une diversité-monde qui, cherchant ses accords, tend à les dépasser en d’autres complexités" ("Écrire en pays dominé"). Pour explorer cette dynamique, l'Association Suisse de Littérature Générale et Comparée (ASLGC) a décidé de consacrer son colloque annuel, tenu entre le 22 et le 24 novembre 2018 à l'Université de Lausanne, à "L'actif relationnel des langues, littératures et cultures". Il s'agissait de mettre en évidence cette créativité et la complexité qui en résulte par des exemples marquants. Quels sont les procédés langagiers et poïétiques mis en oeuvre pour mobiliser cet actif relationnel? Quels sont les obstacles à surmonter pour le mobiliser, autant sur le plan de la création que sur celui de l’analyse?
Les végétaux et leurs produits sont de la première importance pour la vie de la population rurale de l’Afrique. Localement, ils sont couramment utilisés pour la construction, la fabrication des outils, l’emballage, comme aliments et médicaments, pour nourrir le bétail et pour la protection des cultures et des terres. Aussi, les insectes comestibles constituant une part importante de l’alimentation dans une grande partie de l’Afrique, se nourrissent de certaines plantes. Les abeilles récoltent le nectar et le pollen pour produire le miel qui est très apprécié par la population et s’avère être une précieuse source de revenus dans la province. La connaissance des utilisations et même des noms locaux de nombreuses de ces plantes est entrain de se perdre. Cette publication fournit des informations recueillies localement, ainsi que de la littérature disponible, pour plus de 800 plantes poussant dans la province du Kongo central en République Démocratique du Congo.
Le but de ce livre est d’encourager la plantation et la conservation des plantes au Kongo Central, province de la République Démocratique du Congo. La plupart des plantes citées sont également présentes dans plusieurs pays en région tropicale humide d’Afrique. Il est à espérer que ce livre sera utile aux fermiers, aux guérisseurs, aux étudiants et aux diverses catégories de personnes vivant en milieu rural.
Le volume 1 couvre les espèces Abelmoschus esculentus à Leptaspis zeylanica. Le volume 2 contient Leptoderris congolensis à Zinnia angustifolia. (Une version corrigée du volume 2 est également disponible, dans laquelle les erreurs mineures de formatage de l'édition originale sont améliorées.)
Usages et appropriation des technologies éducatives en Afrique : quelques pistes de réflexion
(2020)
Ce livre veut faire etat de l'appropriation des technologies, dans divers contextes africains, par les enseignants et les apprenants de l'enseignement primaire, secondaire et universitaire. Pour ce faire, il presente les travaux de chercheurs de differents pays d'Afrique - Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger et Senegal. Surgissent de ces recherches plusieurs reflexions et questions qui interpellent tous ceux qui ont à coeur la comprehension du potentiel des technologies educatives. Quelles sont les representations sociales que les enseignants, les eleves et les etudiants ont des technologies ? Quelles sont les modalites administratives, pedagogiques et techniques à mettre en oeuvre pour la formation continue à distance des enseignants avec l'aide des technologies ? Comment soutenir l'acquisition des competences technopedagogiques ? Quelles sont les reelles potentialites des technologies de l'information et de la communication pour soutenir les reformes en education ? Les technologies sont-elles une source de motivation ou de demotivation, un levier pour les approches socioconstructivistes ? Cet ouvrage interessera toute personne qui souhaite mieux comprendre l'education en Afrique et plus particulierement la place que la technopedagogie est appelee à jouer dans l'Afrique du 21e siecle.
A woman meets young people from various backgrounds - at a U.S. university. She is African, from Chad. The students, eager to learn about her life, ask probing questions. She tells them about the war, her flight, her refugee status, her experiences in West Africa and Algeria. In turn, she discovers that they are still exposed to racism in their country - an outrage compounded by the murders of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor. As an activist in residence, she dialogues with the students about their aspirations and encourages them to become artisans of peace and justice. We look forward, in turn, to the thoughts and writings of young people about the encounters shared here and the illustrations by a young Kenyan woman that accompany the essays.
The Struggle for Meaning is a landmark publication by one of African philosophy's leading figures, Paulin J. Hountondji, best known for his critique of ethnophilosophy in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In this volume, he responds with autobiographical and philosophical reflection to the dialogue and controversy he has provoked. He discusses the ideas, rooted in the work of such thinkers as Husserl and Hountondji's former teachers Derrida, Althusser, and Ricoeur, that helped shape his critique. Applying his philosophical ideas to the critical issues of democracy, culture, and development in Africa today, he addresses three crucial topics: the nexus between scientific extraversion and economic dependence; the nature of endogenous traditions of thought and their relationship with modern science; and the implications - for political pluralism and democracy - of the emergence of 'philosophies of subject' in Africa. While the book's immediate concern is with Africa, the densely theoretical nature of its analyses, and its bearing on current postmodern theories of the 'other', will make this timely and elegant translation of great interest to many disciplines, especially ethnic, gender, and multicultural studies.
It is important to question some recurrent commonplaces about the (post)colonial order and the preservation of the environment if one wants to reconcile ecocriticism and postcolonial theories. For instance, were pre-colonial societies devoid of ecological awareness? Is the environmental commitment of the developed world a kind of repentance for the damages that its material comfort has caused to the environment? Are the underprivileged people of the third world so concerned with their daily survival that they become unable to advocate for the protection of the environment? Can we conclude, given the conflicting views of the industrialized countries and their post-colonial counterparts on ecology, that issues of human development and those of the conservation of the environment are incompatible? These are some of the questions that the essays in Aspects ?cocritiques de l?imaginaire africain attempt to answer, with reference to African literature.
Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, and interrelated perspectives (law, economics, politics, geography, etc.), it confirms some knowledge but shows a differentiation of the systems of exclusion of women in the access and control of land resources, systems that appear to be related to socio-cultural realities specific to each agro-ecological zones of Senegal.
The rural poor face a major challenge to access financial services provided by the formal banking system. These poor are excluded from the system because of the requirements imposed on them by that banking sector. The microfinance promise is to ensure that the excluded have access to financial products. Financial intermediation of microfinance through microcredit, micro-transfers, micro-saving and micro-insurance has gained popularity in the developing countries of the world during the past thirty years. For these countries the question is to determine the potential role of microfinance in reducing poverty and in strengthening economic growth. While a considerable amount of research has been undertaken in other parts of the world on these issues, there is a dearth of empirical knowledge in the Central African countries. This book 'Microfinance in Central Africa: The challenge of the excluded' presents results of empirical research concerning microfinance institutions in Central Africa. The book draws from a project that was supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) in the context of the Centre's globalization, growth and poverty programme initiative. The project examined issues related to the market for microfinance, institutional considerations, efficiency and behaviour of key actors and the impact of microfinance. The studies within the project were undertaken by teams of researchers and doctoral students, all mainly economists and jurists, in four countries in Central Africa, namely: Cameroon, Chad, Congo Republic and Gabon. The book should serve as a reference guide with respect to the microfinance experience in the region for the scientific community, policy makers and other development practitioners.
The idea that human beings are inextricably bound to one another is at the heart of this book about African agency, especially drawing on the African philosophy Ubuntu, with its roots in human sociality and inclusivity. Ubuntu's precepts and workings are severely tested in these times of rapid change and multiple responsibilities. Africans negotiate their social existence between urban and rural life, their continental and transcontinental distances, and all the market forces that now impinge, with relationships and loyalties placed in question. Between ideal and reality, dreams and schemes, how is Ubuntu actualized, misappropriated and endangered? The book unearths the intrigues and contradictions that go with inclusivity in Africa. Basing his argument on the ideals of trust, conviviality and support embodied in the concept of Ubuntu, Francis Nyamnjoh demonstrates how the pursuit of personal success and even self-aggrandizement challenges these ideals, thus leading to discord in social relationships. Nyamnjoh uses a popular Ivorian drama with the same title to substantiate life-world realities and more importantly to demonstrate that new forms of expression, from popular drama to fiction, thicken and enrich the ethnographic component in current anthropology.
In Compagnon ! Journal d'un noussi en guerre: 2002-2011 Garvey tells the story of intimate and professional life in Côte dIvoire during a decade of civil war. During that period Garvey played an important role in the paramilitary group FLGO-Abidjan, part of the militarised wing of the so-called patriotic movement who supported President Laurent Gbagbo. Compagnon! is the outcome of the collaboration of Marcus Mausiah Garvey and the anthropologist Karel Arnaut which began in 2009 when Garvey showed Karel his autobiography-in-progress. Since that day both became companions in a long, challenging but often intensely creative and reflective literary project which led, among other things, to this book.
This book questions the politicization/depoliticization of women's and feminists' organizations in the context of globalization. It explores some African pathways, in particular those of South Africa and Senegal. Extending beyond the notions of neoliberalism and 'gender digital divide', the author is searching, through the ICT use of those organizations, the inhibiting factors or the genesis of political action, and particularly the mechanisms of institutionalization. Palmieri shows that the impact of ICT and gender inequality combine to worsen and accelerate social hierarchies and may paradoxically create spaces where non-dominated gendered knowledge emerge. She dissociates domination and power. This book introduces new directions for feminist epistemology. Contemporary societies, strongly foot-printed by digital connection, are mixing the coloniality of power and patriarchy, and this dual system of domination can produce epistemic creation.
When an Anglophone takes up the challenge to write in French and for those who think they have the monopoly of the French language, the result is exhilarating for the reader. This is regarding poetry born of the plume of Bill F. Ndi. Though this is not his first collection in the French language, The Crossroads: Black or Blackened smacks with the poets lexical usage and the imagery the words evoke to awaken the readers conscience of the misdeeds plaguing the society. The word choices are just and à propos. Esthetically and rhythmically, the poems in this volume jolt the readers senses.
This book starts from the premise that the advent of mobile telephony in Mali coincided with economic liberalization, internationalization of trades and new balances in social spaces such as the Bamako market and the Center and Northern regions of Mali already under stress and / or major reconfigurations. These have resulted in increasing the mobility made ??both inside and outside the country (migrants and displaced persons, etc.); the appearance of new figures of businessmen, entrepreneurs, traders and changing trade routes. However, these mobilities produce original territories circulations and various exchanges that can not be understand in the exclusive setting of the local society. Perceived as pens or territorial ghettos, they are also anchors in cities. Centralities invisible and often confused with other businesses, these territories are also internalized operators forming networks between cities and the countryside. The investigated sites are representative of different scales: links, networks and territories across the Sahel and Sahara, and lastly of the territory enclosed within national boundaries, and finally across small parts of that territory, Douentza and the edges of the Sahara, the region of Kidal. In all cases it came to study in parallel, the social structure, the nature of territories or networks and actors that produce them, their links with urban areas, institutions, groups of actors embedded in these territories and movements registered by the use and ownership of the phone.
Using linguistic stylings as subversive as the messages nestled between the lines, Vakunta s Requiem for Ongola in Camfranglais: Cameroonian poetics presents a scathing critique of the corruption of democracy into democraziness running rampant in the Sick Man of Africa . Written in Camfranglais, this is resistance poetry at its best: tokking through the mouth of the voiceless , the author pulls no punches in condemning the country s roi fain ant, the perverted acceptance of feymania, the reduction of the national Constitution into toilet paper, and the general climate of impunity that has created an atmosphere of frustration and hopelessness. Calling upon the redeeming power of the Word Speak truth! these verses deftly navigate through the multilingual lexicon of a new, African hybrid language, providing an insider s account of the real stakes at hand in Ongola, the Ewondo word for Yaound .
How does one think about the form of the State in its management of conflicting ethnic groups in positive light in Africa in the present and in the future? Ethnic reality in Africa continues to be the principal determining factor of individual and collective existence, constituting an obstacle to the normal operation of its States, which often fail or collapse. In the global era, the re-organisation of power and of thought in plural societies leads to socio-political and geopolitical stabilisation. The author here argues for the implementation of 'deliberative democracy' or 'governance under the tree' as a synthesis of liberal and republican democracy based on the 'win-win' principle, different from majoritarian democracy where the 'winner takes all'. The theory of the multinational state thus proposes a constitutional, political and conceptual innovation in the plural societies of the 21st century: it entails restructuring the imagination to allow a global shift in African political thought, its needs, desires, quests, expectations and hopes.
Teachers, through their pedagogical appropriation of information and communication technology (ICT) are sometimes bewildered - as if in the middle of a new ocean. Behind them is all they have learned, and before them lies so much they do not know and that invites exploration. They accompany their students and invite others to join them in this journey. They do their best to learn, deepen their teaching, and perhaps also, through their example and their actions, encourage the revitalization of the school system. Internet is like a sea of knowledge, in a changing world, where one has to navigate with great enthusiasm, curiosity and skill, as well as patience, impatience and perseverance. Let the experiences of Malian teachers shared in this book inspire you.
? La vérité blesse ? ou encore ? la vérité est une pilule amère à avaler ? sont des adages depuis fort longtemps passés de mode. Cependant, dans La Logorrhée du poète ou lHistoire des Camerouns en 33 gouttelettes, le poète évoque et symbolise dune manière nouvelle et dune esthétique fascinante le mal-vivre de Southern Cameroons/Ambazonia avec ses frères/voisins de la République du Cameroun. Le premier ayant choisi (en 1961) la fédération avec la République du Cameroun qui nen voulut point au départ, sen veut et pour ce, cherche à défaire cette relation sans fondement ni base. Ce vouloir étant accueilli par une brutalité sanguinaire et féroce na laissé à ce poète engagé que le choix dexposer la laideur de la tyrannie, de la tuerie, de linsouciance, et de lhypocrisie de ceux sensés gouverner. Les sévices subis par le peuple du Southern Cameroons/Ambazonia semblent souligner la volonté du poète à faire valoir aux Ambazonians, leur droit de quête de liberté. Cette prise de position rappelle la perspective Sartrienne de lengagement littéraire. Bref, ce recueil est riche sur le plan esthétique et aussi historique de fond en comble.
Pour Qui File La Comete
(2017)
The appearance of a comet in some African beliefs is taken as a bad omen. In the 1960s, appeared in this imaginary land a comet whose shape resembles that of a sword and it can be seen only at dawn. People at once related this appearance with sad events. Soon after the appearance of the comet this land experienced painful events of civil war. Adouma, the main character of the story and son of a Marabout (an Islamic scholar), has attended both schools, Coranic and French. He lived through this troubled period which took place between 1960 and 1990. He waged war and also endured the harms of war. It is an enthralling and moving narrative that combines fantastic story with auto-fiction.